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Boundary spanners and boundary spanning activities have been established as key to enabling cross-sector collaboration. By means of a longitudinal study and a process approach to collaboration, the paper offers a novel perspective on interrelated acts of sensemaking and framing whereby boundary spanners representing different organisations and sectors deal with organisational and institutional differences when collaborating. The study focuses on Crossroads, an initiative aimed at addressing an emerging societal problem through cross-sector collaboration including the establishment of a Civil Society Public Partnership (CSPP). To establish and develop the CSPP, multiple boundary spanners representing different organisations and roles interact in a process of continuous negotiation of frames and meaning. The paper elucidates the implications of successive boundary spanning in cross-sector collaboration by highlighting the importance of reticulism, interactive framing, shared commitment, reflexivity, and adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a study that explored the user-driven inter-organisational professional learning that teachers from two education systems collectively engaged in via social media. A dedicated Facebook group was established to enable Australian early childhood teachers (sector one) and primary school teachers (sector two) to engage in collaborations that would support children's transition to school. Using an Activity Theory framework, findings showed that the site was mainly used by early childhood teachers to seek peer support in meeting reporting requirements, and that school teachers rarely posted. As such, the capacity of the Facebook group to support inter-organisational cross-sector collaboration and learning was challenged as determined by the most active participants within the site, while reinforcing the group's capacity to support 'just in time' intra-organisational professional learning. This highlights a need for further research to explore the ways and means by which social media may best facilitate cross-sector collaboration between education systems, such as a more focussed and integrated use of social media during face-to-face cross-sector professional learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuity of operations for government is an evolving philosophy, much like exercises and after-action reports. Continuity continues to identify areas for growth and improvement as more people become involved in the conversation. This paper briefly describes the evolution of continuity in the USA and its application in the State of Texas. Moving forward, it discusses the application of the concept of 'whole community continuity' as the driving force of the Continuity Council in Texas, which focuses on preparedness at all levels, from individuals to private industry, to all levels of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cross-sectoral collaborations are considered necessary to address detrimental health, social, educational and economic outcomes that impact marginalised and disadvantaged populations. There is a strong relationship between the health of children and their educational attainment; good health promotes positive learning. This paper reports cross-sectoral executive and senior management level systems changes required to enable the design of a collaborative primary healthcare service model for children and young people in rural Australia. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was used. Data were collected from executive and senior managers from three organisations (Education, Health and a University Department of Rural Health [ n = 6]) through individual semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. The study draws on Lewin's Model of Change. Results: Three overarching themes were generated from the data: an embedded challenge and experimental solutions; building a shared language and understanding; and the role of relationships and trust. Despite the unique geographical and social context of the study area, strategies emerged from the data on how a solution to an embedded challenge, through design of a primary healthcare model, was established and how the strategies described could be transferred and scaled to other rural and remote communities. Conclusion: Contextual differences make each rural and remote area unique. In this study, strategies that are described in the managing change literature were evident. The authors conclude that drawing on strong management of change principles could mean that a service model designed for one remote community might be transferrable to other communities. There is a strong relationship between children's health and their educational attainment. Poorer health, educational and social attainment are experienced by children and young people residing within the study area. Despite unique geographical contexts and demography, strategies that align strong leadership and effective management of change across three organisations were key and may make it possible to transfer a primary health care model designed to improve health and education outcomes for children and young people to other rural and remote communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Duwamish River Floating Wetlands project designed, built, and deployed constructed floating wetlands in the estuary of the urban Duwamish River in Seattle, Washington, during the 2019 and 2020 outmigration seasons for juvenile salmon. Using a "safe‐to‐fail" methodology and adaptive management strategies, these innovative floating wetland prototypes were custom designed to provide the native plants, invertebrates and slow water habitat that juvenile salmon require during their transition from fresh to salt water, and were monitored for these outcomes. This paper will provide insight into the prototype designs, adaptive management strategies and plant performance, and unique public‐private‐academic‐community partnerships that supported 2 years of design and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appreciative Inquiry is a theory of intentional collective action which provides a model of communication processes for recognizing existing organizational strengths, as opposed to problems, as the basis for action plans. This paper reports on a case where Appreciative Inquiry was improperly applied to an all-day workshop that was aimed at initiating a new interorganizational collaboration (IOC) among 18 different agencies from public transportation and health sectors. We analyze why and how the workshop participants could not envision their potential IOC. The analysis reveals several issues related to the design elements of the workshop, caused in part by the facilitator's overreliance on Appreciative Inquiry's 4D model and lack of consideration of the communicative needs in the specific context (i.e. pre-IOC interactions among unfamiliar organizational representatives that have not worked together previously). The paper concludes with suggestions for applying Appreciative Inquiry in IOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses institutional theory to highlight different patterns of cross-sector collaboration from the perspective of social enterprises. Specifically, it explores how and why social enterprises interact with mainstream businesses and to what extent their collaboration patterns reflect a vision of how their social mission should be implemented and institutionalized. The empirical analysis is derived from a qualitative study of ‘fair trade’ – a hybrid model created by social enterprises and using market mechanisms to support small-scale producers in developing countries and to advocate for changes in international trading practices. The findings highlight three strategies used by fair trade social enterprises to manage their interactions with mainstream businesses:sector solidarity,selective engagement, andactive appropriation. This paper suggests that each strategy is motivated by a different vision of how best to articulate the social mission of fair trade via specific types of collaborations. It also notes how each vision has a distinct pattern of institutionalization at the field level. This paper adds to the emergent literatures on social enterprise and social entrepreneurship, fair trade, cross-sector collaboration and hybrid organizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – In recent years, logistics service providers (LSPs) have become important players in the humanitarian field, providing support for NGOs and governments when they respond to major disasters. However, the academic literature on humanitarian logistics has not really explored the roles that LSPs play in relief supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of LSPs in humanitarian relief. Design/methodology/approach – The research uses a two-stage exploratory approach: first, it systematically reviews the humanitarian logistics literature to see the extent to which LSPs are taken into account. Then it analyses the web sites of leading LSPs to examine how they communicate about their role in humanitarian relief. Findings – This research produces some surprising findings. While the academic literature seems to neglect the roles of LSPs in humanitarian logistics, some major third-party firms highlight their roles in relief networks. A number of research propositions are presented describing emerging roles for LSPs in relief supply chains. Research limitations/implications – This paper focuses on academic humanitarian logistics literature; a review of practitioner articles and the LSP literature might also be relevant. The web site analysis is based on corporate communication which may contain bias. Further research should add to this work with NGO/government perspectives and produce primary data in order to demonstrate the external validity of the research propositions. Practical implications – The research identifies different roles LSPs could play in humanitarian supply chains, suggesting opportunities for new business lines. Originality/value – The main contributions of this paper are to explore the roles LSPs could play in humanitarian logistics and to bring a new perspective to humanitarian logistics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research suggests that human resource management (HRM) can play a crucial role in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and in addressing grand challenges, such as refugee workforce integration. This paper investigates how employers carry out their CSR goals through HRM practices, while working closely with non‐profit organisations (NPOs) that facilitate refugee employment support programmes. Using qualitative semi‐structured interviews with employers and NPOs in Australia, we highlight their co‐dependent relationship in addressing the challenge of refugee workforce integration. We demonstrate how the achievement of both CSR goals and social impact is enhanced in this co‐dependent relationship, where each stakeholder's unique expertise and access to resources are shared and leveraged. Our research findings advance the current understanding of the HRM–CSR literature on external stakeholder engagement by suggesting that a co‐dependent, rather than just a collaborative, relationship can underpin the effective execution of HRM practices with CSR goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the moniker non-governmental organization (NGO) connotes distance from the state, it is widely recognized that civil society in a range of political contexts is in fact characterized by close ties across the public-private divide. Scholars of Chinese social organizations have noted that proximity between the state and NGOs is even more pronounced in the context of China. What is less clear is why this is so. Why do grassroots NGOs overwhelmingly pursue engagement with the state? This paper presents findings that enumerate a number of motivating forces that drive state-NGO collaboration, particularly with respect to small, grassroots NGOs that do not have preexisting ties to elites or to the state. Most notable among these is that NGOs seek engagement with state agencies primarily in order to secure public trust. Public trust is found to be key to the ability of such groups to run programs, mobilize citizens or raise funds. These findings therefore have implications for how we understand the critical role of public support and legitimation—in addition to state control—in the enabling of civil society under authoritarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE THE paper addresses the following over-arching question: Within the context of the U.S.-India strategic relationship, and in light of the national interests shared by both countries, what factors will contribute to the success of cross-sector collaborative initiatives intended to address challenges associated with sustainable development? Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper first describes five major developments that have motivated the central question stated above. It then offers three propositions regarding prospects for increased collaboration among members of the military and other sectors of society to address sustainable development. Finally, the paper offers suggestions for further research. Findings: The paper suggests the potential for cross-sector collaborations -- i.e., collaboration involving some combination of representatives from the state, private (for-profit business), and civil (non-profit) sectors -- involving the military and other sectors to address sustainable development for the purposes of addressing comprehensive security. Research limitations/Implications: The paper suggests the need for further research on two fronts. First, broad yet simple templates of the global system needs to be formulated in order to help analysts and practitioners better understand the dynamics of cross-sector collaboration. Second, there needs to be further investigation of cases of collaboration involving the military and actors from other sectors in order to gain more insights about factors that contribute to successful collaborations to promote comprehensive security. Practical Implications: In addition to strategic leaders from non-military sectors, the ideas stated in this paper will be relevant to experts engaged in research and debate about India's National Strategy for the coming decade. They are also relevant to members of the U.S. national security community. Originality/Value: The paper weaves insights from different streams of academic literature in a coherent and useful way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigated agriculture and maintaining inland capture fisheries are both essential for food and nutrition security in Myanmar. However, irrigated agriculture through water control infrastructure, such as sluices or barrages, weirs and regulators, creates physical barriers that block migration routes of important fish species. Blocking of fish migration routes, leading to a degradation of inland capture fisheries, will undermine Myanmar's efforts to develop sustainably and meet the sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and the sustainability targets within the national Myanmar Sustainable Development Plans, as well as its Agricultural Development Strategy and Investment Plan. Despite the ambitious international and national targets, there is no explicit policy or legislation and no examples of where fish have been considered in the development or operation of irrigation infrastructure in Myanmar. Solutions are needed that provide opportunities to achieve multi-objective outcomes within irrigation infrastructure and water use. This can be achieved by increasing cross-sectoral collaboration in irrigation projects, improving capacity, increasing research within country by experts and providing technical solutions to aid in better management and mitigation options. This paper explores the various components of policy and governance, institutional and educational capacity and technical and management-based practices needed to plan and integrate better migratory fish and technical needs within irrigated agricultural infrastructure in Myanmar. Irrigated agriculture and maintaining inland capture fisheries are both essential for food and nutrition security in Myanmar. However, irrigation infrastructure creates physical barriers that block migration routes, and affect inland capture fisheries. For Myanmar to meet sustainable development targets, solutions are needed that decrease negative effect of infrastructure and increase working across sectors for multi-objective benefits from irrigation water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses current challenges in the field of global health and the World Health Organization's (WHO) strategies to address them. It highlights the importance of measuring the health impacts of global recession and globalization and the need for human-centered approaches to sustainable development. Emphasis is placed on commitment to health equity and the use of strategic partnerships for health at global, national, and local levels. Improving the health and well-being of populations, as well as public health equity, are core principles of the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These principles are expressed in SDG 3, which promotes universal access to health services and systems and recognizes global health as a basic human right. It highlights the importance of strategic partnerships to combat emerging health crises, improve public health indices, and address the burden of chronic disease. These partnerships are contemplated in SDG 17 and are manifested in different modalities, such as network governance, cross-sector collaboration, public–private partnership, and social participation. This diversity of alliances has played an important role in scaling up and strengthening universal health systems around the world, including in Latin America and the Caribbean. The text concludes by presenting the essential characteristics of these inter-organizational and inter-institutional alliances in the field of global health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine data use practices within a cross-sector initiative involving high school career academies. It discerns how partners used data to assess the public value of academies and address equity concerns.Design/methodology/approach A case study methodology was applied to examine cross-sector activities supporting the district's career academy reform. Data were collected through interviews, observations and document analysis. Datnow and Park's (2018) conceptual framework involving key equity dimensions guided the analysis.Findings Partners used data for both accountability and continuous improvement. Educators were required to document student growth for state accountability purposes, while providing evidence of the public value of the academies to the community. Data use for continuous improvement included identifying annual goals to improve academy performance. There was a lack of a district-wide focus on equity, with educators taking a passive approach to academy and career pathway selections by student subgroups.Practical implications The findings provide insights into data use practices school and district leaders can implement to ensure equitable student participation in career academies and appropriate data use within cross-sector collaborations.Social implications Students who are traditionally underrepresented in career fields, including students of color and females, need intentional efforts to encourage their participation in high-skill, high-wage career fields.Originality/value This study identifies critical issues involved with data use for equity when promoting education-centered cross-sector collaboration, while also highlighting existing tensions between data use for accountability and continuous improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the largely undocumented dimensions of public housing transformation in the United States is the multi-sector, multi-organizational collaborations whose charge is to manage the local implementation of mixed-income developments. In Chicago, private real estate developers entered into partnerships with the Chicago Housing Authority to finance, design, build, and manage the new developments. Key topics considered in this paper include the structures and processes of new organizational working relationships that have been established, how they are evolving over time, and the key operational challenges confronted in creating and sustaining them. We argue that these cross-sector collaborations within the context of the privatization of public housing generate complex organizational roles and dynamics that would benefit from far greater intentionality, clarity, and support to promote effectiveness and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the contribution of brokers to business non-profit collaborations, in the context of employee volunteering. It investigates the roles brokers play and ways they contribute to value creation within social alliances. Design/methodology/approach – This research focusses on a case study of a UK employee volunteering broker programme run by a local volunteer centre. A combined qualitative methodology involved document analysis and interviews, with brokers and business, community and government partners involved in employee volunteering collaborations. Findings – Brokers play three key roles in business non-profit collaboration as connectors, facilitators/co-designers and learning catalysts. These roles help stimulate manifestations of associational value, transferred resource value, interaction value and synergistic value. Research limitations/implications – Results indicate brokers play an important part in nurturing conditions underpinning innovation and value co-creation, key characteristics of transformational forms of business non-profit collaboration. This study was based on a single case study. Future research could explore broker contributions within a variety of business non-profit settings. Practical implications – For managers implementing business non-profit collaborations, this paper provides a framework depicting key broker roles and ways brokers enable collaborative value that may be useful when assessing whether to use the services of a broker. Originality/value – This paper enriches the understanding of business non-profit collaboration and the role of individual actors in affecting value creation, an under-researched area in the social alliance literature. It provides a framework for assessing broker contributions in business non-profit collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Collaboration between public sectors is often understood as a way to manage the complex care challenges society faces [1-4]. However, it is also widely recognized as problematic due to the complexity involved with collaboration across organizational boundaries [5-7]. Paradoxically, intersectoral collaboration is thus seen as both problem and solution for care challenges. Thus far, research into intersectoral collaboration does not detail the micro-dynamics of organizational actors entering into, establishing, maintaining, altering or abandoning collaborative relations. More research is required to better understand the processes that take place when collaborating across sectoral boundaries [8,9] and the frictions involved with the establishment of new roles for the stakeholders involved. In 2015, the Dutch healthcare system was reformed and care tasks that used to be the responsibility of the central government were localized and transferred to healthcare insurers medical care and decentralized to municipalities social care. The government then required municipal actors and healthcare insurers to negotiate about the funding of integration between the social and medical domains [10]. Theory/methods: This paper draws upon a case in which care responsibilities are distributed between healthcare insurers and municipalities. The study methods comprised of participant observation of meetings and in-depth interviews with key informants. Analysing the collaborating stakeholders' boundary work [11-13], i.e. the discursive practices people deploy in order to organize interaction across boundaries, can provide insight into micro dynamics involved in establishing cross-sector collaboration. Results: The analysis of the stakeholders' discourse identified three interaction patterns actors deploy to organize this interaction across boundaries: 1 opposing patterns, 2 negotiating patterns, and 3 aligning patterns. Conclusion/discussion: This research elucidates the process of building collaboration about responsibilities in the health and social care fields that stakeholders did not enter voluntarily. The paper demonstrates how the involved actors shift from opposition towards each other to negotiating boundaries and eventually come to a strategic alignment, which includes new forms of opposition towards other stakeholders. Limitations/future research: This is a study of a single case of intersectoral collaboration. Future research could include more and different stakeholders such as healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a cross-sector collaborative model for development policy in a creative economy in a rural area setting. The creative economy based on the village’s creative potential is considered capable of contributing to the national economy, but it should be supported by public policies that are adaptive to the potential and needs of creative economy actors. The paper used a qualitative approach with case studies in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This village represents one of the leading creative economy subsectors in Indonesia, which is culinary. The study found that collaboration among Penta Helix forces played multiple roles in driving rural creative actors and building rural creative ecosystems. The stages of collaboration were identified in strengthening organizational structure, program implementation, and organizational consolidation. Organizational capability and innovation have been growing in rural creative economy actors during cross-sector collaboration implementation. This study provides insights into how Penta Helix collaborates with rural creative actors to promote the rural creative economy. From a public policy perspective, this study fills a significant gap in the literature regarding rural development models that are not covered much in the creative economy policy.

The intensification of cross-sector collaboration phenomena has occurred in multiple fields of action. Organizations in the private, public, and social sectors are working together to tackle society’s most wicked problems. Some success has resulted in a generalized belief that cross-sector collaborations represent the new paradigm to manage complex problems. Yet, important knowledge gaps remain about how cross-sector alliances generate value for society, particularly to its beneficiaries. This paper answers the question: How cross-sector collaborations lead to systemic change? It uses a qualitative embedded case study design. I use two general cases of alliance-based interventions in the developing country Colombia. Embedded cases within each general case identify evidence of collective action capacity of the beneficiaries. Findings identify and explain alliances’ contributions to beneficiaries’ capacity building: brokering trust and creating spaces where beneficiaries develop an emergent collective action capacity. Alliances also enable beneficiaries to enact that capacity by building bridges, circulating capitals, and buffering relationships to protect people’s initiatives. Alliances and empowered collectives of beneficiaries produce systemic change using five mechanisms: brokering trust, creating spaces, building bridges, circulating capitals, and buffering relationships. Beneficiaries increased capacity for collective action is an outcome that becomes an alliance input, leading overtime to further benefits involving systemic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines how a team of academics, professional staff and students from a Scottish University in the United Kingdom worked with voluntary sector partners to achieve civic and 'social purpose' goals, through setting up a project called The Collaborative. This is a reflective paper that draws on collaborative autoethnography and is written collarboratively by that team of academics, professional staff and students. We explore how universities can achieve their civic engagement goals by serving as anchor institutions, and we develop a conceptual framework for how anchor institutions can enact their institutional mission of 'social purpose'. We uncover important considerations for university initiatives aiming to improve academic and student engagement with community partners for social change, with three learning points around building relationships, building capacity, and barriers to engagement. Service-learning can be used as a pathway to becoming a civic university, however, there are structural barriers that need to be overcome. This is an account of an ethical fact-finding project, reflecting on our experience of working with the local voluntary sector, designed to facilitate the University's better engagement with such collaborative 'social purpose' ventures. Practitioner Notes 1. To build relationships with the local voluntary sector for impact, an internal broker is needed who understands the internal dynamics of Higher Education Institutions, has knowledge of and a commitment to the voluntary sector and can map existing opportunities for engagement. 2. By engaging in activities such as service-learning, particularly with the voluntary sector, universities can achieve more inclusive service delivery. As there may be institutional constraints on academics' time, service-learning activities may offer a more convenient initial route for greater civic engagement. 3. Projects that focus on real-world problems and that have the potential for generating authentic and meaningful consequences are valued by students. However, if there is a lack of institutional support for wider-scale activities of this nature, the workload is likely to fall on educators, and the efforts and impacts (for students, staff and voluntary sector organisations) will be on a smaller scale. However, if there is institutional appetite and support for this type of work, then educators can utilise our model in their own university and the scale can be much improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the theoretical underpinnings of collaboration and ecosystem management in order to identify the relationships and processes involved in implementing ecosystem management programs through cross-sector collaboration. Ecosystem management requires a highly adaptive and resilient social-ecological governance approach, which addresses spatiality and temporality issues. In order to explore possible implementation issues with ecosystem management, propositions are developed dealing with adaptive governance, institutional isomorphism and collective action. The paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretic underpinnings involved in implementing ecosystem management through cross-sector collaborations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence-based practice in medicine and social policy relies heavily on evidence synthesis. To translate evidence into practical guidelines for low- and middle-income countries, local expertise is essential. The objectives of this study are to assess the change in capacity for conducting evidence synthesis in Africa and to identify key African institutions for regional capacity-building. We take on a network perspective, considering that the position of an institution in the African evidence ecosystem is one constituent of its research capacity.Methods: We systematically identified 3548 evidence synthesis publications between 2008 and 2019 with at least one author in Africa from the Web of Science Core Collection. These articles involved 3769 institutions. Longitudinal institution-level collaboration network data were constructed based on co-authorship information. We used social network analysis to examine the institutions' connectivity and tendency for intra- and interregional collaboration. We also identified the degree- and betweenness-central African institutions and explored the structure and composition of their local network neighbourhoods.Results: The number of African institutions involved in evidence synthesis has increased substantially over the last decade, from 31 in 2008 to 521 in 2019, and so has the number of evidence synthesis publications with authors in Africa. African institutions in the evidence ecosystem have also become more connected during this period. Although the amount of intercontinental collaboration continues to exceed that of regional collaboration, the tendency for African institutions to collaborate with partners in Africa is increasing. We identified seven institutions-in South Africa, Egypt and Uganda-as central to the collaboration networks between 2008 and 2019, all of whom showed a tendency to collaborate across sectors.Conclusion: The development of more regionally based network-building initiatives would help to foster communities of practice and inter-institutional collaboration, strengthening regional research capacity. Moreover, the analysis in this study adds depth beyond a simple bibliometric analysis and illustrates that network analysis could provide a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of capacity-building strategies and programmes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Action Research is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Employment is critical for refugees' positive integration into a receiving country. Enabling employment requires cross-sector collaborations, that is, employers collaborating with different stakeholders such as refugees, local employees, other employers, unofficial/official supporters, and authorities. A vital element of cross-sector collaborations is trust, yet the complexity of cross-sector collaborations may challenge the formation and maintenance of trust. Following a theory elaboration approach, this qualitative study with 37 employers and 27 support workers in Germany explores how employers' experiences in cross-sector collaborations on refugees' labor market integration affect their trust in other stakeholders in this cross-sector space. Specifically, we explored employers' perceptions of trust breaches, and how these perceptions affect their further engagement in cross-sector collaborations on refugee integration. Based on our findings, we propose a process model that describes how unmet collaboration expectations and negative assessments of collaborators' attitudes and behaviors lead to perceived trust breaches which, in turn, lead to employers' hesitancy to hire refugees and/or to engage in cross-sector collaborations. In doing so, we extend existing theory on trust within organizations to the cross-sector context of refugee integration, uncovering context-specific meanings to trustworthiness dimensions and illustrating how breaches of different trustworthiness dimensions can interact. Moreover, we show how social policies, resources, and trustors' perceived vulnerability in collaborations shape their risk perceptions. This study highlights the central role of trust for refugee integration and illustrates how missing goals and process clarity endanger sustainable collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collaborative approach to care of parents with a mental illness is essential to address the needs of the whole family. However, a number of constraints within adult mental health and child-focused services prevent a unified approach to the care of families where a parent has a mental illness (FaPMI). This paper reports on a cross-sector workforce development initiative aimed to build skill and knowledge in practitioners to work with FaPMI. The initiative included training in the 'Keeping Families and Children in Mind' e-resource to mental health, child and family services. The resource was combined with face to face training and small group meetings over six weeks, to help develop emerging champions/practice leaders to promote FaPMI-focused practice. A significant decline in the perceived ability to engage in FaPMI-focused practice emerged immediately post-training. The lack of perceived organisational supports was the major barrier to the implementation of FaPMIfocused practice across sectors. However following continued support of practitioners, a significant increase in FaPMI-focused practice across sectors, and a return to pre-survey levels of perceived organizational support, was observed at six-month post-training. The importance of providing additional implementation supports and time to consolidate practice change following training is highlighted. Recommended implementation and training strategies that will improve FaPMI-focused cross-sector approaches to better meet the need of FaPMI are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) first developed by Sabatier and Jenkins (1987, 1988) as a conceptual lens, this paper explores its usefulness in understanding policy changes in the context of disaster management in Taiwan. The 921 Alliance and the 88 Alliance formed in light of two natural disasters were subjects of analyses. Overall, the ACF is an effective tool in analyzing Taiwan’s policy changes in response to natural disasters, especially regarding the importance of policy core beliefs in reinforcing the cohesiveness of coalitions and their drive to influence government’s decisions. Yet, this paper argues that a critical attribution within the two coalitions was that of social capital, an aspect that the originally ACF as posited by Sabatier conceptually lacks. The impacts of 921 and 88 Alliances on Taiwan’s civil society development are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New processes of urbanization have recently led to a concentration of inhabitants in big cities and a consequent depopulation of marginal areas. In Italy, this phenomenon has also affected mountain regions, which are still facing dramatic depopulation and economic depression. The incapacity of public administrations to remedy this public problem has recently led to the introduction of new forms of collaborations with actors belonging to diverse jurisdictional areas (governmental institutions, private companies, no-profit organizations, and local communities). These forms of partnership can be defined as cross sector collaborations and, in the case of community involvement, can also be arranged as community-based enterprises (CBEs). In this paper, we investigate the capacity of CBEs to be an effective instrument for cross-sector collaboration in the field of urban regeneration. In particular, by applying a specific analysis model inspired by the framework elaborated by Bryson, Crosby, and Stone (2015), we analyze an Italian experience of community engagement promoted in Castel Del Giudice, a small town in the Southern Apennines. Through document analysis and an interview method, the paper gives a twofold contribution to the field. Firstly, it provides a rigorous exploration of the preconditions, processes, structures, and results of a successful case of cross-sector collaboration. Secondly, it offers elements to assess potentiality and points of criticisms of CBEs to promote urban regeneration policies. In this sense, we conclude that the creation of a community-based network represents a second level of cross sector-collaboration that can potentiate the capacity to pursue the community interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical systems are frequently characterized by fragmentation, and competences for outpatient and inpatient sectors sit with different authorities, payers, and purchasers. This fragmentation of responsibilities can incentivize shifting expensive therapies and thus patients from one sector to the other. Reimbursement and procurement policies in Europe addressing unwanted consequences of this fragmentation were identified through literature reviews and surveys with policy-makers. Good practice examples include cross-sectorial reimbursement lists managed by committees with representatives from the outpatient and hospital sectors, specific funding mechanisms, joint procurement involving purchasers from both sectors, actions against procurement contracts prohibiting generic competition, and an extension of Health Technology Assessment to the hospital sector. Recognizing fragmentation as a major challenge for pharmaceutical systems, policy-makers in some countries reacted by implementing policies to support cross-sectorial collaboration. However, only a handful of good practice examples exist for reimbursement and procurement policies in Europe. Though robust evaluations are lacking, there are indications that pharmaceutical policies which ensure collaboration at the interface of the outpatient and inpatient sectors would likely result in efficiency gains and better use of public budgets and may serve as lever to improve access to medicines. In several European countries, the decision which medicines are funded by public money (reimbursement) and purchased by public institutions (public procurement) is taken independently for the outpatient sector and the hospital sector. There are different payers and procurers per sector, and even within a sector. Patients may be transferred between the sectors for financial reasons because one payer aims to shift the financial burden for the medication to the other sector. Policy-makers have understood the importance of better collaboration between the sectors, and some European countries introduced policies addressing the issue. The article presents examples of how reimbursement and procurement policies can be designed to improve the collaboration between the outpatient and hospital sectors. Committees that decide whether or not a medicine should be covered may contain representatives from both sectors; they may be mandated to take decisions that apply to medicines for outpatient use and administered in hospitals. Purchasers of both sectors may procure jointly a medicine. Supporting tools, such as the assessment of a medicine to support the decision on coverage and the price, may be used in both sectors. Financing solutions can reduce the incentive for one sector to shift a medicine to the other sector. These measures can help that patients gain improved access to affordable medicines. However, despite the introduction of such interface policies in some countries, policy-makers still need to continue working on overcoming the fragmentation in the pharmaceutical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine collaboration between the government and philanthropic foundations in the age of new governance. This focuses on analysing the relationship that was formed between PFs and the government in Israel during the development and operation of two joint projects initiated by PFs, which aimed to promote collaboration between the two sectors in the fields of children at risk and the public education system. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative, thematic content analysis was used to study the relationships that emerged between the PFs and the government. Data were collected from an examination of documented materials and interviews with key participants in the two projects from both parties. Findings – The article presents the interface between government and philanthropic foundations in the age of new governance. Several major factors that shape these relations in collaborative projects emerged from the comparative analysis of the two case studies and are relevant to public sector management: the different perceptions of government and philanthropic foundations that guide the collaborations, the politics of collaboration and the power relations between PFs and government. Research limitations/implications – Further research might examine other examples of collaboration between PFs and government, since the research reported here comprises only two case studies. Originality/value – As collaborations between government and philanthropic foundations are expanding in many countries as part of new-governance structures, the article presents a valuable insight for both academics and practitioners about relationships between these two sectors, and especially collaboration that involves actors from the New Philanthropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This article aims to explore the role of organisational legitimacy in understanding the emergence and development of "cross-sector collaboration" between social enterprises and corporations. Design/methodology/approach – An in-depth case study of a long-standing but fragile partnership between a UK-based Fair Trade social enterprise and a large corporate retailer provides exploratory findings on the role of legitimacy at different stages of the collaboration process. Findings – The findings highlight how pragmatic and moral legitimacy are mobilised by the social enterprise to justify collaboration throughout three major stages: the very decision of cross-sector collaboration; the choice of the partner and the framing of the partnership; and the evolution of the collaboration. Research limitations/implications – While Fair Trade is not the only sector in which social enterprise-corporate partnerships take place, it has been a pioneering domain revealing the potential as well as the challenges of such partnerships. Taking into account the role of legitimacy throughout the collaborative process is crucial both for comprehensive research and for informed practice. Originality/value – Although it is documented by a single case study, this paper opens new research avenues to examine social enterprise-corporate collaborations by developing a "non-functionalist" view of such collaborations and showing the importance of legitimacy in understanding why and how they emerge, develop and sometimes fail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract 1 [1] Based on a presentation at ANZAM 2011. McDonald, S., Young, S. 2011. Mapping the path of a sustainable cross-sector partnership, ANZAM 2011: 25th Annual Australian And New Zealand Academy of Management conference: the future of work and organisations, ANZAM, Wellington, N.Z. : Changing environmental conditions, heightened stakeholder expectations and resource demand pressures have forced the mining sector to continually improve their operational practices whilst engage in Corporate Social Responsibility practices. Closer inspection of these practices within the mining sector reveals a level of differentiation with regard to innovative practices which seek to improve operational practice, modify organizational behaviours and redress environmental impacts. This paper explores the 30-year journey taken by mining giant, Alcoa of Australia, as they addressed their social and environmental responsibilities. In particular, the focus is on the collaborative relationship between Alcoa of Australia and the environmental nonprofit organization, Greening Australia. Testing partnership lifecycle and continuum models, this paper offers a model of Corporate Social Responsibility enacted through cross-sector partnerships. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Public-private partnerships are often entered by governments interested in using their financial resources and regulatory powers to encourage real estate development in targeted geographic areas. However, the merits of such projects have been drawn into question in some instances due to limited stakeholder involvement, high transaction costs and the inequitable distribution of costs and benefits. These governance issues are explored in the following paper using data collected from a national survey of American Planning Association (APA) members. Although the results suggest planners in both the public and private sector generally have positive attitudes about public-private partnerships, there are notable differences in individual attitudes about the perceived opportunities and challenges of such collaborative ventures. Age, education, gender, race, political orientation and sector of employment are all found to influence planners' attitudes in ways that are important to the study of cross-sector collaboration and representative bureaucracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing interest in the potential for business to make proactive contributions to food security, particularly as part of some form of cross-sector collaboration. Such collaboration can improve value chain efficiency and may also begin to address some of the 'wicked problem' characteristics of food insecurity. Our interviews conducted during the food price crisis in 2008 confirm that a broad cross-section of stakeholders agree that the crisis has cyclical and systemic causes and that it has serious implications for business. We also describe a range of related initiatives already being implemented by companies. There is a degree of ambivalence about the feasibility of improved collaboration, given competitive pressures and concerns about compliance with competition laws. Nevertheless, a number of respondents emphasised the need for improved collaboration on particular issues and the paper identifies a number of these, some of which have since been targeted in a multi-stakeholder initiative, the Southern Africa Food Lab, that builds on this (and other) research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on the collaboration between businesses and Social Service Nonprofits (SSNs) emphasizes the importance of strategic management, based on joint governance and rational decision-making. This article presents a multiple case study analysis of four cross-sector collaborations, between for-profit business organizations and SSNs. The study examined the dynamics of interorganizational collaborations and their management in different stages of the collaboration. Data were collected from 36 in-depth interviews with key players from both organization types. The findings revealed that collaborations were based mainly on non-systematic decision-making and sporadic oral communication, with high participant turnover. Strategic planning was mostly absent, as were attempts to institutionalize administrative processes and procedures, form a new type of governance, and conclude formal agreements. An "organized anarchy" model is proposed to analyze the relations between the organizations and their operations during the collaboration period. Implications for future business-SSN collaborations and for collaboration management are presented and discussed. The study focuses on the inter-organizational dynamics of business-SSN collaboration, and sheds light on the patterns of inconsistency, ephemerality, and randomness that characterize them, using the "organized anarchy" theoretical model. The findings highlight the potential costs of these detected patterns, which might pose a threat to collaboration sustainability and hence to its outcomes, due to instability, participant turn over and lack of appropriate knowledge and training. Next to the potential costs, the findings also highlight the potential benefits of these patterns as they allow for agility, for making quick changes in response to challenges posed by changes in the environment, and for greater creativity and faster reaction to changing needs of the partner organizations, their service-users and staff. The study provides practical suggestions to enhance sustainability of business-SSN collaboration: Appropriate preparation, socialization, orientation and training of the parties to the collaboration, and strategic management of collaboration which includes joint governance mechanisms and frequent communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facilitating success for students with behavioral health challenges requires effective collaboration among professionals from traditionally disparate systems (e.g., education, health, and mental health). The current investigation describes a case-study implementation of a school-based learning collaborative model and explores its effectiveness in promoting knowledge, skill, efficacy, and systems-related improvements in cross-sector collaboration. The learning collaborative (LC) was offered to school teams over the course of a year and consisted of a combination of didactic and experiential learning opportunities, guest speakers, district-specific improvement goals, peer learning and support, and individualized consultation support. Evaluation efforts included evidence demonstrating the efficacy of the LC, improvement in person-centered knowledge skills and competencies, and generation of concrete changes in school systems. Respondents consistently shared that the quality of the LC was high that the topics were highly useful for their day-to-day practice, and that they would recommend the LC to their colleagues and peers. In turn, this process fostered improvement in educators' knowledge, skills, and confidence, and generated systemic improvement in districts to support children with behavioral health needs and their families. Specific components of this model that best account for changes are discussed, along with implications for application and next steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulnerable groups are found to be over-represented in fire fatalities statistics. In official Norwegian documents vulnerability is described as related to factors such as old age, reduced mobility or cognitive abilities, mental health problems, and substance abuse. As vulnerability to fatal fire is frequently related to residents’ health and life situations, prevention work often exceeds the competencies and responsibilities of the fire department. Cross-sector collaboration is therefore required in order to reach the groups that are at risk. This paper reports from a qualitative interview study with representatives from municipal fire services, property management, housing administration, health and social care. The study explores the challenges experienced by service providers in achieving cross-sector collaboration on fire prevention for vulnerable groups. The findings describe challenges at three levels: 1) the national regulatory level represents an obstacle to local cross-sector collaboration, 2) the municipal level lacks strategies and arenas for cross-sector collaboration for fire safety, and 3) the professional level experiences conflicting values and norms, including uncertainties about professional boundaries. Organizational measures that support the fire services in their efforts to reach vulnerable groups must be targeted to all three levels and go beyond the boundaries of the fire services. The study contributes with a social scientific approach to fire prevention and contributes with new perspectives on fire safety for vulnerable residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative arrangements and partnerships are increasingly perceived as the lifeblood of social entrepreneurship. How, why and when collaboration occurs across the social entrepreneurial ecosystem is an emergent area of research emphasis with potential to contribute to and develop new theories as well as provide practical insights. This introductory article, for the special issue on ‘The Collaborative Dynamic in Social Entrepreneurship’, draws on extant literature and three original contributions to explore the nature and challenges of the collaborative imperative in social entrepreneurship and to present possible avenues for future research. It also comments on theoretical underpinnings and provides methodological insights for the future study of collaborative social entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]