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The article presents the discussion on 2023 ANZCA Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) was held on 5–9 May 2023 in Sydney, Australia.

This introduction to a special section brings together three papers first presented at a panel, 'Medical Professions in South Asia: Historical and Contemporary Analyses', at the 26th European Conference on South Asian Studies, held in Vienna, Austria and online, in July 2021. All three papers deal with aspects of the professionalisation of biomedical doctors in India since its independence in 1947. The authors bring together historical and sociological approaches to illuminate the growth of specialisms, patterns of practitioner–patient interactions and efforts to maintain occupational closure and maintain status in the face of growing challenges. The introduction concludes with a discussion of the relevance of these papers for the sociology of health and illness in India and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the 15 years, the Bio-Ontologies SIG at ISMB has provided a forum for discussion of the latest and most innovative research in the bio-ontologies development, its applications to biomedicine and more generally the organisation, presentation and dissemination of knowledge in biomedicine and the life sciences. The seven papers and the commentary selected for this supplement span a wide range of topics including: web-based querying over multiple ontologies, integration of data, annotating patent records, NCBO Web services, ontology developments for probabilistic reasoning and for physiological processes, and analysis of the progress of annotation and structural GO changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction is presented to the article "ANZCA Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) Faculty of Pain Medicine (FPM) Best Free Paper Award Session Abstracts" published in November 29, 2022 issue.

Focuses on an annual symposium on pediatric dermatology held in Bristol in November 8 to November 9, 2003. Allergic contact dermatitis in children; Case study of all children suffering from the disease; Treatment given to children suffering from the disease.

Presents information on the 26th annual German Association for Stable Isotope Research (GASIR) meeting on October 6-8, 2003 in Cologne, Germany. Topics discussed in the meeting; Impact of isotope research in biomedicine and biochemistry; Information on the scientific programs of GASIR in the field of ecology, geology and hydrology.

With increased interest in the use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, comes questions about their implications for curriculum development and assessment. This paper addresses some of those questions, discussed at a symposium of the 2017 conference of AMEE, by presenting the components of an EPA, describing their importance and application, identifying their implications for assessment, and pinpointing some of challenges they pose in undergraduate and postgraduate settings. It defines entrustment, describes the three levels of trust, and presents trainee and supervisor factors that influence it as well as perceived benefits, and risks. Two aspects of EPAs have implications for assessment: units of professional practice and decisions based on entrustment, which impact an assessment's blueprint, test methods, scores, and standards. In an undergraduate setting EPAs have great appeal, but work is needed to identify and develop a robust assessment system for core EPAs. At the postgraduate level, there is tension between the granularity of the competencies and the integrated nature of the EPAs. Even though work remains, EPAs offer an important step in the evolution of competency-based education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over the past 30 years, the international conference on Artificial Intelligence in MEdicine (AIME) has been organized at different venues across Europe every 2 years, establishing a forum for scientific exchange and creating an active research community. The Artificial Intelligence in Medicine journal has published theme issues with extended versions of selected AIME papers since 1998.Objectives: To review the history of AIME conferences, investigate its impact on the wider research field, and identify challenges for its future.Methods: We analyzed a total of 122 session titles to create a taxonomy of research themes and topics. We classified all 734 AIME conference papers published between 1985 and 2013 with this taxonomy. We also analyzed the citations to these conference papers and to 55 special issue papers.Results: We identified 30 research topics across 12 themes. AIME was dominated by knowledge engineering research in its first decade, while machine learning and data mining prevailed thereafter. Together these two themes have contributed about 51% of all papers. There have been eight AIME papers that were cited at least 10 times per year since their publication.Conclusions: There has been a major shift from knowledge-based to data-driven methods while the interest for other research themes such as uncertainty management, image and signal processing, and natural language processing has been stable since the early 1990s. AIME papers relating to guidelines and protocols are among the most highly cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate the full-text publication rates of scientific research abstracts presented at the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) congresses held between 1993 and 2013 (a total of 11 occasions) and to determine factors associated with the manuscripts. Methodology An electronic database search was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 to identify full-text English-written publications of the research abstracts presented at the last 11 ESE Biennial congresses from 1993 to 2013. For each occasion, research abstract information was retrieved from the International Endodontic Journal (IEJ) through the official website of the ESE, and the following parameters for each abstract presentation were recorded: year of presentation, first author's affiliation, geographic origin and type of study. Following full-text article identification, additional information was recorded such as: year and journal of publication, elapsed time until full publication and number of authors per presentation and publication. Results A total of 1165 research abstracts were presented, of which 401 (34.4%) were finally published as full-length articles. Overall 235 articles (58.6%) were published either in the International Endodontic Journal (IEJ, 35.7%) or Journal of Endodontics (JOE, 22.9%). The mean time between abstract presentation and full-text publication was 18.95 months. Munich (2001) had the highest publication rate (44%), whereas Lisbon (2013) had the highest number of published articles (77). Turkey was the country with the highest number of published abstracts (56). However, the Netherlands was the country with the highest number of publications related to the number of presentations (21/26) (80.7%). Differences in authorship between presentation and full publication were found in 179 (44.6%) articles. Conclusion A substantial number of research abstracts presented at ESE congresses were not published in peer-reviewed journals. Authors prefer to publish their research papers in international journals with high impact factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the discussions held during the First IEEE Life Sciences Grand Challenges Conference, held on October 4–5, 2012, at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, and the grand challenges identified by the conference participants. Despite tremendous efforts to develop the knowledge and ability that are essential in addressing biomedical and health problems using engineering methodologies, the optimization of this approach toward engineering the life sciences and healthcare remains a grand challenge. The conference was aimed at high-level discussions by participants representing various sectors, including academia, government, and industry. Grand challenges were identified by the conference participants in five areas including engineering the brain and nervous system; engineering the cardiovascular system; engineering of cancer diagnostics, therapeutics, and prevention; translation of discoveries to clinical applications; and education and training. A number of these challenges are identified and summarized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers information on the 7th Polish-Japanese Joint Seminar on Micro and Nano Analysis which was held from September 7-10, 2008, Warsaw, Poland. The seminar was organized by the Institute of Electron Technology (ITE) under the cooperative advice of researchers and scientists from Japan. The seminar produced presentations on global nanotechnology and bio-medical sciences. The author acknowledges Professor Makoto Shiojiri, the honorary Chairman of the seminar.

This paper is intended as a succinct review of technology used for clinical hyperthermia therapy for cancer, as culled from a presentation at the special workshop on Thermal Medicine, Heat Shock Proteins, and Cancer at the Society for Thermal Medicine conference in Spring 2005. Following a brief overview of thermal therapy treatment options and available mechanisms for heating tissue, the paper focuses on the evolution of equipment from basic single element heating devices of the early 1980s to adjustable multi-element heating devices currently in use or in final stages of development. Representative devices from the past, present and near future are cited for further investigation by the interested reader. The paper concludes with a summary of general trends in the evolution of clinical hyperthermia techniques and a statement of current challenges remaining for the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Overcoming health disparities between majority and minority populations is a significant national challenge. This paper assesses outreach to Native Americans (American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians) by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). A companion paper details NLM's portfolio of Native American outreach projects. Method: NLM's Native American outreach is assessed in light of the presentations at a community-based health information outreach symposium and the goals set by NLM's plan to reduce health disparities. Results: NLM's current portfolio of Native American outreach projects appears most advanced in meeting the goal set in area 1 of the health disparities plan, "Promote use of health information by health professionals and the public." NLM's portfolio also shows significant strength and good progress regarding area 2 of the plan, "Expand partnerships among various types of libraries and community-based organizations." The portfolio is weaker in area 3, "Conduct and support informatics research." More knowledge-building efforts would benefit NLM, the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and Native American and community-based organizations. Implications: The current Native American outreach portfolio should be continued, but new approaches are needed for evaluating Native American outreach and for forging collaborations with Native American groups, approaches grounded in consultation and mutual understanding of needs and perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the themes that emerged from the papers presented at the Translational Bodies: Ethical, Legal and Social Issues convention, which marked the end of the Wellcome Strategic Programme, "The Human Body: Its Scope Limits and Future," held in April 2014. Topics include the history and developments in the study of the human body, issues about biomedicine and a case study examining definitions and classifications of embryos under fertilization and embryology law in Great Britain.

Over the past decade, intangible cultural heritage (hereafter, ICH), the significance which it possesses and the continuation of its myriad manifestations have reached unprecedented levels of recognition and attention on international and national policy agendas. Traditional Medicine (hereafter, TM) has long been included under the vast umbrella of ICH, yet there have been few attempts to explore that relationship. This paper examines the practical implications of applying the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage to TM, alongside the relationship of traditional medicine to the fields of human rights, public health and development. It considers, and reaches the conclusion that the cultural significance of traditional medicine combined with the fundamental principles of the Convention render the Convention significant in safeguarding traditional medicine for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several abstracts related to medicine paper submitted at the ICBM 2014 Meeting including clinical trials involving behavioral interventions, clinical psychology, and self regulation interventions.

The aim of the present paper is to present the message transmitted by the Presidential Lecture given during the first congress of arthroscopy organised in Romania, in March 2016, by the Romanian Society of Arthroscopy and Sports Trauma (SRATS). The goal was to present the evolution of medical care in Romania over the years, with the remarkable progress made in the first half of the twentieth century and the current status of arthroscopic surgery as seen from the point of view of medical professionals, as well as from a governmental point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various papers reviewed at the Southern Illinois University and Southern Illinois Healthcare's Fifteenth Annual Health Policy Institute symposium on medical-legal partnership (MLP) model held in Carbondale, Illinois on May 17, 2013.

Four phases of trial are widely used in testing drugs, surgery, and diagnosis in Western medicine (WM). The staged testing process helps protect patients from unnecessary harms and control costs while assessing safety and efficacy. In this paper we adapt the four phase trials for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As TCM has been used in humans for thousands of years and there has been good preliminary clinical evidence on safety and efficacy for many of its therapies, in most cases its evaluation can start directly in humans, and preclinical laboratory research can be conducted in phase 4 trials after the efficacy is firmly demonstrated. Furthermore, unlike investigational drugs, TCM therapies are various in the certainty of their safety and efficacy and thus should not enter the evaluation process at the same stage. Unlike in WM, clarifying and refining PICO (patients, intervention, comparator, and outcome) are an important part of evaluation of newly designed TCM therapies. The incommensurability between WM and TCM causes additional difficulties in TCM trials regarding defining and choosing PICO, for which some suggestions are made. Observational studies seem to have a greater role in evaluation for TCM although the efficacy must be confirmed with randomized trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ever since the first diagnosis of a mitochondrial disease in 1959 (), the interest for mitochondrial cytopathies has continued to increase. Originally it was believed that the condition was very rare and primarily effected high-energy requiring tissues resulting in a select few pathologies (). Since 1959, the understanding of mitochondrial cytopathies has evolved immensely and mitochondrial cytopathies are now known to be the largest group of metabolic diseases and to be resulting in a wide variety of pathologies. “Mitochondria in Biology and Medicine” was the title of the first annual conference of Society of Mitochondrial Research and Medicine — India. The conference was organized by A. S. Sreedhar, Keshav Singh and Kumarasamy Thangaraj, and was held at The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) Hyderabad, India, during 9–10 December 2011. The conference featured talks from internationally renowned scientists within the field of mitochondrial research and offered both students and fellow researchers a comprehensive update to the newest research within the field. This paper summarizes key outcomes of the presentations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Held on 21st to 23rd November 2009 in Hiroshima, the SiHIS working conference aimed at finding solutions to approach to an idealistic society where (1) the individual can trust information with full understanding and responsibility, (2) the individual can allow the use of information backed by sound legitimated environment, (3) information can play its role for better healthcare and the improvement of medicine. The purpose of this paper is to propose recommendations from this working conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information of papers discussed at the World Stroke Day, which was held during the Pan American Congress of Neurology in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in October 2007, is presented. The event brought more than 200 people representing countries from Latin and North America and Spain, many of them representing different fields of neurology, like epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. Topics include; stroke risk factor in Latin America and high blood pressure.

Background: Nursing, allied health and technical personnel are increasingly being recognised as pivotal in the diagnosis and management of heart disease. This recognition is mirrored in research, scholarship and professional development activities. Documenting the evolution and progression of a group''s professional development is a useful strategy in informing future strategic initiatives. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the development and participation of the Affiliates group within the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Method: Data related to CSANZ membership, participation in the Annual Scientific Meeting as well as the number, type and ranking of abstracts were retrieved from CSANZ records for the period 1995–2003. These data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Since the introduction of the Affiliate member status in 1988, membership has grown steadily, as has participation of members in the governance of the CSANZ. Mean abstract grades of Affiliate members are increasingly comparable with those of the FCSANZ, Ordinary and Associate members. Conclusions: Affiliate members are increasing their profile in the highly competitive environment of the Annual Scientific Meeting, demonstrating the critical role of nursing, allied health and technical professions in cardiovascular health and science. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Objectives: This paper presents current work in case-based reasoning (CBR) in the health sciences, describes current trends and issues, and projects future directions for work in this field. Methods and material: It represents the contributions of researchers at two workshops on case-based reasoning in the health sciences. These workshops were held at the Fifth International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR-03) and the Seventh European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ECCBR-04). Results: Current research in CBR in the health sciences is marked by its richness. Highlighted trends include work in bioinformatics, support to the elderly and people with disabilities, formalization of CBR in biomedicine, and feature and case mining. Conclusion: CBR systems are being better designed to account for the complexity of biomedicine, to integrate into clinical settings and to communicate and interact with diverse systems and methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The aim of the study titled "Antibody Conjugated Near Infrared Dye Detects Focal Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE Deficient Mice," by M. Roser and colleagues, was to examine the expression of ED-B fibronectin in a murine model of moderate atherosclerosis to investigate its relevance for imaging of early atherosclerotic lesions. In order to better characterize the role of the B7/CD28 pathway in atherosclerosis, the study titled "Protective Role of B7 and CD28 Co-Stimulatory Molecules in the Development of Atherosclerosis," by S. Potteaux and colleagues, generated chimeric mice.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Early Differentiation of Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells," by L. Bellik and colleagues, endothelial progenitor cells expansion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed within the first week of culture by flow cytometry. Both the adherent and suspended cells, of which the latter usually discarded, were considered. The study "Interaction of Embryonal Endothelial Progenitor Cells With Platelets," by H. Langer and colleagues, investigated, if endothelial progenitor cells adhere to platelets and if platelets can influence the biological development of endothelial progenitor cell.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Endothelial Cell-to-Cell Junctions," by E. Dejana, found that modifications of the molecular organization and intracellular signaling of junctional proteins might have complex effects on vascular growth and stabilization. The study "Interplay of Chemokines and Platelets in Vascular Cell Recruitment," by C. Weber, found that the intimate linkage between platelets and chemokines as culprits in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases may provide valuable targets for the design and development of selective molecular interventions.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Chronic Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate (PETN) Treatment Does Not Induce Nitrate Tolerance And Cross-Tolerance in Wistar Rats: Antioxidative Side-Effects and Protection of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2) Activity as a Possible Explanation," by M. Coldewey and colleagues, tested whether lack of tolerance development upon chronic PETN treatment may be explained by the lack of oxidative stress induction and protection of mitochondrial ALDH-2. The study "Potent Novel Peroxynitrite Decomposition Catalyst FP15 Improves Endothelial Dysfunction Associated With Aging," by T. Radovits and colleagues, aging male rats were treated for 3 weeks with vehicle or FP15.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Elevated Lipoprotein (a) Levels: A New Biological Marker of Venous Thromboembolic Risk," by F. Casals and colleagues, performed an observational study to characterize clinical and biological characteristics in a group of adult patients who presented with an episode of venous thromboembolism and very high levels of lipoprotein (a). The study "Cocultures of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (SMC) and Mononuclear Cells Synergistically Produce Interleukin-6," by L. Chen and colleagues, investigated the interaction of human mononuclear cells (MNC) and SMC. MNC or SMC were cocultured in vitro in one well, in the absence or presence of endotoxin.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Complement Factor B and sC5b-9 are Elevated in First-Degree Relatives of South Asian Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)," by R. Somani and colleagues, recruited 119 first-degree relatives of South Asian subjects with T2DM and 119 age and sex-matched South Asian controls. All subjects provided a full medical history, underwent a physical examination and provided a fasting blood sample for measurement of complement factors and standard biochemical risk factors. The study "Collateral Growth in Patients with Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions: Enhanced Proliferative Activity in the Collateral Circulation of Diabetics," by V. Tchaikovski and colleagues, investigated the total proliferative activity of serum from the collateral circulation and compared this with the proliferative activity in the systemic circulation in patients with chronic total coronary occlusions.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in September 2005. Recruitment in acute respiratory failure; Basic research on pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis; Monitoring circulation.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in September 2005. Treatment strategies in acute lung injury; Treatment of sepsis; Clinical incidents and patient safety.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in September 2005. Clinical and experimental studies to assess cellular integrity in sepsis; Cardiovascular dynamics; Ventilation strategies in acute lung injury.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in September 2005. Outcome and new strategies in acute respiratory failure; Basic research to evaluate new therapeutic options for the treatment of sepsis; Imaging and lung protection in acute respiratory failure.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in September 2005. Special clinical features in sepsis diagnostics; Poster sessions on acute cardiac failure; Acute respiratory failure.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in September 2005. Steroids in clinical practice and new experimental trials for sepsis therapy; Volume therapy; Clinical outcomes.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in September 2005. Oral presentations on inflammatory response in acute lung injury; Experimental approaches to improve microcirculation; Oral presentations on the effects of resuscitation.

Discusses abstracts of papers presented at the International Society of Blood Transfusion meeting on July 12, 2004. "donor selection among the European Union countries," by M. Algora; "Safety of an abbreviated donor history questionnaire," by M.B. Basset, P. McEnvoy, M. Busch, H. Kamel, T. Wiltbank, B. Custer, D. Harpool and P. Tomasulo; "Single-donor two-unit red blood cell collection: Evaluation of a new blood separator," by M. Bianchi, G. d'Onofrio, N. Piccirillo, R. Putzulu, M. Maresca, C. Toriani-Terenzi, M.R. Guitarrini, I. Rago, S. Rutella and G. Leone.

Presents abstracts of papers that are not presented at the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) meeting, but published in the journal. "Barriers to blood donation," by I. Petrovic, S. Gruden, J. Pesic and P. Kovacevic; "Substance abuse in scholars: Will it impact on future blood supply?," by T. Gunn; "Dry chemistry determination of haemoglobin. Is it suitable for the pre-donation selection?," by J. Leal.

Presents abstracts of papers submitted at the poster session of the 2003 Spinal Cord Conference and Training that was held in Long Beach, California in June 2003. Information on medullary substrate for cardiovascular differential responses to stimulation of specific acupoints with electroacupuncture; Effect of gabapentin and tramadol on neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury; Use of functional magnetic stimulation for restoring cough in patients with tetraplegia.

Presents abstracts of papers submitted in the preconference platform session of the 2003 Spinal Cord Conference and Training that was held in Long Beach, California in June 2003. Assessment and management of patients with acute spinal cord injury; Postoperative management of myocutaneous flapsurgery in persons with spinal cord injury; Surgical management of pressure ulcers.

Presents abstracts of papers submitted at the 2003 Spinal Cord Conference and Training that was held in Long Beach, California in June 2003. Review of repair strategies after spinal cord injury; Focus on the pharmacological changes of the spinal cord associated with the learning of a motor task; History and potential of bion, a family of imlpantable neuromuscular micro-stimulations.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 2003 North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology Annual Meeting. "Foxy Methoxy: A New Drug of Abuse," by S. Smolinske, R. Rastogi, and S. Schenkel; "Serotonin Syndrome Following Initiation of Escitalopram Monotherapy For Depression," by T. Wiegand and D. Stuart; "Pediatric Overdose of Desmopressin Acetate," by T. Sigg, A. M. Burda, and S. Aks; Others.

Provides abstracts of the papers presented in the 8th Walter Brendel Symposium on Applied Immunology and Microcirculation.

Abstract: Medical scientists have expressed scepticism about whether philosophy is relevant to medicine. We challenged this in a conference on the topic of “too much medicine” (TMM) held in Oxford in April 2017. The topic of TMM provided an opportunity to bring the two disciplines together because of its history both in philosophy and in medicine. We found that the collaboration between the two disciplines was fruitful when two conditions were met. First, both disciplines had to avoid discipline‐specific jargon. Second, each discipline had to engage with the other. Specifically, medical scientists had to engage with some philosophical literature, and philosophers had to “get their hands dirty with data.” In this conference report, we provide an overview of our discussions and summarize the other papers in the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the research paper 'PaO[sub 2] During Anaesthesia And Years of Smoking Predicts Late Postoperative Hypoxaemia and Complications After Upper Abdominal Surgery in Cardiopulmonary Healthy Patients,' by Jorn Wetterslev, Egon Godthab Hansen, Michael Kamp-Jensen, Ole Roikjaer and Inge-Lis Kanstrup presented during The Scandinavian Society of Anesthesiologists 25th Congress in Aarhus, Denmark.

The article presents information on the International Pre-Olympic Congress on Sports Medicine and Sports Sciences which is going to be held on February 24-27, 1993 at Lillehammer Olympic City, Norway. The meeting will be Organized by several Norwegian sports associations under the patronage of International Olympic Committee Medical Commission. The official languages will be English. The multidisciplinary session is going to focus on medical and psychological issues of overtraining; Sport and disabled athletes; Exercise and the endocrine system; Rehabilitation of athletic injury; Development of young athletes; Nutrition, eating disorders and performance. Abstracts due before November, 1992 should include minimum of 250 words in English. Papers which will be accepted for presentation will be published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. For further information one has to contact the International Pre-Olympic Congress on Sports Medicine and Sports Sciences at Oslo Norway.

Information about several papers discussed at the third ordinary meeting of 118th session on astronomical observations is presented. Topics include the Christmas Lecture, the change in the relationship between medicine and astronomy, and the completion of Sky Notes. The meeting featured speakers such as Allan Chapman from Wadham College, Oxford, Tony Kinder, and Nick James.

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium sponsored by the Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) on the perspective on how to supervise the challenges and enjoy the rewards of a career of clinician scientist is presented. It suggested to have the best training possible with the appropriate and fulfilled supervisor. It also proposed to know in dealing with many hardships related with academic medicine which includes lack of rapid progress in academic program.