Search

Hemidesmus indicus L. R. Br. is a rare and endangered plant exhibits potent medicinal properties explored for the presence of flavoring compound in the roots namely 2-hydroxy-4- methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) having applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The objective of the study is to improve the regeneration potential and optimize the genetic transformation in Hemidesmus indicus. Present study exhibits direct regeneration of Hemidesmus indicus through leaf and nodal explants with subsequent plant regeneration using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellic acid) TRIA and with adjuvant adenine sulphate,. The caulogenic response of 78.8%, 73.3% and 71.4% was observed when the leaf explant was inoculated on MS media containing 2.3 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.2 mgL− 1 2,4-D, 0.02 mgL− 1 TRIA + 2 mgL− 1 BAP and 1 mgL− 1 KIN + 1 mgL− 1 NAA respectively with creamish yellow nodular friable callus by 4 weeks. The initiation of shoot bud was observed within three days after inoculation of nodal explant on media supplemented with 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA, 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA + 40 mgL− 1 AgNO3, 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA + 40 mgL− 1 AgNO3 + 40 mgL− 1 adenine sulphate respectively and incubated in the dark for 2 weeks. Shoot regeneration from the leaf explants was also observed within 4 weeks after inoculation in MS medium with 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA. In the present study, we also report the development of an effective and reproducible Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation system in Hemidesmus indicus. Genetic transformation was achieved by inoculating in vitro calli of Hemidesmus indicus with the A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring pCAMBIA1301 with 35 S CAMV promoter driving the expression of reporter β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) and hygromycin selection marker hptII. After co-cultivation, the calli were thoroughly washed and inoculated on MS basal medium with (2.3mgL− 1 BAP + 0.2 mgL− 1 2,4-D) along with cefotaxime (250 mgL− 1) and hygromycin (30 mgL− 1) and the co-cultivated callus cultures were maintained in dark at 25 ̊C ± 2 ̊C for 4 weeks. After two rounds of subculture, the putative transformed calli were assessed by performing histochemical GUS staining assay and genomic DNA PCR to detect the exogenous GUS gene sequence. The transformation efficiency was 26% with transformed calli tolerant to hygromycin (30 mg L−1) and were positive to histochemical GUS staining assay and PCR. The results indicated a successful establishment of a reliable and efficient A. tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation system. The in-vitro micropropagation is a well-known technique for the mass production of the plant and thus aid in conservation of H. indicus. Through transformation, the regulatory and the biosynthetic genes can be manipulated for enhancement of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical bioactive compounds present in H. indicus and can also be applied for generating transgenic plants with desirable traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we address the challenge of maximizing the effectiveness of warheads by targeting the structurally vulnerable points of the intended targets in three-dimensional engagements. We first transform the problem of achieving the target interception at the desired impact angles into the one of tracking desired line-of-sight (LOS) angles and their corresponding rates. The guidance strategies, derived considering coupled and nonlinear kinematics in three-dimensional engagements, guarantee the interception of non-maneuvering and maneuvering targets from desired impact directions within a finite time. The proposed approach allows the designer to specify the times of convergence, regardless of initial engagement geometries. Owing to the sliding mode control approach and the predefined-time stability notion, the proposed guidance methods are robust enough to compensate for the effects of target's maneuver and satisfy the response time constraints. To achieve the guidance objectives with enhanced transient and terminal performances, we construct the sliding surfaces using the LOS angles errors and their rates, with predefined times. The choices of such sliding functions allow us to derive the guidance laws that drive the error variables and their rates to the origin within assigned times. Moreover, we analyze the effect of tuning parameters on the dynamics using the Lyapunov stability theory. Such analysis allows us to obtain continuous guidance commands without necessitating any approximation of the signum function, eliminates singularity and chattering in the lateral accelerations and enables a better guidance precision and disturbance attenuation. Guidance strategies for the planar engagement are obtained as the special cases of proposed guidance schemes. Finally, we perform numerical simulations using the proposed guidance strategies for various engagement geometries and terminal conditions, where the pursuer moves at a constant speed, and the results are satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work reported in this paper describes the design and simulation of a novel current mirror readout circuit based MOSFET integrated cantilever structure for micro-gram (μ g) mass sensing applications. The proposed mass sensing structure consist of silicon cantilever as the micromechanical structure, MOSFET as strain sensing element and current mirror as a readout circuit. In this paper, studies have been carried out on three structures (a) n-channel MOSFET based resistive loaded current mirror integrated cantilever mass sensor (b) p-channel MOSFET based resistive loaded current mirror integrated cantilever mass sensor and (c) n- and p- channel MOSFETs based dual current mirror integrated cantilever mass sensor. The input MOSFET(s) of the current mirror acts as the reference transistor(s) while the output MOSFET(s) of the mirror circuit acts as strain sensing element(s) to measure the cantilever deflection under externally applied load. The structural and the electrical characteristics of the sensors were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics and TSPICE software respectively. Simulation results showed a sensitivity of 21.89 μ V/ μ g, 1 μ V/ μ g and 115.57 μ V/ μ g for nMOS, pMOS and dual channel cantilever mass sensor. The fabrication steps and mask layout of the proposed sensor have also been presented in this paper. The novelty of this work is emphasized by the innovative integration of a CMOS current mirror circuit with a cantilever for mass sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effects of a non-uniform laminar flow past a circular cylinder using the direct numerical simulation approach. Compared to the cylinder immersed in a uniform flow case, modifications caused by the non-uniform approaching flow on the evolution of the flow and sound fields are studied in detail in the present work. The prescribed non-uniform velocity profile at the inlet has a Gaussian distribution and imitates a jet or a wake flow velocity profile. The sound is generated due to periodic vortex shedding behind the circular cylinder. The frequency of vortex shedding and the strength of the shed vortices depend on the inflow velocity profile. Hence, variation of the inflow velocity profile alters the shed vortices, changing the generated sound field. It is observed that the amount of gain or deficit present in the prescribed inflow velocity profile compared to the uniform inflow profile alters the sound field information. The jet kind of inflow profile creates a sound of higher frequency and intensity in contrast to the wake kind of inflow profile. The presence of shear in the inflow velocity profile is also expected to change the sound propagation direction. However, in present simulations, the distance over which sound propagation is considered is small compared to the wavelength of the sound waves, and sound beam drift effects are not observed much. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the intelligent, adaptive nature of various operations and their ability to provide maximum comfort to the occupants residing in them, smart buildings are becoming a pioneering area of research. Since these architectures leverage the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a need for monitoring different operations (occupancy, humidity etc.) to provide sustainable comfort to the occupants. This work proposes a novel approach for intelligent building operations monitoring using rule-based complex event processing (CEP) and query-based approaches for dynamically monitoring the operations. Siddhi is a CEP engine designed for handling multiple sources of events data in real time and processing it according to predefined rules using a decision tree. Since datastream is dynamic in nature, to keep track of different operations, we have converted the IoT data into an RDF (Resource Description Framework) dataset. The RDF dataset is ingested to Apache Kafka for streaming and for stored data we have used GraphDB tool that extracts information with the help of SPARQL query. Additionally, a large number of events are passed through CEP for correlating and analyzing events in real time, and we measure the performance of CEP engines through SPARQL for enhancing decision support. The proposed approach is evaluated by deploying rules to events through the CEP engine and assessing their processing efficiency in terms of time. Subsequently, a risk estimation scenario is proposed to generate alerts for end users if any smart building operations need immediate attention. However, the proposed work has limitations regarding adaptive and standard parameters, which may cause the rules to fail in adapting to changing data streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "A conceptual study on novel current mirror integrated cantilever (CMIC) mass sensor for micro-gram (µg) range sensing applications" published in the journal Microsystems Technologies. The correction addresses an error in the affiliation of two authors, providing the correct affiliations for Kalpana Gogoi and Shashi Kumar. The original article has been corrected. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]