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In light of the challenges posed by climate change and rural revitalization, high-quality construction in rural areas is facing significant obstacles from rainstorm flooding. This study adopts a regional disaster system analysis framework and examines the characteristics of rural rainstorm flooding disasters, including the instability of the breeding environment, the hazard characteristics, and the vulnerability of the exposure. Using this framework, we explore the various causes of rainstorm flooding in rural China, assess the effectiveness of responses to these disasters, and examine the differences between urban and rural responses. Our analysis reveals that the increase in rainstorm flooding in rural China is a complex result of multiple factors, including increased risk, instability, and vulnerability. While rural areas have made some progress in monitoring and responding to rainstorm flooding disasters, they remain weaker than cities in terms of governance and disaster management systems. To address these challenges, we recommend increased attention to rural flood control and disaster reduction, stronger preparation for disaster prevention and reduction plans, enhanced rural disaster infrastructure defense, increased financial support for water conservancy projects, and stronger professional emergency response teams, disaster relief equipment, and materials. Additionally, we recommend strengthening disaster prevention and reduction education and publicity among rural residents to promote the ability to self-rescue and mutual rescue. The disastrous impact of climate change and resulting extreme weather events on rural areas has become increasingly evident in recent years. China's vast rural areas have been particularly affected by frequent rainstorm flooding disasters. This paper identifies the increase in rainstorms, the instability of the disaster breeding environment in rural areas, and the increased vulnerability of exposures in these areas as the main reasons behind the intensification of rural rainstorm flooding. To mitigate the impact of these disasters, attention should be paid to natural disaster risk management, normalized flood control, and disaster reduction in rural areas. This requires overall coordination of rural disaster prevention and reduction planning, emphasis on improving the defense capacity of rural areas, increasing financial support for defensive water conservancy projects, promoting the construction of professional emergency rescue teams in rural areas, scientifically distributing flood prevention and disaster relief equipment and materials, strengthening publicity and education on disaster prevention and reduction, and enhancing rural disaster prevention awareness and self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Droughts are increasing in frequency and intensity as the global climate changes. Risk assessment for agricultural drought disasters is an important approach for disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the formation mechanism of natural disaster risk, the index system model of agricultural drought risk assessment in North China was constructed, and the robustness of the established risk assessment model was tested by using the internal test method. Then based on the characteristics of agricultural drought risk formation in North China, the paper proposes corresponding risk prevention recommendations. The conclusions were as follows: when adjusting the indices and methods in the risk assessment model, the range of changes in the agricultural drought risk ranking for each city was mostly 1-2.5 places, and the model was relatively robust. With the exception of Beijing and Tianjin, which had the highest disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, central and northern China had the highest agricultural drought risk, which was previously linked to the high risk and vulnerability of these regions. The agricultural drought risk in northern Henan and southern Shandong is low, mainly due to the low risk. The 34 cities in North China can be divided into 6 agricultural drought risk clusters, which are not dispersed in space and cross-city distribution, and have good aggregation. Cluster 4, located in the northernmost mountainous areas, has the highest risk of drought, which is associated with high environmental vulnerability and low capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation, so agricultural areas should be reduced and agricultural input should be increased. Clusters 2, 5 and 6, located in the central and southern regions, have higher grain acreage and yields due to drought, so agricultural drought risk can be further reduced by increasing agricultural input and improving irrigation guarantee rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]