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The phenomenon of wind abandoned caused by fault of transmission lines has occurred frequently. Since fault current output by wind turbine after fault may induce the frequency variation of the fundamental frequency, fault location based on the fundamental resistance is easily invalid. In order to locate fault accurately and rapidly after wind farm transmission line faults, a time‐domain‐based novel fault location method for transmission line of wind farm is introduced in this paper. The main idea of the proposed scheme is to discretise the distributed‐parameter model of transmission line that is given in the form of partial differential equations by using the finite‐difference time‐domain. In addition, the phase current and voltage at both ends of lines are regarded as boundary conditions. Then, the variational iteration method is utilised to calculate transmission line equations to obtain line length function. At last, fault location function is constructed by a minimised objective function. This paper builds wind power transmission line system simulation model and carries out simulation experiments on PSCAD/EMTDC. To verify the performance of the algorithm, several factors are taken into account for simulation including different fault distances, different fault types, different fault resistances, and different fault inception angles. Simulation results reveal the performance of the proposed method to locate fault for transmission lines connected to wind farm with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper proposes a fault location method based on composite traveling wave, which can easily eliminate the traveling wave from adjacent lines. • The traveling wave from other adjacent lines, which is never detailed discussed in previous research, hinders the accurate identification of wavefront. • The refraction coefficient of busbar with multiple transmission lines is negative for current traveling wave, but positive for reflection coefficient. • The time–frequency matrix is able to present the energy of traveling wave in wideband. As the speedy expansion of power gird, the traveling wave fault locator in substation may not always connect to newly added transmission lines in time, which reduces the effectiveness of fault locator. In this paper, an adjacent fault-free line based fault location scheme for newly additional line is proposed. Since the traveling wave from adjacent fault-free line results in severe difficulty for identification of traveling waves from faulty line, the time–frequency matrix is performed to screen traveling waves. Firstly, in order to remove the influence of waves from remote terminals of adjacent fault-free line, the current refraction coefficient is theoretically analyzed. Due to the negative refraction coefficient, traveling waves from remote terminals of adjacent fault-free line can be reduced by the proposed composite traveling wave. Secondly, the time–frequency matrices of composite traveling wave and original traveling wave is obtained by S-transform. Then, these matrices are applied to form ratio matrix which thoroughly eliminated waves from remote terminals of fault-free lines. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed fault location scheme is thoroughly validated by the simulation of PSCAD/EMTDC. Finally, the proposed fault location method has the great accuracy in simulation tests and field data test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synchronization of the voltage and current from different terminals is generally unachievable in the power grids at mountainous area, which leads to the fault location method with synchronized data to be impossibly utilized. This paper proposes a voltage distribution based fault location scheme with asynchronous data for three-terminal transmission lines. At first, the faulty section is identified by the voltage computed from each terminal due to the boundaries formed by fault point and tee-point. Since the fault current is stable after the transients decay, the asynchronous calculated voltage and current from the terminals without faults can be synchronized by their angle differences to form the voltage and current at faulty section near the tee-point. Then, the voltage distribution of the faulty section can be obtained from the tee-point and the terminal to find the intersection point of them. In order to fully utilize the fault characteristics in the voltage and current, the earth mode and the minimum of the voltage distribution are applied to optimize the fault location results for grounding faults and multi-phase faults, respectively. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed fault location scheme is thoroughly validated by the simulation of PSCAD/EMTDC. At last, a set of the field data acquired by wave recorders is applied to test the feasibility of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fault classification and location is a major area of investigation among power system problems and intelligent system application. A novel hybrid fault classification and location algorithm based on S-transform and artificial neural network for UHVDC line is proposed in this paper. The BP artificial neural networks are designed to distinguish the non-fault transient, classify and locate faults with transient energy which are extracted by S–transform from DC voltage signals. The effect of the high ground fault resistance, transients caused by lightning strokes and different fault location are considered in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• This paper proposes a fault location method based on directional traveling wave principle for wind power transmission line. • The similarity of forward current traveling wave and reverse current traveling wave at both ends of line is higher after external fault, while similarity of forward current traveling wave and reverse current traveling wave at both ends of line is lower after internal fault. • Discrete Frechet distance is utilized to calculate similarity coefficient of forward traveling wave and reverse traveling wave at both ends of transmission line. The short-circuit current from the new energy power generator presents special characteristics such as frequency shift, restricted amplitude, unequal positive and negative sequence impedance, high percentage of harmonic content, etc., resulting in the risk of misoperation or rejection of conventional protection. By analyzing the propagation characteristics of traveling wave in the transmission line after the fault, this paper reveals difference between traveling wave waveforms at both ends of the line under internal fault and external fault. The similarity between forward traveling wave and reverse traveling wave at both ends of line is higher when an external fault occurs, while the similarity between the forward traveling wave and reverse traveling wave is lower after internal fault. According to this difference, a pilot protection algorithm based on discrete Frechet distance is proposed, which can calculate similarity coefficient of forward traveling wave and reverse traveling wave at both ends of line to construct protection criteria, and then identify internal and external fault. Through the analysis of PSCAD/EMTDC and experiment platform of hardware-in-the-loop test verify that the proposed protection algorithm can accurately and reliably distinguish internal and external fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the complex structure of the T-connection transmission lines, it is extremely difficult to identify the reflected travelling wave from the fault point and that from the connection point by the measurement from only one terminal. According to the characteristics of the structure of the T-connection transmission line, the reflection of the travelling wave within the line after the failure of different sections in T-connection transmission line are analyzed. Based on the lattice diagram of the travelling wave, the sequence of travelling waves detected at the measuring terminal varies with the fault distance and the faulty section. Moreover, the sequence of travelling waves detected in one terminal is unique at each faulty section. This article calculates the arrival time of travelling waves of fault points at different locations in different sections to form the collection of the travelling wave arrival time sequence. Then the sequence of travelling waves of the new added fault waveforms is extracted to compare with the sequences in the collection for the faulty section identification and fault location. This proposed method can accurately locate the fault with different fault types, fault resistances and system impedances by only single-terminal fault data. Both Power Systems Computer Aided Design/ Electromagnetic Transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) and actual measurement data are implemented to verify the effectiveness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]