Search

The article presents facts and information about several issues. "Cleopatra's Needle" is being destroyed slowly by the atmosphere in London, Great Britain. Newspapers consume six hundred million pounds of paper annually, while seventy-two thousand dollars are spent by the government yearly for twine to tie up the mail packages.

This paper introduces the term "landscape meteorology" to cover a variety of beliefs associating significant atmospheric processes and results with culturally induced features of the landscape. These beliefs, which became prominent during the period of discovery, played an important role in early America and during the settlement period of the Plains. In the forested East, weather and climate modification centered largely on deforestation and reforestation. The concept ot the tree-rainfall syndrome was also transferred to the West, where it received much attention. New and largely indigenous Western concepts regarding landscape forms of weather and climate modification stressed plowing the hard sod, facilitating electrical expression by means, and storing water and (including irrigation) to humidify and cool the air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chamber to house two marmosets in a space-simulated environment was built and tested. The chamber was used in three experiments of two weeks duration each to study changes in the oral microflora of marmosets exposed to an atmosphere of 70% oxygen and 30% nitrogen at 5 psi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a reply to the comment of the article written by John E. Oliver entitled "A Genetic Approach to Climatic Classification," previously published in "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Selection of poor examples in the quest for stations that do not fit the scheme suggested in the paper; Questionability on the usage of short-term and old data in any climatological analysis; Role played by air masses in maritime origin in the determination of the summer climate of some continental stations.

The major exobiological problem is the detection of life on other planets. The present paper presents experimental data on gas exchange between different samples of terrestrial soils and the atmosphere. The feasibility of applying the gas chromatographic technique to the detection of extraterrestrial life is discussed.

The current status of radiation protection in Canada has been summarized in the present paper, the first of a three-part series. Particular emphasis has been placed on the role of the Radiation Protection Division of the Department of National Health and Welfare. Somatic and hereditary effects of radiation exposure are briefly discussed as a basis for an understanding of the radiation protection standards which have been developed at national and international levels. The rapid increase in use of radioactive materials and x-ray apparatus in medicine, industry and research, and the extensive atmosphere testing of nuclear weapons have led to the development of comprehensive radiation protection activities in Canada, especially in the Department of National Health and Welfare. Well-established lines of communication and liaison exist among the various agencies responsible for these activities.

Atmospheres capable of producing organic compounds under primitive conditions are discussed in the light of recent experimental evidence. The atmosphere of Mars is discussed, in particular, the observations of Sinton of reflection spectra with features at 3.45, 3.58, and 3.69, which are attributes to C-H bands and the presence of organic molecules. Colthup interprets these features as being representative of organic aldehydes and suggests specifically, acetaldehyde. Many works have considered these observations as being indicative of life on Mars. Rea has offered alternative hypotheses. This paper presents experimental evidence of yet another possible explanation; that organic compounds are being produced in the Martian atmosphere, and may be responsible for Sinton's observations. The influence of such syntheses on possible Martian organisms is discussed. Various possible Martian atmospheres have been irradiated with ultraviolet light as well as other possible energy sources and a variety of organic end products have been identified. Martian atmospheres plus acetaldehyde as a starting point have also been used and end products analyzed. Possible abiogenic pathways for Mars are discussed.

The article reports on the need for a re-evaluation, leading to the re-emphasis, redirection and modification by strengthening and extending materials used in areas of science important in the understanding of aircraft. Science implications in the study of flying in relation to the atmosphere include the gases that compose the atmosphere and the decrease in air pressure as one ascends the atmosphere. An outline in science for Grades 1-6 used in elementary schools in Detroit, Michigan is presented. Science teachers should direct science work so that children will gain an understanding in science that will help them live in an air age.

A method for the growing of roots in narrow glass these is described. This method makes it easy to follow the growth in length for some days in the beginning of the growth period under controlled conditions. For wheat roots this method gives a greater growth rate than will the roots submerged in nutrient solutions. The influence of oxygen at a pressure of about one atmosphere on the growth of wheat roots has been investigated. Oxygen has only slight effect on growth during the first day. If the treatment is continued a gradually stronger inhibition is developed and after two or three days the growth has practically ceased. Both the number of elongated cells and cell elongation is inhibited. The recovery is slow and incomplete if the exposure to oxygen has lasted long enough to give strong inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the role of U.S. government the development of weather modification programs. The federal government should enunciate national policies concerning weather modification activities within the country. The ultimate goal of weather modification would be the ability to control weather phenomena affecting the safety and economy of national activities. In addition, the government should promote research leaning to the description, prediction, and development of capabilities in modification of the atmosphere.

The article provides information on planet Earth. Earth is the most comfortable and pleasant place for humanity to reside. It spins on the black vacuum space at exactly the proper distance from the sun and it has abundant supply of water and air. Its atmosphere provides a right depth and composition to take the wave lengths of solar energy that maintains and activate the processes of life and separate those that would destroy it and it relocates everywhere with life in a different form, size, color and activity.

Is a marketing system that maximizes individual choice and stresses individual satisfaction anachronistic in a world with growing awareness of its limited environmental resources? The author believes marketing is about to undergo a profound change by shifting its emphasis to nonmaterial consumption and societal considerations. Several ways are suggested in which marketing might adapt to the changed circumstances brought about by environmental pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the article written by John E. Oliver entitled "A Genetic Approach to Climatic Classification," previously published in "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Utilization of air mass in meteorology; Importance of air mass as a device for summarizing several kinds of information about atmospheric environment; Alleged inability of Oliver's paper to establish the value of air masses.

Comments on the article written by John E. Oliver entitled "A Genetic Approach to Climatic Classification," previously published in "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Remarkable features on the genetic approach of Oliver to climatic classification; Determinants of air mass provenance; Illustration on the weakness of the classification; Expectation on a scheme that classifies air masses by temperature without regard to the season of the year.

The section of "Laundering and Dry-Cleaning" focuses on disinfection in laundry services. It is stated that it is not possible in the course of normal laundering or cleaning to provide textiles that will be completely free from micro-organisms in any form. It is also observed that an article that is sterilized at some stage of processing is exposed to the ordinary atmosphere afterwards can no longer be regarded as sterile as it may have become reinfected. Since a washing temperature of 65°C will disinfect satisfactorily, a very wide variety of textiles was recommended to be processed safely under these conditions.

This article presents a study regarding the forests of the western portion of the Caucasus range. The very fertile stretch of land of Colchis lies on the eastern shores of the Black Sea. The parts of Asia and Europe which lie around the high ridge of the Caucasus are mostly dry grasslands and dry deserts. The southwestern part is thickly wooded all over and the water-laden southerly winds which beat against the high walls of the Caucasus bring great quantities of atmospheric moisture and rain to Colchis.

Examines special maps for charting storm movements in the U.S. Fundamentals of aerography; Assessment of the structure of atmosphere in general and sequence of weather changes; Evaluation of the lines of equal pressure.

Maps of the zonal and meridional components of the vertically integrated total horizontal mean flux of water vapor have been constructed for the North American Sector using 0000 GMT data from the period June through August 1958. Flux divergence maps, computed from the 3-month average flux maps and from the average of the three individual monthly flux maps, are in good agreement. However, important diurnal flux variations exist over much of this area, at least during the summer months, so that data from only one observation time do not adequately define the mean daily flux and flux divergence. (Key words:North America; atmosphere; hydrologic cycle) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different CO2 concentrations on the extension growth of Avena coleoptiles in the dark have been investigated with the aid of an auxanometer capable of recording automatically the completion of growth increments of 23 μ against a time scale. In air, and in CO2-free air, the rates of elongation recorded varied only within values ±12% of the mean value. In 100 % oxygen rates falling within values ±20 % of the mean rate were recorded. In CO2 concentrations between 0.5 % and 10 %, however, the recorded growth rates fluctuated as much as 90 % above and below the mean value which was in every case above the mean value recorded for the same coleoptile during the period in air before transfer to the CO2 concentration. On transfer from air to gas mixtures containing 15 % and higher concentrations of CO2 the response was completely different. First there was a phase of short duration when the growth rate increased rapidly. This was followed by a phase of longer duration during which growth rates fell rapidly. Finally there was a third phase where growth rates remained steady about values very much less than these recorded previously in air. Transfer of coleoptiles from air to anaerobic conditions in an atmosphere composed wholly of CO2 resulted in changes of growth rates which were similar to the pattern seen on transfer lo aerobic mixtures containing 15 % to 90 % CO2. In contrast the transfer from air to anaerobic conditions imposed by an atmosphere of nitrogen resulted in an immediate decrease in growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]