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The article presents information on a meeting of the American Antiquarian Society (AAS) which was held in Boston, Massachusetts on April 30, 1902. A paper on Puritan Mary Griffin was read and commented on by AAS vice-president George F. Hoar. William Dennison Lyman and Henry Smith Pritchett were elected to AAS membership. A paper on archaeological research in Greece was presented. A diary of slave Paul Jennings was donated to the society.

Jaime de Angulo (1886-1950) contributed a number of important early papers to the field of California ethnology. At the urging of two close friends, Franz Boas and Paul Radin, de Angulo formally began his academic career in northern California in the mid-twenties. As de Angulo had already met a number of Achumawi (Pit River) Indians at his ranch up in Alturas, he naturally chose Pit River culture as his primary area of concentration. In 1928 de Angulo's valuable introduction to Pit River religion,"La Psychologie religeuse des Achumawi," was published in the French journal, Anthropos. Two years later the author's study of Pit River grammar, "The Achumawi Language," was published by Boas in his International Journal of American Linguistics. The following excerpts have been drawn, almost at random, from a third and final previously unpublished paper in this series, The Achumawi: A Primitive Tribe of Northern California. A more open and less technical study than the two previous works, the paper provides early evidence of the good humor, rich insight, and irrepressible rambling narrative style that characterize the author's later classics Indians in Overalls and Indian Tales.

Examines the cultural change in relation to physical and cultural influences of American archeology in the Southwestern States of the U.S. Changes of full glacial ecology; Evaluation of artifacts; Question of terminology for stone technology.

This group of 13 archaeologists came mostly from universities and research institutes in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and Niger, with two from American universities. They met under the auspices of the Institute of African Studies, Fourah Bay College—the first time that Sierra Leone has played host to an archaeological symposium. Each participant had been actively engaged on fieldwork in Africa and presented the results of his research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The section presents a review of the paper entitled Archaeology as an Auxiliary Science to American History, by J. C. Harrington, published in the December 1955 issue of the journal "The American Anthropologist." The author points out that archaeology has made contributions to historical data, but very little to history. He suggests that students interested in this field should have training in historical research methods and in the principles of historiography. He recommends specialization, not so much in classes of objects, as in periods and in national backgrounds; for example, English colonial or French colonial, rather than in ceramics, weapons, architecture or the like. Harrington underlines the defect of the archaeologists, namely, a failure to proceed from description and information to analysis and synthesis. He admits the difficulty of publication; how many historical journals or other publishers would want an archaeological study, with illustrations? He thinks that the future of this field lies rather with the history departments than with those of anthropology. Nevertheless, he insists on the flesh and blood contribution that archaeology can make, and with a pertinent quotation from Wertenbaker: "Perhaps the day is not distant when the social historian, whether he is writing about the New England Puritans, or the Pennsylvania Germans, or the rice planters of Southern Carolina, will look underground, as well as in the archives, for evidence."

Examines ancient evidences of man in the Southwestern States of the U.S. Assessment of detailed presentation of field data with photographs and artifacts; Evaluation of ordinary requirements of archeological techniques; Detection of cultural changes.

The article reports that the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association was held at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, on December 28-30, 1910, in connection with the American Folk-Lore Society and the Archaeological Institute of America. The influence of the archaeologists was evident in the papers presented, most of them being of an archaeological nature. Among them were A.M. Tozzer's account of "Recent Explorations in Northern Guatemala," "The Work of the School of American Archaeology in the Past Year," by Miss Alice C Fletcher; "Certain Aspects of New Jersey Archaeology," by Charles Peabody, and the description of "A Pre-Pajaritan Culture in the Rio Grande Drainage," by E. L. Hewitt. The only paper on physical anthropology on the program was one on "Cretan Anthropometry," by Charles H. Hawes of Dartmouth College.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of crop plants in the Cahuilla creation myth through a comparative study of agricultural motifs and elements which may be found elsewhere in Cahuilla mythology or in the myths of other California Indian groups. A number of assumptions will be made and several hypotheses will be tested. Before proceeding to these hypotheses, however, I should like to make several comments about the Cahuilla creation myth and problems which are posed by Mukat's last gift to his people—crop plants.

This paper presents some conclusions I have come to concerning the nature of political organization among the tribes of northern California. I concern myself mainly with the nature of the basic political units, ambilateral residential kin groups. However, these units were involved in several kinds of more complex social, political, and religious systems, which reflected rather favorable ecological conditions and what may seem to be very "exceptional" demographic conditions. Most of these systems were characteristic of "tribelets" which were semi-sedentary, rather than nomadic; organized at the levels of tribes or chiefdoms, rather than just at the "band level"; and which had population densities well above the one per square mile figure so often cited as the upper limit for hunting-gathering populations.

In this paper, I extend into the domain of plant life the consideration of intersection begun by Haas within the framework of body-part terms. Under discussion here are the diachronic complexities manifested by some northern Hokan morphemes occurring in terms for plants, trees, and bushes. These morphemes, all having a general interpretation 'of the plant world', make up two separate phonological subsets whose members are cognate. The fact that there are extra-Hokan similars for each subset leads to consideration of the possible extra-Hokan connections.

This paper focuses on the spatial and temporal relationships between the culture types which existed during the span encompassed by the Early and Middle Horizons in the Central California area within the regions of the lower Sacramento Valley, San Francisco Bay, and the North Coast Ranges. It seems clear that a simple unilineal sequence of culture types does not provide an adequate model for understanding the changes which appear to have taken place within this area during this time period and that the transition from one culture type to another did not take place uniformly throughout the area, but rather took place in different regions at different times. Thus, the absolute dating of transitions from one culture type to another must be determined independently for each region. It is recommended that an understanding of the changes which occurred in each region be sought through examination of both technoenvironmental and sociohistorical factors. The relationships proposed here are based upon published and unpublished data from the North Coast Ranges, as well as similar data from San Francisco Bay and the lower Sacramento Valley.

In this paper, I discuss the pattern of Chumash placenaming. Places are named for prominent geographical features and their fancied resemblances, for flora, fauna, and local conditions, and for legendary and mythological incidents. I give priority to those placenames still surviving, of course, but the names of many places long since forgotten appear here too. It is not, however, my purpose to make an exhaustive list of placenames, nor to locate them precisely.

The Yuman-speaking peoples of the Southwest and California were for the most part non-agricultural in pre-contact times, but the tribes of the lower Colorado River Valley did regularly farm. These tribes were, from north to south, the Mohave, Halchidhoma, Yuma (Cuchan), Kahwan, Halyikwamai, and Cocopa. Castetter and Bell (1951:74) estimated that, on the average, they obtained from 30% to 50% of their food supply from agriculture. These percentages are low—and in many years they must have been much lower—yet River Yuman culture differed from that of the Yuman-speaking peoples of California and upland Arizona in many ways, the most fundamental of which represent, we believe, an adaptation to agriculture and to the distinctive environment in which it was practiced. In this paper, we will suggest that the successful practice of agriculture in the Colorado River Valley necessitated a settlement pattern to which the distinctive River Yuman sib system is an adaptation. This in turn gave rise to a form of chieftainship, a type of warfare, and a supporting ideology that was quite unlike that of the non-agricultural Yuman-speaking peoples of California and Arizona.

9000 Years of Prehistory at Diablo Canyon, San Luis Obispo County, California. Roberta S. Greenwood. With an appendix entitled "Fish Remains, Primarily Otohths, from a Coastal Indian Midden (SLo- 2) at Diablo Cove, San Luis Obispo County, California," by John Fitch. San Luis Obispo, California: San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper No. 7. 1972. ix & 120 pp. and 38 figs. $5.00.

The remains of shellfish of various species comprise a significant fraction of many coastal southern California middens. Analysis of the growth rings of certain species permits determination of the season in which the shellfish were collected for food, and hence the season in which the middens were occupied. These data are thus useful for clarifying certain aspects of settlement patterns. The present paper adds two species of Chione clam to the list of molluscs used as indicators of archaeological seasonality, and discusses the implications of these findings for understanding prehistoric settlement adaptations on the southern California coast.

Comments on the proposition of George F. Carter regarding the roles of man and culture on the primitive way of life of American Indians in the Southwestern States of the U.S. Criticism on Carter's reluctance to present archeological data in a simple manner; Question regarding evidence of his proposal; Significance of the weathering of stone in the study.

The article focuses on the dialectical process between brain and tool, which has brought the human brain to its state of development. Brain and tool act and react upon each other directly, without the complications which obscure the later stages. It is, however, precisely this dialectical process which has also brought into existence those branches of science generally called pure or unapplied. To create a new branch of skill, constant and repeated interaction between tool and man are necessary. This postulates that the tool exist and be readily available, that the man be so disposed as to be able to seize and use it. The tool in this instance is the flying camera. The man must have a minimum of interest and skill in archaeology, he must have contacts with aviation and photography, and he must have leisure and means to develop the new technique. The influence of the collector still overshadows and darkens some regions of archeology. It has led us to the impasse of pure, a priori, typology. It led, for instance, to a wholly false classification of the remains found in the Swiss pile-dwellings.

The article discusses the relevance of time and size as factors to be considered in the ecology study. It relates that time scale for the soil is derived from several resources including archeology, historical records in the form of maps, geological evidence or from the age of woody plants growing in the soil are the resources to determine the time scale. It explores on various ecological studies together with their findings on the formation and development of soil in forests, grasslands, pod sols and other ecosystem. It contends that the size of communities in the studies must be first dealt in the ecological studies.

The last decade has witnessed a marked increase in the study of social anthropology, cultural sociology and archaeology in several Latin American countries and particularly in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. There are several booknotes that will serve to illustrate some of the trends in this phase of sociology in these three countries. E. Roquette-Pinto, of the Brazilian Academy, is one of the most active and critical of Brazil's social anthropologists. In his book "Ensaios de Anthropologia Brasiliana," he is concerned primarily with population, migration and race. This last subject occupies more than half of the volume and ranges from race fertility to the spiritual qualities of the Negroes, Japanese, Indians, Hindus and the Portuguese. Eugenics is a side problem with those of race and population. The most important essay in the volume is on the anthropological types of Brazil, in which he reviews critically the accumulated literature on the subject. Numerous North Americans are cited and their views discussed. Of the fifteen essays in the Brazilian Studies, three are of especial interest to readers.