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Aiming at solving the difficult problem of inconsistent single-method evaluation results in comprehensive disaster risk assessment, this paper presents an evaluation method based on a combination of the ranking value and the evaluation value. First, the seven methods of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE), the set pair analysis (SPA), the improved grey target analysis (IGT), the fuzzy stochastic simulation (FSS), the grey relational degree analysis (GRA), the extension matter element evaluation (EME), and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) are used to conduct urban comprehensive disaster risk assessment. Second, to ensure the degree of correlation between individual evaluation methods and make full use of more information to achieve the purpose of complementary advantages, the Kendall synergy coefficient, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and the comprehensive support coefficient are used as the single-method compatibility consistency test standards. The combined evaluation methods of the cyclic correction model and support model are used to combine the single evaluation results, and the highly coordinated comprehensive disaster risk ranking value and evaluation value are obtained through repeated tests, thus constructing a highly scientific and reasonable dual combination evaluation model. Finally, through analysis and comparison of the final combined ranking and evaluation values of 31 provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions in China under the dual combination mode, it is verified that the dual combination idea can obtain evaluation results with high convergence and credibility, solve the problem of inconsistent evaluation results of multiple methods, provide a new research idea and method for measuring the comprehensive disaster risk of cities, and provide a scientific basis for efficiently serving comprehensive risk prevention management and various urban planning and construction work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban construction in China has changed from "extensional sprawl" to "connotative development". With the accelerating urbanization and improvement of living standards, citizens have had higher and more requirements on urban waterfront spaces. Starting from the history and characteristics of comprehensive river regulation, this paper explored its multiple meanings against the new appeals of urban development. On this basis, design and planning approaches were discussed from 3 perspectives of waterfront space planning control, waterfront space design optimization, and improvement of waterfront landscape, then the planning and design strategies of urban waterfront spaces were explored by studying the comprehensive waterfront space regulation project of the Old Huan River in Hubei, so as to provide references for the comprehensive water system regulation and space planning and construction of urban waterfront spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

bstract: As a reflection of the relationship between human and mountainous environment, urban planning has an impact on the mountainous environment by changing the topography, landform and spatial layout. A good urban planning can mitigate and adapt to the mountainous environmental impact. Urban master planning involves the interrelationships and interactions of various components of urban complex systems. Planning Support System (PSS), as a technical means to assist planning decision-making, is mostly based on the construction mode of "user (stakeholder) - system". Its strong professional characteristics are not conducive to the consensus of diverse stakeholders on urban planning. The aim of this paper is therefore to build an augmented planning support system framework that is based on complex adaptive system theory, this framework is ontology-driven, and thus will enable the generation of a planning support prototype system for mountainous urban master planning founded on this framework. The framework fuses the urban planning ontology and the planning support system together, which helps different urban agents to reach a consensus based on a common understanding of urban planning. The defect is that the construction of the urban planning ontology is still manually constructed. The approach advocated here will enable a common understanding of mountainous urban master planning, support efficient and flexible decision in this area, and provide reference framework for future mountainous urban master PSS developments and application. The PSS prototype developed based on augmented planning support system framework has been applied to the urban master planning of Changting County in Fujian Province, China. Through the application of multiscenario analysis, urban agents can deepen their understanding of the current situation and future development of the city, and ultimately helps to promote urban planning decisions and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nighttime light data play an important role in the research on cities, while the urban centers over a large spatial scale are still far from clearly understood. Aiming at the current challenges in monitoring the spatial structure of cities using nighttime light data, this paper proposes a new method for identifying urban centers for massive cities at the large spatial scale based on the brightness information captured by the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) sensor. Based on the method for extracting the peak point based on digital elevation model (DEM) data in terrain analysis, the maximum neighborhood and difference algorithms were applied to the NPP-VIIRS data to extract the pixels with the peak nighttime light intensity to identify the potential locations of urban centers. The results show 7239 urban centers in 2200 cities in China in 2017, with an average of 3.3 urban centers per city. Approximately 68% of the cities had significant polycentric structures. The developed method in this paper is useful for identifying the urban centers and can provide the reference to the city planning and construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chen, L. and Wang, Y., 2020. Study on plant configuration and planning of landscape architecture in coastal cities. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 17-20. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The development and progress of society put forward higher requirements for the development of coastal cities. Strengthening the planning and construction of coastal cities has become an important task and work at present. Plant landscape is the most direct and only landscape that can make people feel the changes of life. Its richness and diversity will have a profound impact on people's life and spirit. It can directly show the beauty of plants, give people a feeling of being close to nature, and can coordinate with the surrounding coastal city environment to change the ecological environment. In this paper, the classification and characteristics of seasonal plants are summarized, and the design principles, common plant configuration forms and plant selection of coastal city landscape gardens are systematically discussed. On this basis, the design points of coastal city planning are put forward in order to promote the continuous improvement of ecological planning and design level of coastal cities in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

He, C.; Xiang, X.; Lin, J., and Yu, L., 2020. Study on urban design characteristics of new coastal "reclamation type" town. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 363–367. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The construction of new coastal reclamation areas is an important decision in China, because it is a form of development and construction that must adapt to many problems in coastal areas, including rapid socioeconomic development, rapid population growth, and serious shortage of land resources. China has many coastal provinces, which will be limited by the shortage of land resources. Therefore, in the rapid economic development, coastal cities will be greatly restricted, which will limit the rapid process of urbanization. China has abundant beach resources. Therefore, reclamation and city building have become the main means to alleviate land resource shortages. In recent years, various coastal cities in China have carried out new reclamation-type town design, which has its own unique characteristics. These new city construction plans need to be improved, because the "reclamation type" city is an important part of urban construction planning in the future. This paper analyzes the current situation of the construction of the new coastal reclamation areas, presents the methods, and suggests improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zigong City, Sichuan Province, is a typical hilly area, and relatively rough land leveling was carried out in the pre-development of its aviation industrial park, which has caused some damage to the ecological environment. In this study, the Delphi method was used to determine the degree of influence of four ecological factors, namely elevation, slope, woodland and surface water, on the site. Based on the comprehensive scoring of various indexes and the superposition analysis of elements such as current buildings and water systems, the analysis of ecological sensitivity and site suitability was obtained, and a more optimal development and construction plan was proposed accordingly. Based on the GIS model, the area with ecological sensitivity index below 4 is identified as about 167.4 hectares, the valley area along the water system has the highest sensitivity and should be avoided for development and construction, and the mildly sensitive area should be developed and constructed with the principle of minimum interference. The unsuitable construction area is about 65.7 hectares, except for the river mostly for the area where the slope of the site is more than 25 %. Combining the topographic features to determine the low-impact road selection and building layout, different design strategies are proposed for hilltops, ridges, valleys and saddles, and the elevation difference of the site is solved by using staircases to carry out the building layout of a high building on high ground and low building on low ground. This study is a development strategy proposed for the ecological damage caused during the construction of the new area in Zigong City, which has been approved and put into practice by the local government to obtain a better overall urban environment and can provide a reference for other urban developments in hilly areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the financial crisis in 2008, innovation has gradually become the orientation of global economic development and the strategic choice for China's urban development. With the transformation of the urban development mode from factor-driven and capital-driven to innovation-driven, many innovation spaces have begun to emerge in cities, which attract academic attention. A large number of studies on the relation between innovation activities and geographic space mainly focus on the phenomena at the regional level, and the city is only regarded as a target of innovation activities agglomeration. The study on the distribution of innovation space within the city is insufficient. In particular, there is a lack of studies on the spatial-temporal evolution of urban innovation space distribution. However, the study on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urban innovation space distribution can provide planning countermeasures for the construction of innovative cities in China. Taking Nanjing as an empirical area, the spatial-temporal evolution of urban innovation space distribution was studied through methods such as average nearest neighbor, standard deviational ellipse, kernel density estimation, and exploratory spatial data analysis based on the data of high-tech enterprises identified from 2008 to 2019. The results showed the following: (1) the distribution of urban innovation space has significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the degree of agglomeration continued to rise; (2) regardless of the macro- or microperspective, the distribution of urban innovation space has shown the characteristic of diffusion at the initial, but the trend of polarization in recent years is significant; and (3) the distribution of urban innovation space exhibited diverse agglomeration modes and evolution trends in different regions, and it can be divided into three categories: grouped, banded, and scattered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined heat and power (CHP), an efficient heating method with cascades use of energy, accounts for approximately 50% of the heat sources in northern China. Many researchers have made significant efforts to improve its energy efficiency and environmental effects with important achievements. Given that the system produces heat and electricity at the same time, this study focuses on the role of CHP in the holistic urban energy system and points out the mismatch between the demand and supply sides of urban energy systems by using the heat-to-power ratio as a parameter. The calculation method and characteristics of the supply side heat-to-power ratio of eight heating methods and the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio for 19 cities in northern China are displayed. After the analysis, it is concluded that (1) the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio in the cities varies from 1.0 to 5.9, which is affected by the location and social, economic, and industrial structures. (2) In most of the cities, with the current energy structure, the demand side heat-to-power ratios are always larger than the supply side heat-to-power ratios. (3) The reduction in heating demand, surplus heat recovery, and the use of a highly efficient electric heating method, such as the heat pump, can help solve the mismatch of the heat-to-power ratio between the demand and supply sides. These conclusions can guide the urban energy planning and system construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]