Search

Purpose: In this study, first, second, third, and fourth-order derivative spectrophotometric methods utilizing the peak—zero (P—O) and peak-peak (P—P) techniques of measurement were developed for the determination of levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin. These methods were applied to their combined pharmaceutical dosage form or individually for levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Methods: Linearity was established in the concentration range of 2–20 µg/mL. The procedures are simple, quick, and precise. The developed methods are sensitive, accurate, and cost-effective, demonstrating excellent correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.9998) and mean recovery values ranging from 99.20% to 100.08%, indicating a high level of precision. Results: The developed approach was effectively employed to determine the levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin content in commercially available pharmaceutical dosages. Conclusions: Statistical analysis and recovery tests confirmed the method's linearity and accuracy. The results suggest that this method can be utilized for routine analysis in both bulk and commercial formulations. The simplicity, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness of the developed methods make them valuable for pharmaceutical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a robust and simple technique with efficient algorithmic implementation for numerically solving the nonlocal evolution problems. A theta-type (θ -type) convolution quadrature rule is derived to approximate the nonlocal integral term in the problem under consideration, such that θ ∈ (1 2 , 1) , which remains untreated in the literature. The proposed approaches are based on the θ method ( 1 2 ≤ θ ≤ 1 ) for the time derivative and the constructed θ -type convolution quadrature rule for the fractional integral term. A detailed error analysis of the proposed scheme is provided with respect to the usual convolution kernel and the tempered one. In order to fully discretize our problem, we implement the orthogonal spline collocation (OSC) method with piecewise Hermite bicubic for spatial operators. Stability and error estimates of the proposed θ -OSC schemes are discussed. Finally, some numerical experiments are introduced to demonstrate the efficiency of our theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]