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The special features of some old residential complexes make reconstructing a better option than rebuilding. The complexity of redesign issues, the ability of computers to solve problems, and the capability of evolutionary optimization techniques in architecture make the use of these methods a priority over traditional processes. This paper, while introducing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as one of the swarm intelligence based algorithms, answers the question of how this algorithm can be used to redesign residential complexes. To achieve this, after reviewing the application of PSO algorithms in architectural space planning, the redesign criteria and constraints was divided into four categories; including primary design specifications, contact-related criteria, designer-related criteria and redesign-related constraints. After the quantification process of these criteria, how to implement the algorithm to achieve optimal plans for each of the five plan types available in high-rise apartment complex in Mashhad, Iran, was shown as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common method for assessing the energy potential of hydropower systems in Iran is the sequential streamflow routing with control on the energy-yield reliability. The method results in developing a reliability-based simulation (RBS) model that is used to analyze single-reservoir hydropower systems. In most of the cascade hydropower systems in the country, a single-reservoir RBS model is usually employed in the design and operation of each of the systems reservoirs. This paper presents a multireservoir RBS model considering the integrated operation of the systems. The model employs the general algorithm of the single-reservoir RBS model; however, with a single-period optimization submodel in determining releases from reservoirs during the system simulation. The objective function of the submodels minimizes the sum of reservoir releases and/or maximizes the sum of reservoir storages in each of the time periods, subject to a reliability constraint on the system’s energy yield. The single and multireservoir RBS models are applied in the Khersan hydropower system located in Iran as a case study. The multireservoir RBS, compared to the single-reservoir model, results in 7.9% excess firm-energy yield in reliability of 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the absence of either satellite ephemeris information or camera model, rational functions are introduced by many investigators as mathematical model for image to ground coordinate system transformation. The dependency of this method on many ground control points (GCPs), numerical complexity, particularly terms selection, can be regarded as the most known disadvantages of rational functions. This paper presents a mathematical solution to overcome these problems. Genetic algorithms are used as an intelligent method for optimum rational function terms selection. The results from an experimental test carried out over a test field in Iran are presented as utilizing an IKONOS Geo image. Different numbers of GCPs are fed through a variety of genetic algorithms (GAs) with different control parameter settings. Some initial constraints are introduced to make the process stable and fast. The residual errors at independent check points proved that sub-pixel accuracies can be achieved even when only seven and five GCPs are used. GAs could select rational function terms in such a way that numerical problems are avoided without the need to normalize image and ground coordinates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Suspended sediment load (SSL) estimation is a required exercise in water resource management. This article proposes the use of hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) models, for the prediction of SSL, based on previous SSL values. Different input scenarios of daily SSL were used to evaluate the capacity of the ANN-ant lion optimization (ALO), ANN-bat algorithm (BA) and ANN-particle swarm optimization (PSO). The Goorganrood basin in Iran was selected for this study. First, the lagged SSL data were used as the inputs to the models. Next, the rainfall and temperature data were used. Optimization algorithms were used to fine-tune the parameters of the ANN model. Three statistical indexes were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models: the root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). An uncertainty analysis of the predicting models was performed to evaluate the capability of the hybrid ANN models. A comparison of models indicated that the ANN-ALO improved the RMSE accuracy of the ANN-BA and ANN-PSO models by 18% and 26%, respectively. Based on the uncertainty analysis, it can be surmised that the ANN-ALO has an acceptable degree of uncertainty in predicting daily SSL. Generally, the results indicate that the ANN-ALO is applicable for a variety of water resource management operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similar to any other geophysical method, seismic refraction method faces non-uniqueness in the estimation of model parameters. Recently, different nonlinear seismic processing techniques have been introduced, particularly for seismic inversion. One of the recently developed metaheuristic algorithms is bat optimization algorithm (BA). Standard BA is usually quick at the exploitation of the solution, while its exploration ability is relatively poor. In order to improve exploration ability of BA, in the current study, a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm by inclusion a mutation operator into BA, socalled mutation based bat algorithm (MBA), is introduced to inversion of seismic refraction data. The efficiency and stability of the proposed inversion algorithm were tested on different synthetic cases. Finally, the MBA inversion algorithm was applied to a real dataset acquired from Leylanchay dam site at East-Azerbaijan province, Iran, to determine alluvium depth. Then, the performance of MBA on both synthetic and real datasets was compared with standard BA. Moreover, the dataset was further processed following a tomographic approach and the results were compared to the results of the proposed MBA inversion method. In general, the MBA inversion results were superior to standard BA inversion and results of MBA were in good agreement with available boreholes data and geological sections at the dam site. The analysis of the seismic data showed that the studied site comprises three distinct layers: a saturated alluvial, an unsaturated alluvial, and a dolomite bedrock. The measured seismic velocity across the dam site has a range of 400 to 3,500 m/s, with alluvium thickness ranging from 5 to 19 m. Findings showed that the proposed metaheuristic inversion framework is a simple, fast, and powerful tool for seismic data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing prevalence of droughts and water scarcity have increased the importance of operating dam and reservoir systems efficiently. Several methods based on algorithms have been developed in recent years in a bid to optimize water release operation policy, in order to overcome or minimize the impact of droughts. However, all of these algorithms suffer from some weaknesses or drawbacks – notably early convergence, a low rate of convergence, or trapping in local optimizations – that limit their effectiveness and efficiency in seeking to determine the global optima for the operation of water systems. Against this background, the present study seeks to introduce and test a Hybrid Algorithm (HA) which integrates the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) with the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSOA) with the goal of minimizing irrigation deficiencies in a multi-reservoir system. The proposed algorithm was tested for a specific important multi-reservoir system in Iran: namely the Golestan Dam and Voshmgir Dam system. The results showed that applying the HA could reduce average irrigation deficiencies for the Golestan Dam substantially, to only 2 million cubic meters (MCM), compared to deficiency values for the Genetic Algorithm (GA), PSOA and GSA of 15.1, 6.7 and 5.8 MCM respectively. In addition, the HA performed very efficiently, reducing substantially the computational time needed to achieve the global optimal when compared with the other algorithms tested. Furthermore, the HA showed itself capable of assuring a high volumetric reliability index (VRI) to meet the pattern of water demand downstream from the dams, as well as clearly outperforming the other algorithms on other important indices. In conclusion, the proposed HA seems to offer considerable potential as an optimizer for dam and reservoir operations world-wide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because compressed gas is a scarce and expensive resource, allocating an optimal amount of gas injection to a group of wells to increase the oil production rate is an important optimization problem in the gas lift operation. In this article, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to assign an optimum gas injection rate for each individual well. Also, a new gas lift performance curve-fit that can reduce the time and volume of the computation is suggested. Finally, the algorithm is tested on five wells in an Iranian oil field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]