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App-based carpooling is recognized as a solution for sustainable commuting. However, there is currently no widespread acceptance and adoption of app-based carpooling services among urban commuters. The study aims to predict residents' intention to use app-based carpooling services for commuting trips based on the extended Technology Acceptance Model, focusing on perceived risk, social influence, and environmental awareness, and further explore whether there are significant gender differences among these influential factors. A questionnaire was created to empirically test the model and a total of 392 valid surveys were collected in Hefei, China. The results confirm that commuter intention was positively affected by perceived usefulness, social influence, and environmental awareness, while it was negatively influenced by perceived risk. Although the effect of perceived ease of use on intention was not significant, it played a role in enhancing commuters' perceived usefulness of the service. Moreover, gender differences exist regarding the strength of the relationship between environmental awareness and commuter intention. These findings provide practical insights for app-based carpooling providers and transportation departments aiming to promote their services and foster sustainable commuting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of significant theoretical and practical value to study the deposition process and deformation behavior of cold-sprayed particles to find the deposition mechanism of cold-sprayed coatings, further improve the coating performance, and expand its application scope. However, observing the deposition process and particle behavior through experiments is difficult due to the brief deposition duration of cold spray particles. Numerical simulation offers a means to slow the deposition process and predict the critical velocity, deformation behavior, bonding mechanism, and residual stress of cold-sprayed particles. This paper uses finite element analysis software, including ANSYS LS Dynamic-2022 R1 and ABAQUS-6.14, alongside various prevalent finite element methods for numerically simulating cold spray particle deposition. These methods involve the Lagrange, Euler, arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE), and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) to investigate the cold spray particle deposition process. The recent literature primarily summarizes the simulation outcomes achieved by applying these methodologies for simulating the deposition process and deformation characteristics of different particles under varying cold spraying conditions. In addition, the reliability of these simulation results is analyzed by comparing the consistency between the simulation results of single-particle and multi-particle and the actual experimental results. On this basis, these methods' advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are comprehensively analyzed, and the future simulation research work of particle deposition process and deformation behavior of cold spraying prospects is discussed. Future research is expected to provide a more in-depth study of the micro-mechanisms, such as the evolution of the inter-particle and internal organization of the particles, near the actual situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structures composed of aviation aluminium alloys, characterized by their limited rigidity and thin-walled configurations, frequently exhibit deformation after processing. This paper presents an investigation into T-shaped components fabricated from pre-stretched 7075-T7451 aviation aluminium alloy sheets, examining the effects of residual stress and the geometrical parameters of T-shaped components on their deformational behavior. A semi-analytical model, developed to elucidate the bending deformation of T-shaped components subjected to residual stress, was validated through finite element analysis and empirical cutting experiments. The experimental results revealed that the bending deformation deflection of the T-shaped specimen was 0.920 mm, deviating by a mere 0.011 mm from the prediction provided by the semi-analytical model, resulting in an inconsequential error margin of 1.2%. This concordance underscores the precision and accuracy of the semi-analytical model specifically designed for T-shaped components. Moreover, the model's simplicity and ease of application make it an effective tool for predicting the bending deformation of thin-walled T-shaped components under a range of residual stresses and dimensional variations, thereby demonstrating its significant utility in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the economic network patterns and their influencing factors of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GHMGBA) in China, considering population scale, economic development level, and land-resource endowment. By employing a modified gravity model and a social-network method, we quantitatively analyzed urban agglomeration integrity indices, such as network density, edge–core structure, cohesive-subgroup index, and urban individual index (e.g., centrality degree) of this region, encompassing nine cities in Guangdong Province and two special administrative regions. The results revealed significant changes in the economic network patterns within the GHMGBA over time. Furthermore, the quadratic assignment procedure correlation analysis index was used to identify the various factors affecting the strength of the economic interaction. The findings demonstrated an annual increase in the strength of economic interaction between cities and regions within the GHMGBA over the past 20 years, along with the emergence of a polycentric economic development pattern. The results also suggest that the spatial location and level of economic development are key determinants influencing the strength of economic linkages in this area. This study supports the conclusion that deepening exchanges and cooperation among core cities, bolstering economic development in sub-core cities, and facilitating the construction of an integrated regional transportation network will expedite the process of economic integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interplanting is an efficient method of improving nutrient utilization. However, the impact of intraspecific interplanting on rhizosphere microbial nitrogen cycling needs to be studied further. In this study, two corn cultivars were selected as the materials: Zhengdan958 (ZD958, high nitrogen use efficiency) and Denghai3622 (DH3622, low nitrogen use efficiency). Three planting patterns (interplanting, ZD958 monocropping, and DH3622 monocropping) were set up to study the effects of interplanting on crop growth and rhizosphere microbial nitrogen cycle function under two nitrogen levels: low nitrogen (140 kg N ha−1) and normal nitrogen (280 kg N ha−1). The results showed that the grain yield and nitrogen content in interplanting were significantly increased due to an enhanced leaf area index and root dry weight. The nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency were enhanced by 8.14% and 19.38% in interplanting, which resulted in reductions in NH4+ and NO3− content in the rhizosphere. Interplanting enhanced rhizosphere nitrogen cycling processes; nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate reduction were increased. This study demonstrated that interplanting promotes corn nitrogen acquisition from the soil and indirectly regulates rhizosphere microbial function. These findings imply that the intraspecific interplanting of crops with appropriate functional traits is a promising approach to establishing diversified, productive, and efficient resource utilization ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variance or complete loss of the avirulence gene (Avr) enables the pathogen to escape resistance protein (R) recognition. The field resistance effectiveness of the R gene is determined by its corresponding Avr gene in field isolates. To effectively deploy the rice blast R gene Pi54, the distribution, variation and evolution of the corresponding Avr gene, AvrPi54, were determined through PCR amplification, pathogenicity assay, gene sequences and evolutionary analysis. Among 451 Pyricularia isolates from rice and non-rice hosts, including Oryza rufipogon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine coracana, E. indica and Musa sp. in Yunnan province, the PCR amplification result showed that AvrPi54 alleles existed among 218 (48.3%) isolates including rice isolates, O. rufipogon isolates and E. coracana isolates. Pathogenicity assay showed that 336 (74.5%) isolates were avirulent to Tetep (holding Pi54). Five AvrPi54 haplotypes were identified among 142 isolates through the gene sequence. These haplotypes were determined to be avirulent to Pi54 through pathogenicity assay. Four novel haplotypes (H2 to H5) of the AvrPi54 gene would provide new target sites for rice blast control. Haplotype diversity analysis indicated that there existed a lower genetic diversity of AvrPi54 for P. oryzae populations (five haplotypes, Hd = 0.127, π = 2.9 × 10−4) in this study. Neutrality tests showed that AvrPi54's genetic variation was affected by purified selection. Haplotype network and phylogeny analysis showed that H1 was an ancestral haplotype and was widely distributed in rice isolates and O. rufipogon isolates, while H5 diverged early and evolved independently. These results indicate that the gene evolves slowly and stably and is a comparatively conserved Avr gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing conventional neurosurgical navigation systems' high costs and complexity, this study explores the feasibility and accuracy of a simplified, cost-effective mixed reality navigation (MRN) system based on a laser crosshair simulator (LCS). A new automatic registration method was developed, featuring coplanar laser emitters and a recognizable target pattern. The workflow was integrated into Microsoft's HoloLens-2 for practical application. The study assessed the system's precision by utilizing life-sized 3D-printed head phantoms based on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 19 patients (female/male: 7/12, average age: 54.4 ± 18.5 years) with intracranial lesions. Six to seven CT/MRI-visible scalp markers were used as reference points per case. The LCS-MRN's accuracy was evaluated through landmark-based and lesion-based analyses, using metrics such as target registration error (TRE) and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). The system demonstrated immersive capabilities for observing intracranial structures across all cases. Analysis of 124 landmarks showed a TRE of 3.0 ± 0.5 mm, consistent across various surgical positions. The DSC of 0.83 ± 0.12 correlated significantly with lesion volume (Spearman rho = 0.813, p < 0.001). Therefore, the LCS-MRN system is a viable tool for neurosurgical planning, highlighting its low user dependency, cost-efficiency, and accuracy, with prospects for future clinical application enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]