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This note is written to show that the definition of the LA-semihypergroup by V. Amjad, K. Hila and F. Yousafzai "Generalized hyperideals in locally associative left almost semihypergroups, New York J. Math. 2014" should be corrected and that it is not enough to replace the multiplication "·" of an LA-semigroup by the hyperoperation "ο" to pass from an LA-semigroup to an LA-semihypergroup. The two examples of the paper based on the definition of the LA-semihypergroup are wrong that is a further indication that this definition needs correction. According to the last section of the paper, the paper generalizes the results of an LA-semigroup by M. Akram, N. Yaqoob and M. Khan "On (m, n) -ideals of left almost semigroups, Appl. Math. Sci. (Ruse) 2013" while the paper duplicates, without citation, the section 4 of the paper by W. Khan, F. Yousafzai, W. Guo and M. Khan "On (m, n) -ideals of left almost semigroups, J. Semigroup Theory Appl. 2014" with the usual change of "·" to "ο". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the research reported in this paper, using a modified version of the interconnected model of teacher professional growth (IMTPG) proposed by Clarke and Hollingsworth (Teaching Teacher Educ 18:947–967, 2002), we aimed to understand the learning dynamics in a lesson study of a group of five teachers of grades 5–6, during their work around mathematical tasks and in the elaboration and analysis of a diagnostic test of students' knowledge. We draw on examples from a lesson study that took place in a school in Lisbon, involving five teachers that constituted the whole mathematics group of the school. The main feature of our adaptation is the consideration of a Group Domain instead of the Personal Domain of the original model. In the original model, the Domain of Practice had a broad definition but usually it was restricted to classroom experimentation. In the research reported in this paper, the lesson study sessions were taken as part of the Domain of Practice. For data collection, there was audio and video recording of the lesson study sessions and of the research lesson and the writing of a research journal. Data analysis was done using the modified IMTPG. The results suggest that this model is helpful in understanding the processes that make lesson study a valuable professional development setting, contributing to responding to the question of 'how lesson study works' (Lewis et al., Theory and practices of lesson study in mathematics: an international perspective, Springer, New York, 2019). In addition, the use of this model showed that the lesson study promoted the teachers' development regarding knowledge of didactics, especially knowledge of students and their learning processes and of teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-making under uncertainty involves three fundamental components: acts, states of nature, and consequences, as first introduced by Savage (The foundations of statistics, Wiley, New York, 1954). An act is uniquely determined by a number of random consequences that are associated with different states of nature. If the consequences are identical across all states of nature, then the act is state-independent. Prior research on distortion risk measures (DRMs) has primarily focused on state-independent acts. In this paper, we extend the research to state-dependent acts by introducing a state-dependent DRM (SDRM) under the Anscombe–Aumann's framework (Anscombe and Aumannin in Ann Math Stat 34(1):199–205, 1963). The proposed SDRM is the weighted average of DRMs at each state, where the weights are determined by the decision maker's (DM's) subjective probabilities of the states. In situations where there is incomplete information about the DM's true distortion function and/or the true subjective probabilities of the states, we introduce a preference robust SDRM (PRSDRM) for acts. The PRSDRM is based on the worst-case state-dependent distortion function and the worst-case subjective probabilities over a dependent joint ambiguity set constructed with partially available information. To compute the PRSDRM numerically, we show that when the distortion functions are concave, it can be formulated as a biconvex program and further as a convex program by changing some variables. As a motivation and application, we use the PRSDRM for decision-making problems and propose an alternating iterative algorithm for solving it. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to assess the performance of our proposed model and computational scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using generalizability (G-) theory as a theoretical framework and research methodology, this study examined the impact of the current one-rater holistic scoring practice on the rater variability and reliability of constructed response questions in New York State high-stakes tests of grades four and six English language arts (ELA) and grades four and five mathematics assessments. Following the New York State scoring rubrics, a total of 36 grades four and six ELA constructed response samples and 72 grades four and five mathematics constructed response samples were marked holistically by ten independent raters having current certifications as educators in the State of New York. The results indicated that the current single-rater holistic scoring practice would not be able to yield acceptable G-coefficients for the New York State grades four and six ELA and grades four and five mathematics assessments. Implications for assessment policy making at the local and state levels are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One critical objective of high-quality education is to provide citizens literate in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) to ensure economic success (as reported by Newcombe (Harnessing spatial thinking to support STEM learning (OECD Education Working Papers, No. 161), OECD Publishing, Paris, 2017). Many studies have found a correlation between STEM skills and spatial ability. A meta-analysis of studies (as reported by Hawes et al. (in Davis (ed), Spatial reasoning in the early years: Principles, assertions, and speculations, Routledge, New York, 2015) reported that interventions to teach spatial skills resulted in significant improvement, approximately doubling the number of people with spatial skills associated with being an engineer. Most educational programs lack a focus on spatial skills, especially in early years when children are developing their spatial sense of the world and building a foundation for later, more complex, spatial skills. Little research exists showing what young children do when allowed to explore materials with little or no adult direction. This qualitative study was designed to address that gap and provide evidence of spatial skills in young children, specifically toddlers (12–36 months old). A variety of common household materials were set out during free play time, and educators provided minimal guidance while children played. Trained videographers recorded for 10 h (twice a week for 1 h over a 5-week period). Video was open coded for spatial actions children displayed with the materials. The initial codes were then reviewed for common themes and compared to those found in previous studies. Results show that toddlers demonstrated a wide range of spatial skills without educator direction and stayed engaged for long periods of time. Based on these results, implications are presented for educators to support spatial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was showed by Donner in [ Extension of positive operators and Korovkin theorems , Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 904, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1982] that every order complete vector lattice X may be embedded into a cone X^s, called the sup-completion of X. We show that if one represents the universal completion of X as C^\infty (K), then X^s is the set of all continuous functions from K to [-\infty,\infty ] that dominate some element of X. This provides a functional representation of X^s, as well as an easy alternative proof of its existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and fast path computation is essential for applications such as onboard navigation systems and traffic network routing. While a number of heuristic algorithms have been developed in the past few years for faster path queries, the accuracy of them are always far below satisfying. In this paper, we first develop an agglomerative graph partitioning method for generating high balanced traverse distance partitions, and we constitute a three-level graph model based on the graph partition scheme for structuring the urban road network. Then, we propose a new hierarchical path computation algorithm, which benefits from the hierarchical graph model and utilizes a region pruning strategy to significantly reduce the search space without compromising the accuracy. Finally, we present a detailed experimental evaluation on the real urban road network of New York City, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to generate optimal fast paths and to facilitate real-time routing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let E and F be two complex Hilbert spaces. Let S_{E} and S_{F} be the shift operators on vector-valued Hardy space H_{E}^{2} and H_{F}^{2}, respectively. We show that the cyclic multiplicity of S_{E}\oplus S_{F} ^{\ast } equals 1+\dim E. This result is classical when \dim E=\dim F=1 (see J. A. Deddens [ On A \oplus A^\ast, 1972]; Paul Richard Halmos [ A Hilbert space problem book , Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin, 1982]; Domingo A. Herrero and Warren R. Wogen [Rocky Mountain J. Math. 20 (1990), pp. 445–466]). Our approach is inspired by the elegant and short proof of this classical result attributed to Nikolskii, Peller and Vasunin in Halmos's book [ A Hilbert space problem book , Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin, 1982]. By using the invariant subspace theorems for S_{E}\oplus S_{F}^{\ast } (see M. C. Câmara and W. T. Ross [Canad. Math. Bull. 64 (2021), pp. 98–111]; Caixing Gu and Shuaibing Luo [J. Funct. Anal. 282 (2022), 31 pp.]; Dan Timotin [Concr. Oper. 7 (2020), pp. 116–123]), we characterize non-cyclic subspaces of S_{E}\oplus S_{F}^{\ast } when \dim E<\infty and \dim F=1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the theory of Macdonald [ Symmetric functions and Hall polynomials , The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995], Gordon [Bull. London Math. Soc. 35 (2003), pp. 321–336] showed that the graded characters of the simple modules for the restricted rational Cherednik algebra by Etingof and Ginzburg [Invent. Math. 147 (2002), pp. 243–348] associated to the symmetric group \mathfrak {S}_n are given by plethystically transformed Macdonald polynomials specialized at q=t. We generalize this to restricted rational Cherednik algebras of wreath product groups C_\ell \wr \mathfrak {S}_n and prove that the corresponding characters are given by a specialization of the wreath Macdonald polynomials defined by Haiman in [ Combinatorics, symmetric functions, and Hilbert schemes , Int. Press, Somerville, MA, 2003, pp. 39–111]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospitals under financial pressure may struggle to maintain quality and patient safety and have worse patient outcomes relative to well-resourced hospitals. Poor predictive validity may explain why previous studies on the association between finances and quality/safety have been equivocal. This manuscript employs principal component analysis to produce robust measures of both financial status and quality/safety of care, to assess our a priori hypothesis: hospital financial performance is associated with the provision of quality care, as measured by quality and safety processes, patient outcomes, and patient centered care. Methods: This 2014 cross-sectional study investigated hospital financial condition and hospital quality and safety at acute care hospitals. The hospital financial data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) cost report were used to develop a composite financial performance score using principal component analysis. Hospital quality and patient safety were measured with a composite quality/safety performance score derived from principal component analysis, utilizing a range of established quality and safety indicators including: risk-standardized inpatient mortality, 30-day mortality, 30-day readmissions for select conditions, patient safety indicators from inpatient admissions, process of care chart reviews, CMS value-based purchasing total performance score and patient experience of care surveys. The correlation between the composite financial performance score and the composite quality/safety performance score was calculated using linear regression adjusting for hospital characteristics. Results: Among the 108 New York State acute care facilities for which data were available, there is a clear relationship between hospital financial performance and hospital quality/safety performance score (standardized correlation coefficient 0.34, p<0.001). The composite financial performance score is also positively associated with the CMS Value Based Purchasing Total Performance Score (standardized correlation coefficient 0.277, p = 0.002); while it is negatively associated with 30 day readmission for all outcomes (standardized correlation coefficient -0.236, p = 0.013), 30-day readmission for congestive heart failure (standardized correlation coefficient -0.23, p = 0.018), 30 day readmission for pneumonia (standardized correlation coefficient -0.209, p = 0.033), and a decrease in 30-day mortality for acute myocardial infarction (standardized correlation coefficient -0.211, p = 0.027). Used alone, operating margin and total margin are poor predictors of quality and safety outcomes. Conclusions: Strong financial performance is associated with improved patient reported experience of care, the strongest component distinguishing quality and safety. These findings suggest that financially stable hospitals are better able to maintain highly reliable systems and provide ongoing resources for quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child–nature interaction has undergone drastic changes in modern history, from a free outdoor childhood to a confined daily life connected to electronic devices, with negative consequences to development and well-being. Any resulting lack of connection to the natural environment can hamper involvement in solving environmental problems. This research attempted to assess children’s perceptions of nature, as well as their feelings and values. Six- to 14-year-old children from the Tupinambá group (n = 91), an indigenous society in Brazil, and from New York (n = 54) drew pictures of nature and answered five questions about their drawings, feelings, and values in regard to natural environments. Quantitative (descriptive) and qualitative (content) analyses of the drawings were carried out, and their liveness and animism were estimated. The answers given by children to the questions about nature were organized into emerging categories from the data. The Tupinambá children’s drawings were generally livelier than those of the New York children. However, the difference failed to reach statistical significance among the younger children, and the difference only approached significance among the older children. The drawings of the Tupinambá contained more animism, depicting non-humans and non-animals with facial expressions, than those of the New Yorkers. Compared with the New Yorkers, the Tupinambá children more often included human constructions such as roads and houses in their drawings. The indigenous children more often saw human and non-human elements as integrated compared with the nonindigenous children. The study reinforces theoretical tendencies about the environmental perception of children in relation to the natural environment and highlights peculiarities of the participating groups, indicating relevant questions for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roughly 14% of regular season National Hockey League games since the 2005–06 season have been decided by a shoot-out, and the resulting allocation of points has impacted play-off races each season. But despite interest from fans, players and league officials, there is little in the way of published research on team or individual shoot-out performance. This manuscript attempts to fill that void. We present both generalised linear mixed model and Bayesian hierarchical model frameworks to model shoot-out outcomes, with results suggesting that there are (i) small but statistically significant talent gaps between shooters, (ii) marginal differences in performance among netminders and (iii) few, if any, predictors of player success after accounting for individual talent. We also provide a resampling strategy to highlight a selection bias with respect to shooter assignment, in which coaches choose their most skilled offensive players early in shoot-out rounds and are less likely to select players with poor past performances. Finally, given that per-shot data for shoot-outs do not currently exist in a single location for public use, we provide both our data and source code for other researchers interested in studying shoot-out outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Varied diets are diverse with respect to diet quality, and existing dietary variety indices do not capture this heterogeneity. We developed and evaluated the multidimensional US Healthy Food Diversity (HFD) index, which measures dietary variety, dietary quality and proportionality according to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). In the present study, two 24 h dietary recalls from the 2003–6 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the intake of twenty-six food groups and health weights for each food group were informed by the 2010 DGA. The US HFD index can range between 0 (poor) and 1 − 1/n, where n is the number of foods; the score is maximised by consuming a variety of foods in proportions recommended by the 2010 DGA. Energy-adjusted Pearson's correlations were computed between the US HFD index and each food group and the probability of adequacy for fifteen nutrients. Linear regression was run to test whether the index differentiated between subpopulations with differences in dietary quality commonly reported in the literature. The observed mean index score was 0·36, indicating that participants did not consume a variety of healthful foods. The index positively correlated with nutrient-dense foods including whole grains, fruits, orange vegetables and low-fat dairy (r 0·12 to 0·64) and negatively correlated with added sugars and lean meats (r − 0·14 to − 0·23). The index also positively correlated with the mean probability of nutrient adequacy (r 0·41; P< 0·0001) and identified non-smokers, women and older adults as subpopulations with better dietary qualities. The US HFD index may be used to inform national dietary guidance and investigate whether healthful dietary variety promotes weight control. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives: Little is known about influences of sample selection on estimation in propensity score matching. The purpose of the study was to assess potential selection bias using one-to-one greedy matching versus optimal full matching as part of an evaluation of supportive housing in New York City (NYC). Study Design and Settings: Data came from administrative data for 2 groups of applicants who were eligible for an NYC supportive housing program in 2007–09, including chronically homeless adults with a substance use disorder and young adults aging out of foster care. We evaluated the 2 matching methods in their ability to balance covariates and represent the original population, and in how those methods affected outcomes related to Medicaid expenditures. Results: In the population with a substance use disorder, only optimal full matching performed well in balancing covariates, whereas both methods created representative populations. In the young adult population, both methods balanced covariates effectively, but only optimal full matching created representative populations. In the young adult population, the impact of the program on Medicaid expenditures was attenuated when one-to-one greedy matching was used, compared with optimal full matching. Conclusion: Given covariate balancing with both methods, attenuated program impacts in the young adult population indicated that one-to-one greedy matching introduced selection bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a regression discontinuity approach to study the influence of New York City’s school grading policy on student math and English language arts (ELA) achievement. We find evidence that students in schools receiving a failing grade realized positive effects in English in the 1st year of sanction, but we find no statistically significant effect during the 1st year of sanction on student math achievement. There is no evidence that receiving letter grades other than F had positive effects. Finally, we show that students in schools that received an F-grade in the 1st year continued to realize a positive average ELA effect in the 2nd year and that a positive math effect was evident as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research tells us that academic preparation is key to deaf students' success at college. Yet, that is not the whole story. Many academically prepared students drop out during their first year. This study identified entering deaf college students' personal factors as assessed by their individual responses to both the Noel-Levitz College Student Inventory Form B and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, second edition (LASSI). Entering students in 3 successive cohorts (total n =437) participated in this study. Results show that in addition to entry measurements of reading and mathematic skills, personal factors contributed to the academic performance of students in their first quarter in college. The Noel-Levitz provided the comparatively better predictive value of academic performance: Motivation for Academic Study Scale (e.g., desire to finish college). The LASSI also showed statistically significant predictors, the Self-Regulation Component (e.g., time management) and Will Component (e.g., self-discipline), but accounted for relatively less variability in the students' initial grade point averages. For this group of underprepared students, results show that personal factors can play a significant role in academic success. Deaf students' personal factors are discussed as they relate to other first-year college students and to their subsequent academic performance and persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study entailed a 3 (instructional intervention) × 2 (assessment-type) between-subjects experimental design employing a pretest—intervention—posttest methodology. The instructional interventions were administered between subjects in three conditions: (a) dynamic instruction, (b) triarchic or theory of successful intelligence-control instruction, and (c) standard-control instruction. The assessment-type consisted between subjects of either (a) a group-administered dynamic posttest or (b) the same group-administered posttest interspersed with a control filler activity. Performance in different mathematics content areas taught in fourth grade was investigated. In total, 1,332 students and 63 classroom teachers in 24 schools across six school districts participated in the study. The results indicate the advantages of using dynamic instruction and assessment in regular classrooms while teaching mathematics, especially when the student body is highly ethnically diverse. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reviews the exhibition "The Cartesian MathArt Hive," organized by the Bowery Poetry Club in New York City.