1,659 results
Search Results
2. Effect of hydrocarbon type on reactivity of exhaust gases. Paper 650524
- Author
-
Fleming, R
- Published
- 2020
3. Analysis and pollution sources speculations of toxic gases in a secondary fiber paper mill.
- Author
-
Tong, Xin, Liu, Zhang, Chen, Xiao Q., and Shen, Wen H.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER mill waste , *GAS analysis , *AIR pollution control , *POLLUTANTS , *SPECTROPHOTOMETRY , *PHOTOIONIZATION detectors - Abstract
This paper quantitatively investigates the compositions of the gaseous pollutants in the ambient air of a secondary fiber paper mill. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), sulfur compounds (H2S), and hydrocarbon compounds (CxHy) were analyzed on six sampling sites with photo-ionisation detector, acetylacetone spectrophotometric method, and gas detector. The results revealed that, the high levels of TVOC and CxHywere detected at the wet end of paper machine and the office area, respectively; all the H2S contents on the six sites exceeded the limit (0.06 mg m−3) seriously; the HCHO concentrations at other five sites were out of the limit (0.10 mg m−3) except for the wastewater treatment plant. Furthermore, the necessary discussions about the possible pollution sources were considered on the process flow, the chemical agents used, and the ambient conditions in the paper mill. For the sake of air pollution control in paper mills, these remarkable results and analysis lay some technical basis in the following researches that should attract more attentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from U.S. pulp and paper mills, 1980-2005
- Author
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Pinkerton, John [National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (United States). Air Quality Program]
- Published
- 2007
5. Advances in computational intelligence: Selected and improved papers of the 14th international work-conference on artificial neural networks (IWANN 2017).
- Author
-
Atencia, Miguel, Joya, Gonzalo, and García-Lagos, Francisco
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,COMPUTATIONAL intelligence ,AMBIENT intelligence ,AIR pollution control - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Rapid carbon emission measurement during the building operation phase based on PSO-SVM: electric big data perspective.
- Author
-
Yang Wei, Zhengwei Chang, Pengchao Hu, Hongli Liu, Fuxin Li, Yumin Chen, Junqi Wang, and Sahoo, Abinash
- Subjects
CARBON emissions ,ENERGY consumption ,BUILDING operation management ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,BIG data ,PARTICLE swarm optimization ,AIR pollution control - Abstract
With the rapid development of urbanization in China, urban energy consumption increases rapidly, leading to energy shortages and environmental pollution, of which building operational energy consumption carbon emissions (BECCE) account for a large proportion. It has a vital impact on global warming and urban green and sustainable development. Chengdu city in Sichuan Province is taken as the research area in this paper. First, basic information and power data on four types of single buildings, including large-sized buildings, small- and medium-sized buildings, government agencies, and residential buildings, are collected. Second, the characteristics of the four types of buildings are extracted, and the calculation model of BECCE ("electricity-carbon" model) based on particle swarm optimization algorithm-support vector machine (PSO-SVM) is constructed, and the model is trained and verified using the method of five-fold cross-validation. Then, according to the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and R² evaluation indicators, the constructed "electricity-carbon" model is compared and evaluated. Finally, the generalization ability of the "electricity-carbon" model is verified. The research results show that (1) the "electricity-carbon" model constructed in this paper has a high accuracy rate, and the fitting ability of the PSO-SVM model is significantly better than that of the support vector regression (SVR) model; (2) in the testing stage, the fitting situation of large buildings is the best, and MAE, RMSE, and R² are 858.7, 1108.6, and 0.91, respectively; and (3) the spatial distribution map of regional BECCE can be quickly obtained using the "electricity-carbon" model constructed in this paper. The "electricity-carbon" model constructed in this paper can provide a scientific reference for building emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Economic Policy Uncertainty and Co-Control of Air Pollutants and CO 2 : Evidence from 282 Cities in China.
- Author
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Yang, Xuan, Chen, Geng, Qu, Chunzi, Chen, Zhixuan, Wen, Yang, Shi, Lei, and Long, Feng
- Subjects
AIR pollutants ,ECONOMIC uncertainty ,CITIES & towns ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,ECONOMIC policy ,AIR pollution control - Abstract
China is currently focusing on the cooperative control of air pollution and CO
2 emissions, as well as the mitigation of economic policy uncertainty (EPU). By using panel data from 282 cities spanning from 2003 to 2017 and a newly constructed city-level EPU index, a spatial Durbin, two-way fixed-effects model is employed, with the aim of estimating the impact of EPU on the synergistic emissions intensity (SEI) of air pollutants and CO2 . Additionally, this paper investigates the potential channels through which EPU influences SEI. It also explores how pressures related to environmental protection and economic development affect the impact of EPU on SEI. The results indicate that a unit increase in EPU will result in a rise in the SEI of local cities, adjacent cities, and total cities by 930.9%, 69,162.7%, and 70,093.6%, respectively. Moreover, the channel analysis suggests that EPU exacerbates SEI by undermining the upgrading of the industrial structure, augmenting industrial structure distortion, and escalating labor market distortion. Furthermore, the effect of EPU on SEI may be lessened by an increase in environmental protection pressure, while an increase in economic development pressure may exert a positive influence. Finally, this paper concludes by recommending that policymakers should prioritize the maintenance and stability of economic policies, facilitate the advancement of the industrial structure, enhance the efficiency of labor resource allocation, and underscore the significance of managing urban air pollution and CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Long-range regional power plant siting model. Proc. Paper 14322
- Author
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Meier, P
- Published
- 1979
9. Studying the Regional Transmission of Air Pollution Based on Spatiotemporal Multivariable Data.
- Author
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Lu, Xi, Xue, Yong, He, Botao, Jiang, Xingxing, Wu, Shuhui, and Wang, Xiangkai
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,AIR pollution ,AIR pollution monitoring ,AIR pollution prevention ,URBAN pollution ,AIR quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Imported air pollution has a significant impact on urban air quality. Relevant studies have shown that many urban air pollution events are not resourced by local emissions but are imported by air pollution from surrounding areas transported across regions. The prevention and control of air pollution is very necessary. However, the existing supervision of urban air quality mostly relies on ground monitoring stations, which are extremely limited in time and space, and cannot satisfy continuous time-space air pollution research. Therefore, aiming at the problem of urban air pollution control, this paper used MERRA-2 reanalysis data and ground monitoring data to establish a "Time-Longitude-Latitude" three-dimensional pollution curve, and then a genetic algorithm was used to optimize its fitting. This study finally reconstructed the imported air pollution transmission route. This paper takes an air pollution event that occurred in Xuzhou City, China, on 12 January 2020, as an example. Through the analysis of aerosol optical depth (AOD), particulate matter (PM), wind speed, and other factors, we found the source, transmission route, and impact time of this pollution. We have verified the correctness and accuracy of the reconstructed contamination transport paths. It is proved that the method is universal and it can quickly and accurately restore the air pollution transmission route and identify the urban imported air pollution transmission entrance. This method will also provide strong data support for the division of responsibilities of environmental protection departments in various regions for severe air pollution transmission events and provide effective governance ideas for the prevention and control of imported air pollution in recipient cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Can power market reform reduce air pollution?——Evidence from prefecture-level cities in China.
- Author
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Li, Xing, Liu, Zimin, Yang, Dan, Wei, Yong, and Gong, Na
- Subjects
ELECTRICITY markets ,CITIES & towns ,AIR pollution prevention ,PRICE regulation ,AIR pollution control ,INDUSTRIAL energy consumption ,AIR pollution - Abstract
The market-oriented reform of China's power market has gradually transformed power prices from government pricing to market regulation, which not only promotes the production efficiency of industrial enterprises, but also inhibits the excessive consumption and waste of power by residential power users. This paper uses the data from 2006–2018 combined with the precious industrial power price data and macroeconomic data of 100 cities in China, takes the marketization reform of the power market in 2015 as a quasi-natural experiment, and uses the difference-in-differences model to empirically study the causal relationship between power market reform and air pollution for the first time. The study found that power market reform can reduce air pollution, and this conclusion is also supported by a number of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis shows that power market reform can reduce air pollution by improving power market efficiency, promoting technological progress, and reducing power consumption. Heterogeneity analysis shows that power market reform can suppress air pollution more significantly in eastern regions, regions with severe air pollution, and regions with larger populations. This paper not only provides new research perspectives and research ideas for air pollution prevention and control, but also provides empirical evidence for the positive externalities of power market reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Research on PM2.5 Concentration Prediction Algorithm Based on Temporal and Spatial Features.
- Author
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Song Yu and Chen Wang
- Subjects
AIR pollution prevention ,AIR pollution control ,FLOWGRAPHS ,CITIES & towns ,ATTENTION control - Abstract
PM
has a non-negligible impact on visibility and air quality as an important component of haze and can affect cloud formation and rainfall and thus change the climate, and it is an evaluation indicator of air pollution level. Achieving PM2.5 2.5 concentration prediction based on relevant historical data mining can effectively improve air pollution forecasting ability and guide air pollution prevention and control. The past methods neglected the impact caused by PM2.5 flow between cities when analyzing the impact of inter-city PM2.5 concentrations, making it difficult to further improve the prediction accuracy. However, factors including geographical information such as altitude and distance and meteorological information such as wind speed and wind direction affect the flow of PM2.5 between cities, leading to the change of PM2.5 concentration in cities. So a PM2.5 directed flow graph is constructed in this paper. Geographic and meteorological data is introduced into the graph structure to simulate the spatial PM2.5 flow transmission relationship between cities. The introduction of meteorological factors like wind direction depicts the unequal flow relationship of PM2.5 between cities. Based on this, a PM2.5 concentration prediction method integrating spatialtemporal factors is proposed in this paper. A spatial feature extraction method based on weight aggregation graph attention network (WGAT) is proposed to extract the spatial correlation features of PM2.5 in the flow graph, and a multi-step PM2.5 prediction method based on attention gate control loop unit (AGRU) is proposed. The PM2.5 concentration prediction model WGATAGRU with fused spatiotemporal features is constructed by combining the two methods to achieve multi-step PM2.5 concentration prediction. Finally, accuracy and validity experiments are conducted on the KnowAir dataset, and the results show that the WGAT-AGRU model proposed in the paper has good performance in terms of prediction accuracy and validates the effectiveness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Optimal allocation of urban new energy vehicles and traditional energy vehicles considering pollution and cost.
- Author
-
Guo, Xiaopeng, Zhang, Xinyue, Dong, Jianqiang, and Yang, Xiaoyu
- Subjects
ELECTRIC vehicles ,AIR pollution prevention ,AIR pollution control ,POLLUTION ,URBAN pollution ,SUSTAINABLE urban development ,AIR pollution - Abstract
With a large number of new energy vehicles being put into use, it is the general trend for traditional fuel vehicles to withdraw from the market in an orderly manner. Determining the optimal ratio between them in this process is of great significance to the low-carbon sustainable development of cities. Therefore, considering the constraints of urban automobile development planning and air pollution prevention and control policies, a multi-objective model to minimize pollutants and costs is constructed in this paper. Through model calculation and sensitivity analysis of dynamic impact relationship of different types of vehicles, it is determined that when new energy vehicles account for around 36% in Beijing, 57% in Shanghai and 46% in Guangzhou, the pollutant emissions can be minimized without causing a significant increase in social costs. Additionally, compared with 2030, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou can achieve emission reductions of 320,000 tons, 200,000 tons and 250,000 tons, respectively, in 2050 if they implement the policy of banning the sale and delisting of fuel vehicles, which could provide suggestions for the guidance of the low-carbon development plan of the automobile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Portabe detection of trace metas in airborne particuμates and sediments via μPADs and smartphone.
- Author
-
Yuan Jia, Hui Dong, Jianping Zheng, and Hao Sun
- Subjects
SMARTPHONES ,PARTICULATE matter ,AIR pollution control ,LIFE expectancy ,MICROFLUIDICS ,TRACE analysis - Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), a key indicator of air pollution by natural and anthropogenic activities, contributes to a wide spectrum of diseases that lead to a shortening of life expectancy. It has been recognized that trace metals in airborne PM are highly toxic and can be correlated with lesion in respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunological, and hematological systems. Traditional methods for trace metal assay require sophisticated instrumentations and highly trained operators in centralized laboratories. In this work, by integrating the technologies of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, additive manufacturing, smartphone, and colorimetric sensing, we developed the first smartphone based paper microfluidic platform for portable, disposable, and quantitative measurements of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) in ambient air and street sediments. On a single A4-sized paper, 48 devices were fabricated in under 30 s with a total cost of ∼$1.9. On each device, 12 reaction units were patterned and used for colorimetric tests. Particulate samples from urban ambient air and street sediments were collected, processed, and analyzed. Signals of the on-chip complexation product were recorded using a smartphone camera and processed by a self-developed app on an iOS system. For precisely controlling the object distance, chip position, and luminance, a hand-held 3D cellphone housing was designed and printed. The detection limits of Co, Cu, and Fe were determined to be 8.2, 45.8, and 186.0 ng' while the linear dynamic ranges were calculated to be 8.2-81.6, 45.8-4.58 ×10
2 , and 1.86 ×102 -1.86 ×103 ng' representing a practically relevant device performance with a significant reduction in the detection cost and time consumption. Trace metals in ambient air and sediments of two cities in China have been quantified portably, thus demonstrating the utility of our system in improving strategies for air pollution control in low-resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Robust Control of RSOC/Li-ion Battery Hybrid System Based on Modeling and Active Disturbance Rejection Technology.
- Author
-
Wu, Xiaolong, Li, Yu, Gao, Zilin, Xu, Yuanwu, Peng, Jingxuan, Xia, Zhiping, Hu, Lingyan, Hu, Jiangong, Wang, Zhuo, and Li, Xi
- Subjects
HYBRID systems ,LITHIUM-ion batteries ,INDUSTRIAL pollution ,ROBUST control ,AIR pollution prevention ,AIR pollution control ,WATER electrolysis - Abstract
The application of new energy systems for industrial production to advance air pollution prevention and control has become an irreversible trend. This development includes hybrid systems consisting of reversible solid oxide cells (RSOC) and a Li-ion battery; however, at present the energy dispatching of such systems has an unstable factor in the form of poor heat/electricity/gas controllability. Therefore, the system studied in this paper uses the Li-ion battery as the energy supply/storage case, and uses the RSOC to supply power for the Li-ion battery charge or the Li-ion battery supply power to the RSOC for hydrogen production by water electrolysis. In this hybrid system, Li-ion battery thermoelectric safety and RSOC hydrogen production stability are extremely important. However, system operation involves the switching of multiple operating conditions, and the internal thermoelectric fluctuation mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, in this paper we propose a separate control with a dual mode for hybrid systems. Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with a simple structure is used to achieve Li-ion battery module thermoelectric safety and control the hydrogen production/consumption of the RSOC module in the hybrid system. The results show that the required Li-ion battery thermoelectric safety and RSOC hydrogen consumption/production requirements can be met using the proposed controller, leading to a hybrid system with high stability control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. State-of-the-Art and Recent Advances in the Abatement of Gaseous Pollutants from Waste-to-Energy.
- Author
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Schiavon, Marco, Ravina, Marco, Zanetti, Mariachiara, and Panepinto, Deborah
- Subjects
INTEGRATED waste management ,INCINERATION ,AIR pollution control ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,POLLUTANTS ,AIR pollutants - Abstract
Despite their key role in integrated waste management, direct (incineration) and indirect (gasification/pyrolysis) waste combustion processes are still opposed by some of the general public due to the past emission levels of air pollutants. In fact, although the release of air pollutants (especially dioxin) to the atmosphere from waste combustion processes has gradually decreased over the years, thanks to the introduction of stricter regulations and more advanced removal technologies, there is still an unsolved problem regarding the public acceptance of waste-to-energy facilities. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art air pollution control (APC) technologies used in waste combustion facilities. Air pollution control technologies are designed to reduce or eliminate the emissions of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. These technologies are important for safeguarding public health, protecting ecosystems, complying with regulations, and promoting a more sustainable and resilient future for both local and global communities. This paper will highlight the complexity behind emission control and the efforts made by this sector over the years. This paper will also propose suggested configurations based on the interactions/complementarity between different APC technologies and recent findings to improve their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Paper Industry Study Anticipates Adverse Economic Impacts of Pollution Control Costs
- Subjects
- *
AIR pollution , *ECONOMICS , *PAPER industry - Published
- 1975
17. Study on carbon emission characteristics and its influencing factors of energy consumption in Sichuan Province, China.
- Author
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Qiaochu Li, Junhua Chen, and Peng Zhang
- Subjects
RESOURCE exploitation ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,GLOBAL warming ,AIR pollution control ,BASELINE emissions ,EMISSION inventories ,INDUSTRIAL energy consumption - Abstract
This document is a list of academic articles and research papers related to carbon emissions and their effects. The articles cover various topics such as the analysis of carbon emissions in different regions, the driving factors of carbon emissions, and the impact of carbon emissions on the environment. The articles provide valuable insights into the complex issue of carbon emissions and can be useful for library patrons conducting research on this topic. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Enhancing Air Quality Prediction with an Adaptive PSO-Optimized CNN-Bi-LSTM Model.
- Author
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Zhu, Xuguang, Zou, Feifei, and Li, Shanghai
- Subjects
AIR pollution prevention ,AIR pollution control ,AIR quality ,PREDICTION models - Abstract
Effective air quality prediction models are crucial for the timely prevention and control of air pollution. However, previous models often fail to fully consider air quality's temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. In this study, Xi'an City is used as the study area. Data from 1 January 2019 to 31 October 2020 are used as the training set, while data from 1 November 2020 to 31 December 2020 are used as the test set. This paper proposes a multi-time and multi-site air quality prediction model for Xi'an, leveraging a deep learning network model based on APSO-CNN-Bi-LSTM. The CNN model extracts the spatial features of the input data, the Bi-LSTM model extracts the time series features, and the PSO algorithm with adaptive inertia weight (APSO) optimizes the model's hyperparameters. The results show that the model achieves the best results in terms of MAE and RMSE. Compared to the PSO-SVR, BPTT, CNN-LSTM, and GA-ACO-BP models, the MAE improved by 9.375%, 6.667%, 2.276%, and 4.975%, while the RMSE improved by 8.371%, 8.217%, 6.327%, and 5.293%. These significant improvements highlight the model's accuracy and its promising application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Earthquake Risk Assessment in Seismically Active Areas of Qinghai Province Based on Geographic Big Data.
- Author
-
Zhang, Zhouping, Kang, Junmei, Wang, Jun, Fang, Dengmao, and Liu, Yang
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,LANDSLIDES ,PHYSIOGRAPHIC provinces ,EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis ,AIR pollution control ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,PARTICULATE matter ,RISK assessment - Abstract
Earthquakes can cause serious damage to buildings, roads and other infrastructure. The large amount of dust and particulate matter generated when these structures collapse and are damaged can quickly enter the air, leading to a decline in air quality. At the same time, earthquakes may cause secondary disasters such as fires and landslides, which will also produce large amounts of soot and particulate matter, which will have a negative impact on air quality. Therefore, earthquake disaster risk assessment studies are carried out to identify potentially hazardous areas and facilities in advance in order to reduce the air pollution problems that may be caused by earthquakes. Existing research on earthquake disaster risk assessment mainly evaluates earthquake risk from the perspective of geology or seismology, but there are few studies based on multidisciplinary assessment that integrates geology, seismology, engineering and social sciences into socioeconomic factors. To this end, based on remote sensing and GIS technology, this paper takes Qinghai Province, a seismically active area, as the research area, and integrates land use data, natural environment data, social environment data and seismic parameter zoning data to construct a comprehensive assessment model for earthquake disaster vulnerability and risk. The results showed that there were 5 very high-risk areas, 7 high-risk areas, 10 medium-risk areas, 11 low-risk areas and 12 very low-risk areas in Qinghai Province. The high-risk areas are mainly distributed in the central and western parts of Qinghai Province, where the earthquake breeding environment is sufficient, the scale of active faults is huge and the adaptability of the carrier is low. The results of an earthquake disaster risk assessment can provide a reference for the government to formulate environmental protection policies. According to the assessment results, the government can formulate targeted measures to strengthen air pollution control and improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Unveiling Trends and Hotspots in Air Pollution Control: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
-
Chen, Jing, Chen, Qinghai, Hu, Lin, Yang, Tingting, Yi, Chuangjian, and Zhou, Yingtang
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,HOT spots (Pollution) ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,AIR pollution ,AIR analysis - Abstract
With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, air pollution has become an increasingly serious threat to public health. Strengthening the detection and control of pollutants has become a focal point in current society. In light of the increasing amount of literature in the field of air pollution control with every passing year, numerous reviews have been compiled; however, only a limited number employ bibliometric methods to comprehensively review and summarize research trends in this field. Herein, this study utilizes two bibliometric analysis tools, namely, CiteSpace (6.1.R6) and VOSviewer (1.6.20), to conduct a visual and comprehensive analysis of air pollution literature spanning 2000 to 2023. By doing so, it establishes a knowledge framework for research on air pollution control. Simultaneously, collaborative network analysis, reference co-citation network analysis, keyword co-occurrence network analysis, and keyword prominence are employed to undertake an exhaustive and profound visual examination within this domain. Results indicate that, over time, the number of relevant papers has exponentially increased, while interdisciplinary cooperation trends have gradually formed. Additionally, this study describes key areas of current research, including air pollution control residue treatment, regional joint air pollution control, and air pollution control mechanism analysis. Finally, challenges faced by researchers in this field and their different perspectives are discussed. To better integrate research findings on air pollution control, we explore the correlations among data and systematically present their developmental trends. This confirms the interdisciplinary nature of air pollution control research, in the hope of its guiding air pollution control in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Routine sulphur dioxide surveys around large moder power stations I--Summary paper
- Author
-
Spurr, G. and Clarke, A. J.
- Subjects
AIR pollution - Published
- 1976
22. Research on PM2.5 Concentration Prediction Based on the CE-AGA-LSTM Model.
- Author
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Wu, Xiaoxuan, Zhang, Chen, Zhu, Jun, and Zhang, Xin
- Subjects
AIR pollution prevention ,AIR pollutants ,AIR pollution control ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,PREDICTION models ,AIR pollution - Abstract
The PM2.5 index is an important basis for measuring the degree of air pollution. The accurate prediction of PM2.5 concentration has an important guiding role in air pollution prevention and control. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) is a common index used to mine the correlation between meteorological factors and other air pollutants. However, this index cannot be used to mine non-linear correlations, nor can it quantitatively analyze the weight of each related attribute. In order to accurately explore the correlation between meteorological factors and other air pollutants and to achieve an accurate prediction of PM2.5 concentration, this paper proposes a short- and long-time memory (LSTM) network prediction model based on Copula entropy (CE) and the adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). By calculating CE, the correlation between multiple meteorological factors and various atmospheric pollutants and PM2.5 was analyzed. The correlation of influencing factors was sorted according to the size of the correlation coefficients. The contribution rate of meteorological factors and atmospheric pollutants to PM2.5 concentration was determined, used as the weight of each influencing factor and predicted as the input data of the prediction model. In this paper, a long- and short-term memory network (LSTM) suitable for time series data was selected as the prediction model, while the selection of model parameters was taken into account, and the relevant parameters were sought by an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). The air pollutant data and meteorological data of Beijing from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 were selected, and MAE and RMSE were used as evaluation indexes. By comparing the experimental results of the CE-AGA-LSTM with those of other eight prediction models (LR, SVM, RF, ARMA, ST-LSTM, LSTM, CE-LSTM and CE-RNN), we found that among the models, the CE-AGA-LSTM model provided the lowest MAE and RMSE values, i.e., 14.5 and 21.88, respectively. At the same time, the loss rate and accuracy of the CE-AGA-LSTM model were evaluated, and the experimental results verified the validity of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. To green or to work: the labor demand reduction effect of green finance.
- Author
-
Xu, Junbing, Li, Jiaxuan, Nie, Debo, and Shen, Xiaoyuan
- Subjects
LABOR demand ,AIR pollution control ,CREDIT control ,GOVERNMENT business enterprises ,ENERGY consumption ,ENVIRONMENTAL reporting - Abstract
China's economic growth miracle of the past decades has been accompanied by a massive increase in fossil fuel consumption and severe environmental pollution. To control air pollution, China is implementing some green finance policies. Although they have improved the air quality, it is little known whether and how green finance affects the firm labor demand. Taking the 2012 Chinese green credit policy (GCP) as an exogenous setting, this paper adopts the difference-in-difference (DID) method to investigate the effect of green finance on firm labor demand based on A-share listed firms covering 2007–2017. We find that green finance had a significant negative impact on firm labor demand. Specifically, the high-polluting firms with stricter green finance constraints would reduce firm employment by 4.8%. This effect is especially prominent when firms are state-owned enterprises (SOEs) or workers are low-skilled employees. Further evidence indicates that there are the Compliance Cost Hypothesis and Porter Hypothesis in China. In these two effects, the effect of CCH dominates, so the overall effect of green finance is detrimental to corporate performance, which in turn leads to lower corporate employment. Our paper provides the real effect of green finance from the firm labor market. And this paper has strong policy recommendations that the government should reconcile the relationship between air pollution control and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Monitoring of PAHs (Fluoranthene and Benzo(a)Anthracene) in Ambient Air of Ghaziabad Area of National Capital Region and Control of Air Pollution by Triveni Wood.
- Author
-
Rani, Nidhi
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,ANTHRACENE ,FLUORANTHENE ,POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons ,POLLUTION prevention ,COASTAL sediments - Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the impacts of Fluoranthene and Benzo (a) Anthracene PAHs pollutants on the health of peoples residing in Ghaziabad area of National Capital Region. This paper gives some relevant reactions of Triveni wood in Yagya process for control of air pollution. Practical work was carried for a duration of approx. 2 years. Sampling of Fluoranthene and Benzo (a) Anthracene PAHs was carried on every fortnight and data was collected. The present study is very useful to regulatory authorities and administration to understand problems of air pollution in the concerning areas and helpful in prevention of Air Pollution. In Ghaziabad City, the sampling locations were selected based on land used pattern, i.e., residential area, commercial and industrial area during four seasons viz. summer, Monsoon, Post monsoon and Winter. Fluoranthene and Benzo (a) Anthracene level and their variation were observed during these seasons. The result of concentration of Fluoranthene and Benzo (a) Anthracene is minimum in Govindpuram residential area of Ghaziabad and maximum concentration observed in Sahibabad industrial area, which shown in Figure 1 (Results and Discussion) in year Jan 2016–Dec 2017. The conclusion of this study is that the concentration of Benzo(a)anthracene (110.1 ng/m
3 ) found greater than Fluoranthene (98.8 ng/m3 ) in all sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. AIR POLLUTION, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND LIVELIHOODS: PATTERNS OF COOKING FUEL USE AMONG WASTE PICKER HOUSEHOLDS IN DELHI.
- Author
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Luthra, Aman, Chaturvedi, Bharati, and Mukhopadhyay, Srijon
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,INDOOR air pollution ,WASTE management ,AIR pollution control ,RAGPICKERS - Abstract
While the problem of Delhi's air pollution is well recognized, as is the class bias of the judiciary in targeting certain sources of air pollution over others, what is less will understood are the unintended consequences of air pollution interventions on indoor and outdoor air quality. This paper shows how the National Green Tribunal has targeted one source of air pollution in recommending waste-to-energy technologies that deprive waste pickers of their livelihoods. The pandemic-related lockdown provides an opportunity to assess the impacts of livelihood deprivation on fuel use. Using data collected from surveys of waste pickers, this paper shows that decreases in income are related to an increase in reliance on solid fuels. Therefore, we argue that air pollution interventions designed to control air pollution from poor waste management have the unintended consequence of increasing air pollution from a different source (biomass burning for cooking) that specifically impacts waste pickers by increasing their exposure to indoor air pollution, while also undermining the government's urban air pollution mitigation efforts overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. InMAP: a new model for air pollution interventions.
- Author
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Tessum, C. W., Hill, J. D., and Marshall, J. D.
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,AIR quality ,EULERIAN graphs - Abstract
Mechanistic air pollution models are essential tools in air quality management. Widespread use of such models is hindered, however, by the extensive expertise or computational resources needed to run most models. Here, we present InMAP (Intervention Model for Air Pollution), which offers an alternative to comprehensive air quality models for estimating the air pollution health impacts of emission reductions and other potential interventions. InMAP estimates annual-average changes in primary and secondary fine particle (PM
2.5 ) concentrations - the air pollution outcome generally causing the largest monetized health damages - attributable to annual changes in precursor emissions. InMAP leverages pre-processed physical and chemical information from the output of a state-of-the-science chemical transport model (WRF-Chem) within an Eulerian modeling framework, to perform simulations that are several orders of magnitude less computationally intensive than comprehensive model simulations. InMAP uses a variable resolution grid that focuses on human exposures by employing higher spatial resolution in urban areas and lower spatial resolution in rural and remote locations and in the upper atmosphere; and by directly calculating steady-state, annual average concentrations. In comparisons run here, InMAP recreates WRF-Chem predictions of changes in total PM2.5 concentrations with population-weighted mean fractional error (MFE) and bias (MFB)< 10% and population-weighted R² ≈ 0.99. Among individual PM2.5 species, the best predictive performance is for primary PM2.5 (MFE: 16%; MFB: 13%) and the worst predictive performance is for particulate nitrate (MFE: 119%; MFB: 106%). Potential uses of InMAP include studying exposure, health, and environmental justice impacts of potential shifts in emissions for annual-average PM2.5. Features planned for future model releases include a larger spatial domain, more temporal information, and the ability to predict ground-level ozone (O3 ) concentrations. The InMAP model source code and input data are freely available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. More air pollution control, less industrial land leasing? Empirical evidence from microland transactions.
- Author
-
Wu, Zengming and Zhu, Mengnan
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,INDUSTRIAL pollution ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,LAND resource ,PRESSURE control - Abstract
Based on the perspective of environmental protection incentives, this paper discusses the influence of air pollution control on industrial land leasing behavior theoretically and empirically. Air pollution control significantly inhibits the behavior of industrial land leasing, and the results are still robust after taking into account the robustness checks. Environmental protection incentives are key mechanisms for air pollution control that affects industrial land leasing. Heterogeneity tests show that the effect of air pollution control on land resource allocation varies with different regional pollution control pressure, environmental regulation intensity, and industrial pollution degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Brazilian Atmospheric Inventories – BRAIN: a comprehensive database of air quality in Brazil.
- Author
-
Hoinaski, Leonardo, Will, Robson, and Ribeiro, Camilo Bastos
- Subjects
EMISSION inventories ,AIR quality ,AIR quality monitoring stations ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,AIR pollution control ,DATABASES ,WILDFIRES ,FOREST fires - Abstract
Developing air quality management systems to control the impacts of air pollution requires reliable data. However, current initiatives do not provide datasets with large spatial and temporal resolutions for developing air pollution policies in Brazil. Here, we introduce the Brazilian Atmospheric Inventories (BRAIN), the first comprehensive database of air quality and its drivers in Brazil. BRAIN encompasses hourly datasets of meteorology, emissions, and air quality. The emissions dataset includes vehicular emissions derived from the Brazilian Vehicular Emissions Inventory Software (BRAVES), industrial emissions produced with local data from the Brazilian environmental agencies, biomass burning emissions from FINN – Fire INventory from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and biogenic emissions from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) (10.57760/sciencedb.09858, Hoinaski et al., 2023a; 10.57760/sciencedb.09886, Hoinaski et al., 2023b). The meteorology dataset has been derived from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) (10.57760/sciencedb.09857, Hoinaski and Will, 2023a; 10.57760/sciencedb.09885, Hoinaski and Will, 2023c). The air quality dataset contains the surface concentration of 216 air pollutants produced from coupling meteorological and emissions datasets with the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) (10.57760/sciencedb.09859, Hoinaski and Will, 2023b; 10.57760/sciencedb.09884, Hoinaski and Will, 2023d). We provide gridded data in two domains, one covering the Brazilian territory with 20×20 km spatial resolution and another covering southern Brazil with 4×4 km spatial resolution. This paper describes how the datasets were produced, their limitations, and their spatiotemporal features. To evaluate the quality of the database, we compare the air quality dataset with 244 air quality monitoring stations, providing the model's performance for each pollutant measured by the monitoring stations. We present a sample of the spatial variability of emissions, meteorology, and air quality in Brazil from 2019, revealing the hotspots of emissions and air pollution issues. By making BRAIN publicly available, we aim to provide the required data for developing air quality policies on municipal and state scales, especially for under-developed and data-scarce municipalities. We also envision that BRAIN has the potential to create new insights into and opportunities for air pollution research in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. CONTEMPORARY PLANETARY GEARBOXES AND THEIR CALCULATION.
- Author
-
Vrcan, Željko, Tica, Milan, Troha, Sanjin, Marković, Kristina, and Milutinović, Miroslav
- Subjects
GEARBOXES ,AIR pollution control ,PLANETARY gearing ,TORQUE ,SYNCHRONIC order - Abstract
The increased demands for driver comfort and stringent pollution control measures have resulted in a revival of planetary gearboxes for road applications, due to their possibility to change the transmission ratio under load in synchronism with engine operation. Modern boxes provide as many transmission ratios as possible from the least possible number of simple component planetary gear trains (PGTs) by providing links between elements of multiple component PGTs. The application conditions decide to prioritize either the maximum number of transmission ratios, or ruggedness and reliability. Power circulation, hollow shafts, or complex planet carrier arrangements are avoided if possible. This paper deals with multispeed complex PGTs composed of at least two interconnected simple component PGTs controlled by brakes and clutches. Several variants of complex PGTs and the placement of brakes and clutches on external shafts of the gear trains are examined, and the transmission ratio functions derived. The kinematics of multi speed gear trains are obtained as combinations of two or more two-speed gear trains. An analysis of several contemporary gearbox layouts is provided together with the transmission ratio functions, together with an overview of the procedure for the calculation of creation of multi-speed gear trains is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Comparison of Air Pollutants during the Two COVID-19 Lockdown Periods in Winter 2019 and Spring 2022 in Shanghai, China.
- Author
-
Li, Yingxuan, Yang, Yanrong, and Zhang, Leying
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,SPRING ,AIR pollutants ,AIR pollution control ,AIR pollution prevention - Abstract
During the winter of 2019, the global outbreak of COVID-19 prompted extensive research on urban air pollution under lockdown measures. However, these studies predominantly focused on winter conditions, thereby limiting investigations into changes in urban air pollutants during other seasons that were also subject to lockdown restrictions. Shanghai, China, has undergone two COVID-19 lockdown periods in two seasons: winter 2019 and spring 2022. The seasonal variations and human activities were represented by meteorological factors and nighttime light brightness in this paper, respectively. The reduction in human-related emissions during the two lockdown periods was estimated based on the targets outlined in China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. The results showed significant reductions in NO
2 and PM particles during the two lockdown periods, both accompanied by a notable increase in O3 concentration. In comparison to the winter lockdown, there was an approximate 40% decrease in the NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations in the spring, while the O3 concentration exhibited an increase of 48.81%. Furthermore, due to shifting wind patterns during the two lockdowns from winter to spring, the high-pollution core areas shifted 20–25 km southeastward in the spring. The PM particles and NO2 concentrations exhibited a considerable impact from human activities, whereas the O3 concentration was affected mostly by seasonal change and interactions among air pollutants. Compared to the corresponding non-lockdown condition, the concentration of CO decreased during the winter lockdown; however, it increased during the spring lockdown. The different change in CO concentration during the two lockdown periods was found to have a lower effect on the O3 concentration than that caused by changes in meteorological factors and nitrogen oxide (NO, NO2 ) concentrations. In summary, the impact of COVID-19 lockdown periods on urban air pollutants was more pronounced in spring compared to winter, and the interactions among air pollutants also underwent alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Correlations between Urban Morphological Indicators and PM 2.5 Pollution at Street-Level: Implications on Urban Spatial Optimization.
- Author
-
Wang, Yiwen, Dai, Xiaoyan, Gong, Deming, Zhou, Liguo, Zhang, Hao, and Ma, Weichun
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,STREETS ,POLLUTION ,PARTICULATE matter ,URBAN health ,MINE ventilation ,THEMATIC maps ,ECOLOGICAL risk assessment - Abstract
During rapid urbanization, microclimate environment deterioration through events such as haze pollution and heat waves has continuously occurred in cities, which greatly affects the living environment, production activities, and health of urban residents. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to explore methods for controlling and optimizing the urban microclimate environment. In this paper, based on the mechanism of the effect of urban spatial structure at street-level on the distribution of atmospheric particulate matter, an indicator system that can be employed to comprehensively describe and quantify urban morphological structure at street-level was constructed from eight aspects: the spatial morphology of street-valleys, intensity of land use and development, geometric structure of buildings, inhomogeneity of buildings, roughness of the underlying surface, distribution of ecological landscapes, 3D architectural landscape morphology, and ventilation potential. Furthermore, using satellite remote sensing images and vector thematic maps of Shanghai, indicator factors were quantified by applying GIS technique. The intrinsic mechanism of the influence of the urban morphology on the diffusion and transport of atmospheric particulate matter was comprehensively analyzed by combining statistical methods and data mining algorithm, and eight key dominant factors were identified that can be considered to improve the urban ventilation conditions and help control urban air pollution, namely, the land use intensity, urban canopy resistance, vegetation cover, spatial congestion rate, comprehensive porosity, height-to-gross floor area ratio, building density, and average building volume ratio. As such, according to the quantitative analysis results for various combinations of the dominant factors, a spatial optimization strategy at street-level that can help improve the urban air quality was proposed in terms of identifying the pathways through which urban spatial elements affect the distribution of particulate matter, i.e., controlling the source–flow diversion–flow convergence process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the "Air Pollution Complex".
- Author
-
Zhu, Tong, Tang, Mingjin, Gao, Meng, Bi, Xinhui, Cao, Junji, Che, Huizheng, Chen, Jianmin, Ding, Aijun, Fu, Pingqing, Gao, Jian, Gao, Yang, Ge, Maofa, Ge, Xinlei, Han, Zhiwei, He, Hong, Huang, Ru-Jin, Huang, Xin, Liao, Hong, Liu, Cheng, and Liu, Huan
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC chemistry ,LOW-income countries ,AIR pollution ,AIR pollution control ,CAREER development ,EMISSION inventories - Abstract
Copyright of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Spatial association network of PM2.5 and its influencing factors in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration.
- Author
-
Wang, Huiping and Ge, Qi
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,CITIES & towns ,SOCIAL network analysis ,GRAVITY model (Social sciences) - Abstract
In this paper, we empirically study the spatial association network of PM
2.5 and the factors influencing those correlations using the gravity model, social network analysis (SNA), and the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) based on data from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA) in China from 2005 to 2018. We draw the following conclusions. First, the spatial association network of PM2.5 exhibits relatively typical network structure characteristics: the network density and network correlations are highly sensitive to efforts to control air pollution, and there are obvious spatial correlations within the network. Second, cities in the center of the BTHUA have large network centrality values, while cities in the peripheral region have small centrality values. Tianjin is a core city in the network, and the spillover effect of PM2.5 pollution in Shijiazhuang and Hengshui is the most noticeable. Third, the 14 cities can be divided into four plates, with each plate having obvious geographical location characteristics and linkage effects. The cities in the association network are divided into three tiers. Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang are located in the first tier, and a considerable number of PM2.5 connections are completed through these cities. Fourth, differences in geographical distance and urbanization are the main drivers of the spatial correlations of PM2.5 . The greater the urbanization differences, the more likely the generation of PM2.5 links is, while the opposite is true for differences in geographical distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Role of short-term campaigns and long-term mechanisms for air pollution control: lessons learned from the “2 + 26” city cluster in China
- Author
-
Zhu, Xiao, Zhu, Rixin, Ding, Lin, and Gong, Yazhen
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. ANDRITZ to Supply Equipment for Power and Recovery Boiler Conversions to Domtar.
- Subjects
POWER boilers ,PAPER mills ,AIR pollution control - Published
- 2021
36. Use of lead sensitive test papers for vehicle inspections
- Author
-
McKee, H. C.
- Subjects
- *
AIR pollution - Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Fourth International Clean Air Congress--Call for Papers
- Subjects
- *
MEETINGS , *AIR pollution - Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Hot Topics, Frontiers and Trends about Research on the Relationship between Air Pollution and Public Health—Visual Analysis Based on Knowledge Map.
- Author
-
Gao, Yu, You, Shibing, Xu, Yiping, and Wang, Na
- Subjects
CLIMATE change & health ,AIR pollution ,AIR pollution control ,INDOOR air pollution ,AIR pollutants ,GLOBAL burden of disease - Abstract
It is of great practical significance to analyze the hot issues, research frontiers, and trends concerning the relationship between air pollution and public health and to adopt reasonable strategies to control air pollution and prevent health hazards for follow-up research in this field. Unlike traditional literature reviews, this paper adopts a visual, flexible, and scientifically systematic approach to the analysis, which makes these analysis results more intuitive and comprehensive. Based on the core collection of the Web of Science and CNKI databases, this paper uses CiteSpace software to draw and comment on the maps of Chinese and English keywords, publishing time, author, country, and research institutions in this field. The results show the following: (1) The number of studies on the relationship between air pollution and health has increased year by year; researchers have formed sub cooperation networks, and the trend of cooperation and exchange has become more and more obvious in recent years; the impact of air pollution on health is a hot topic in the world. (2) Research hot topics mainly focus on the selection of air pollutants, health economic consequences of air pollution and the global burden of disease it causes, health indicators, research samples, which are gradually being refined, the synergistic governance of air pollution, and climate change. (3) The analysis of research frontiers and trends reveals that, first, the study of air pollutants in the English literature has undergone a refinement from nitrogen dioxide to fine particulate matter, and the sources of air pollutants in the Chinese literature have undergone changes in the petrochemical industry, indoor formaldehyde pollution, and haze. Second, atmospheric pollution has a significant negative impact on health, increasing the incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and even causing death. Third, sustained exposure to pollution then causes greater damage to health and will be a key direction for future research. Fourth, the literature not only studies the correlation but also emphasizes the causal inference between air pollution and health and measures the economic costs associated with health. Finally, air pollution and climate change need to be governed synergistically. The article points out that the three areas of sustained pollution exposure, indirect consequences of negative health effects of air pollution, and air pollution and climate change may be the future focus of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The selection and maintenance of valves for the control of fugitive emissions
- Author
-
Dresch, C [NIBCO Inc., Elkhart, IN (United States)]
- Published
- 1994
40. An overview of 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments as related to engineering and maintenance aspects
- Author
-
Mehta, Y [Brown and Root, Inc., Houston, TX (United States)]
- Published
- 1994
41. Frontiers in air quality modelling.
- Author
-
Colette, A., Bessagnet, B., Meleux, F., and Rouïl, L.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC chemistry ,MATHEMATICAL models of air quality ,AIR pollution control ,AIR pollution ,SMOKE plumes ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
The first pan-European kilometre-scale atmospheric chemistry simulation is introduced. The continental-scale air pollution episode of January 2009 is modelled with the CHIMERE offline chemistry-transport model with a massive grid of 2 million horizontal points, performed on 2000 CPU of a high performance computing system hosted by the Research and Technology Computing Center at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CCRT/CEA). Besides the technical challenge, we find that model biases are significantly reduced, especially over urban areas. The high resolution grid also allows revisiting the contribution of individual city plumes to the European burden of pollution, providing new insights for designing air pollution control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Avoiding total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions from sodium sulfite pulping recovery processes
- Author
-
Ciriacks, J [Engineered Systems International, Appleton, WI (US)]
- Published
- 1990
43. A multi-graph spatial-temporal attention network for air-quality prediction.
- Author
-
Chen, Xiaoxia, Hu, Yue, Dong, Fangyan, Chen, Kewei, and Xia, Hanzhong
- Subjects
- *
MULTIGRAPH , *AIR pollution control , *TIME-varying networks , *AIR quality , *AIR pollution - Abstract
Air pollution poses a grave threat to human health and everyday life. Accurate air-quality prediction plays a crucial role in effectively preventing and controlling air pollution. A multi-graph spatial-temporal attention network is proposed to predict the air quality in a given area by analyzing the interconnections between stations and the individual characteristics of each station. Firstly, this paper constructs multi-scale spatial-temporal graphs from spatial and temporal perspectives to effectively capture the interconnections between stations, thereby comprehensively understanding the spatial-temporal relationships among them. Secondly, incorporating the nonlinear temporal correlation of station data, this paper proposes a temporal multi-graph attention-fusion module to integrate information from both neighboring stations and the station itself. Finally, predictions are made using a spatial-temporal graph network. The experiments in this paper were based on air-quality data from Beijing and Tianjin, and the following experimental results were obtained. (1) The proposed model outperforms the baselines significantly in both single-step and multi-step prediction tasks. (2) The ablation study confirms that the graph constructed in this paper contributes to improving the performance of the model. (3) Comparing the performance of attention components, the proposed attention mechanism exhibits better performance than other attention mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Design and Characterization of an Upscaled Dielectric Barrier Discharge-Based Ten-Layer Plasma Source for High-Flow-Rate Gas Treatment.
- Author
-
Xu, Mao, Mori, Yuito, Liu, Zhizhi, Fukuyama, Yohei, Sumiya, Yuki, Zhan, Tianzhuo, and Okino, Akitoshi
- Subjects
INDOOR air pollution ,PLASMA sources ,PLASMA flow ,AIR pollution control ,PROCESS capability ,COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics ,AIR pollutants - Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based technology is considered a promising alternative for controlling indoor air pollutants. However, its limited processing capacity and lack of design techniques have restricted its use in practical applications. This paper introduces a methodology for designing upscaled DBD reactors with a processing capacity of up to 1000 L/min for treating high-flow-rate gases to mitigate indoor air pollution. A ten-layer high-flow-rate DBD reactor was constructed, with fundamental characterizations, including electrical and spectroscopic measurements, conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed methodology. In particular, the flow paths of the ten-layer DBD reactor were optimized by incorporating an air diffuser and perforated metal plates, all without significant modifications. Computational fluid dynamics simulations showed a remarkably improved velocity uniformity (0.35 m/s to 0.04 m/s, as evidenced by the velocity standard deviation) in the 10 flow channels. These simulation results were consistent with the experimental results, wherein the velocity standard deviation reduced from 1.38 m/s to 0.13 m/s. Moreover, multi-gas plasma ignition for up to six gas species and high-flow-rate plasma generation of up to 1000 L/min were achieved. These results provide the foundation for developing DBD technologies for practical applications in high-flow-rate gas treatment, particularly for controlling indoor air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Accounting for the importance of psychological distance in assessing public preferences for air quality improvement policies: an application of the integrated choice and latent variable model.
- Author
-
Wei, Yuehua, Mao, Biqi, Xu, Lishan, and Ao, Changlin
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL distance ,LATENT variables ,AIR pollution control ,AIR quality ,AIR pollution ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,WILLINGNESS to pay - Abstract
Assessing public preferences for air pollution control is essential to achieving effective air quality improvement, but the internal psychological factors affecting public preferences, especially psychological distance (PD), have only received limited attention. Therefore, this paper explores the role of PD in assessing public preferences for air quality improvement policies. Compared with previous studies that consider psychological factors in the choice model, this study incorporates PD into the choice model as a latent variable by considering both individual responses to measurement questions and socio-economic characteristics in the integrated choice and latent variable model. The results of this study clearly show that PD significantly affects public preferences for air quality improvement policies. Respondents with close PD had obvious preferences for air quality improvement, while those with distant PD were satisfied with the current situation and reluctant to improve it. After considering PD in the analysis, respondents' willingness to pay for one-unit level change of attributes "heavily polluted days," "good air days," "mortality," and "policy postponement" were respectively 10.3791CNY, 10.9005CNY, 11.0427CNY, 28.3412CNY per year. In addition, the paper also found men and respondents with lower levels of education and higher monthly incomes tended to view air pollution as psychologically distant and thus less willing to improve air quality. It is suggested that policy makers should reduce the PD of air pollution among these people by increasing publicity about the hazards of air pollution. This study not only contributes to the literature on the importance of PD in assessing individual preferences, but also provides constructive guidance for policy makers to assess the public's acceptability of air quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The effectiveness of traffic and production restrictions on urban air quality: A rare opportunity for investigation.
- Author
-
Chen, Yiqing, Wang, Deyun, ElAmraoui, Adnen, Guo, Haixiang, and Ke, Xiaoling
- Subjects
TRAFFIC regulations ,AIR quality ,AIR pollution control ,REGRESSION discontinuity design ,AIR pollutants ,COVID-19 pandemic ,AIR pollution - Abstract
Traffic and production restrictions are two important emergency measures for controlling urban air pollution. The lockdown policies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic period are nearly equivalent to the policies of traffic and production restriction, which provides a rare opportunity to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of these emergency measures. Taking Wuhan, China as the study area, this paper firstly verified the changes in six air pollutants and analyzed their change rules in different lockdown periods using statistical methods. Then the structural breakpoints in air pollutants were detected via regression discontinuity design model. To comprehensively understand the effects of restrictions on air pollution, the influences of meteorological conditions on air pollution were also investigated. The results illustrated that the concentrations of PM
2.5 , PM10 and NO2 decreased significantly during lockdown period. By comparing with the RDD coefficients of PM2.5 (−34.46), PM10 (−37.11) and NO2 (−19.15), the lockdown had little effect on CO (−0.32). The traffic and production restrictions had no apparent effects on SO2 . Although O3 showed an increasing trend, the increase was not limited to the lockdown period, meaning that the traffic and production restrictions had less effect on the increasing trend of O3 concentration. Moreover, the structural breakpoints were verified in four air pollutants (PM2.5 , PM10 , NO2 , and CO), and the structural breakpoints were caused by lockdown instead of the Spring Festival. The results also indicated that the meteorological conditions were not the main reasons for the changes in air pollutants during the lockdown period. This paper reveals how the traffic and production restrictions affect urban air pollution and provides a strong implementation basis for the air pollution control policy. Implications: The traffic and production restrictions are two important emergency measures for controlling heavy urban air pollution. However, these two measures have never been implemented in a large area like a city for a long enough period, so the effectiveness of these two measures has never been estimated quantitatively at a city level. The lockdown policies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic are nearly equivalent to the policies of traffic and production restriction, which provides a rare opportunity to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of these emergency measures. Thus, this study measured the effectiveness of production and traffic restrictions on different air pollutants. This study provides the following implications: (1) the dominant factors for air pollution changes during the lockdown are traffic and production restriction instead of meteorological conditions; (2) the production and traffic restriction policies are effective for reducing concentrations of PM2.5 , PM10 and NO2 , while having less effect on O3 and CO concentrations; (3) the sharp changes in air pollutants in 2020 are unlikely to be caused by the Spring Festival. These findings are crucial for making more comprehensive policies for protecting urban air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Research on the strategic interaction of China's regional air pollution regulation: spatial interpretation of "incomplete implementation" of regulatory policies.
- Author
-
Song, Yan, Zhang, Xiao, and Zhang, Ming
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,AIR pollution control ,PANEL analysis ,KEY performance indicators (Management) - Abstract
Research on the current strategic interaction of local governments in air pollution control is a key breakthrough. Based on the theory of Chinese style decentralization, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework to explain the incomplete enforcement of air pollution regulation. Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2016, this study employs spatial Durbin model, empirically tested the inter-regional strategic interaction of air pollution regulation, and further explores the effect of performance assessment indicators on this strategic interaction. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Empirical results confirm that adjacent provinces do exist strategic interaction of air pollution regulation. Furthermore, the strategic interaction of air pollution regulation belongs to complementarities. (2) Meanwhile, from a regional perspective, due to the low level of economic development stock and the low level of air pollution, the interaction effect of air pollution regulation strategies in northwestern region is weaker than that in southeastern region. (3) In addition, under the national sample and the southeast sample, the air environment performance assessment indicators weaken the inter-regional strategic interaction of air pollution regulation, and economic performance assessment indicators on the contrary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. State of the Art Emission Inventory and Their Application: Literature review.
- Author
-
Lavrič, Petra Dolšak, Kukec, Andreja, and Žabkar, Rahela
- Subjects
EMISSION inventories ,LITERATURE reviews ,AIR pollution control ,AIR pollution ,AIR quality - Abstract
Currently, the complex bottom-up emissions inventories are in rise. Its development is essential for both understanding the sources of air pollution and designing effective air pollution control measures. Anyway, the main challenge to get the most reliable emissions evidence is the variety of contributing sources, the complexity of the technology mix and the lack of reliable emission factors. The input data bases are improving constantly, by more reliable statistics and survey-based data. Our study reveals the strengths and deficiency of currently published scientific papers on the topic of emission inventory. With that purpose, 40 crucial scientific papers were selected. We first highlight the period and geographic region, when and where the inventories were made for. We then summarize the sector-based estimates of emissions of different species contained by SNAP sectors in selected inventories. Additionally, the resolution of inventories is analysed. Finally, the last section summarizing common ways of assessing and validating inventories and their main purpose. This review shows that there is still a lot of chance to improve emissions inventories in a way to develop input data and emission factors for different technologies and activities or to develop inventories on fine grids. Those efforts will give us wider knowledge about pollution sources and will lead to accepted better air quality policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The evolutionary mechanism of haze collaborative governance: novel evidence from a tripartite evolutionary game model and a case study in China.
- Author
-
Zhang, Zhenhua, Zhang, Guoxing, Hu, Yi, Jiang, Yating, Zhou, Cheng, and Ma, Jiahui
- Subjects
EVOLUTIONARY models ,HAZE ,AIR pollution control ,ENVIRONMENTAL rights ,ENVIRONMENTAL responsibility ,HAZING ,TRANSFER payments ,EDUCATIONAL accountability - Abstract
The topic of haze collaborative governance has become a hot policy issue attracting worldwide attention. However, existing studies do not pay enough attention to haze collaborative governance in the process of central environmental protection inspection (CEPI). This paper employs a tripartite evolutionary game model to explore the evolutionary mechanism of haze collaborative governance among China's central and local governments and verifies its findings further through a case study of CEPI for air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding regions. The results show that haze collaborative governance is mainly affected by the performance evaluation system, policy implementation cost, clean government construction, industrial transfer trend, fiscal subsidy, environmental inspection cost, environmental accountability, and public participation. The implementation of CEPI is conducive to haze collaborative governance among central government and local governments. To promote the full implementation of air pollution control policies, the local governments need to optimize the performance evaluation system by considering economic development and environmental protection, reduce policy implementation costs by cost-sharing, and strengthen clean government construction by preventing rent-seeking corruption. In addition, the local governments need to strengthen the coordination of cross-regional industrial development and optimize fiscal subsidies to promote ecological compensation and transfer payments. For supervising the policy implementation of local governments thoroughly, the central government needs to reduce the environmental inspection cost using the evaluation framework of cost-benefit analysis, strengthen the haze governance accountability through normalizing supervision, and broaden the public's external supervision channels. It is vital to take effective measures to carry out haze collaborative governance, providing a useful experience for developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Impact of Air Pollution on Residents' Health in China: Moderating Effect Analysis Based on a Hierarchical Linear Model.
- Author
-
Liu, Yu, Wang, Zi-Shuang, and Fang, Xin-Ge
- Subjects
AIR pollution control ,AIR pollution ,AIR pollutants ,AIR quality - Abstract
Background: Air pollution is an important factor affecting residents' health. Methods: Based on the health data of 9959 residents from 28 provinces in China in the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this paper uses a hierarchical linear model (HLM) to scientifically analyze the impact of air pollution on residents' health and to explore the moderating role of air pollution in various factors influencing residents' health. Results: Air pollution has significant negative effects on residents' health (coef. −0.103, p < 0.01), while frequency of exercise (coef. 0.070, p < 0.01), education level (coef. 0.012, p < 0.1) and income level (coef. 0.383, p < 0.01) have positive effects on residents' health. Air pollution has a negative moderating effect on the positive impact of exercise frequency on residents' health (coef. −0.015, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Air pollution causes serious damage to residents' health and it is necessary to control air pollution. Increasing residents' income, education level and exercise frequency can help improve residents' health level. Air pollution significantly reduce the positive impact of exercise frequency on residents' health. In order to effectively improve their own health, it is a better choice for residents to exercise when the air quality is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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