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Asylum has historically been a refuge for the persecuted. However, it now faces a fundamental antagonism between asylum and law, which often overlooks the rights of children seeking asylum. This paper explores the historical concept of asylum law from its inception in antiquity and the Roman era and its entanglements with the education of children. It also examines asylum's relevance to current conflicts over the educational rights of asylum-seeking children and how international conventions have neglected these rights. To contextualize the ambiguity of asylum and education, the paper presents a case study of Norway's reception of asylum-seeking children from the 1930s to the present day and how the Norwegian welfare system, which was founded on child rights protection, has struggled with the entry of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. The paper concludes with reflections on the potential impact of education for these children, considering their encounters as temporary educational moments. This exploration focuses on clarifying historical strands, turning points, and threads rather than taking a subjective historical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pravni Vjesnik is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper looks at certain vehicle-level re-routing issues within urban road networks, and related network-level traffic management issues. These arise mostly when the traffic along a route of significance is hindered, slowed down, or even blocked because of some – possibly minor – unexpected, nonrecurring traffic incident at a sensitive road location, or road section. Considerations for planning routes in urban areas – routes that are in some sense robust against such incidents – are presented herein. Also, the on–the–spot detection of traffic queues by an ego-vehicle – relying on data streams from on-board visual line-of-sight (LoS) exteroceptive sensors watching, scanning and monitoring the ego-vehicle's road environment, and by some on-board dedicated real-time detection systems processing and analyzing the incoming data streams – is touched upon. However, this traffic congestion avoidance and mitigating approach – effectuated either by individual autonomous vehicles, or by human drivers – presumes availability of alternative routes, which is not the case for a good portion of the route considered. A route planning approach that could be used for routes with such critical sections is proposed and motivated through an example of an urban route of significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Lebanese-American novelist Rabih Alameddine's representations of the hardships and difficulties that refugee children encounter as they flee their homelands, sometimes as unaccompanied minors. Set on the Greek island of Lesbos during the 2015–2016 refugee crisis, Alameddine's The Wrong End of the Telescope (2021) depicts the sufferings of refugee children, and simultaneously draws on mythological events to underline their miseries and anguishes in contemporary times. By juxtaposing contemporary stories of refugee children with those of children and young people from classical literature, such as Icarus and Arion, Alameddine's narrative attempts to document these stories and save them from oblivion. As the narrator, Dr Mina Simpson, relates the events she witnesses during her sojourn in Lesbos, she becomes aware of her position as a person who once went through similar experiences of deprivation and dislocation. In this sense, The Wrong End of the Telescope critiques and exposes anti-immigration policies implemented by European countries to curb the influx of immigrants and asylum-seekers from the Middle East. Employing a postcolonial perspective, this paper highlights how Alameddine's novel links the contemporary refugee crisis to Europe's colonial past and shows how the Mediterranean has become a cemetery for children and young people who aspire to better living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the problem of computing the entire sequence of the maximum degree of minors of a block-structured symbolic matrix (a generic partitioned polynomial matrix) A = (A α β x α β t d α β ) , where A α β is a 2 × 2 matrix over a field F , x α β is an indeterminate, and d α β is an integer for α = 1 , 2 , ⋯ , μ and β = 1 , 2 , ⋯ , ν , and t is an additional indeterminate. This problem can be viewed as an algebraic generalization of the maximum weight bipartite matching problem. The main result of this paper is a combinatorial -time algorithm for computing the entire sequence of the maximum degree of minors of a (2 × 2) -type generic partitioned polynomial matrix of size 2 μ × 2 ν . We also present a minimax theorem, which can be used as a good characterization (NP ∩ co-NP characterization) for the computation of the maximum degree of minors of order k. Our results generalize the classical primal-dual algorithm (the Hungarian method) and minimax formula (Egerváry's theorem) for the maximum weight bipartite matching problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approaches to implementing online record access (ORA) via patient portals for minors and guardians vary internationally, as more countries continue to develop patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHR) systems. Evidence of ORA usage and country-specific practices to allow or block minors' and guardians' access to minors' records during adolescence (i.e. access control practices) may provide a broader understanding of possible approaches and their implications for minors' confidentiality and guardian support., Aim: To describe and compare minors' and guardian proxy users' PAEHR usage in Sweden and Finland. Furthermore, to investigate the use of country-specific access control practices., Methods: A retrospective, observational case study was conducted. Data were collected from PAEHR administration services in Sweden and Finland and proportional use was calculated based on population statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results., Results: In both Sweden and Finland, the proportion of adolescents accessing their PAEHR increased from younger to older age-groups reaching the proportion of 59.9 % in Sweden and 84.8 % in Finland in the age-group of 17-year-olds. The PAEHR access gap during early adolescence in Sweden may explain the lower proportion of users among those who enter adulthood. Around half of guardians in Finland accessed their minor children's records in 2022 (46.1 %), while Swedish guardian use was the highest in 2022 for newborn children (41.8 %), and decreased thereafter. Few, mainly guardians, applied for extended access in Sweden. In Finland, where a case-by-case approach to access control relies on healthcare professionals' (HCPs) consideration of a minor's maturity, 95.8 % of minors chose to disclose prescription information to their guardians., Conclusion: While age-based access control practices can hamper ORA for minors and guardians, case-by-case approach requires HCP resources and careful guidance to ensure equality between patients. Guardians primarily access minors' records during early childhood and adolescents show willingness to share their PAEHR with parents., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This paper focuses on elaborating and analyzing the state of criminality from the phenomenological dimension and the reaction to juvenile crime in Kosovo in the 2017-2019 research period. In the paper, after the conceptual definition of juvenile delinquency, we will analyze the statistical data of juvenile delinquency registered in the prosecutor's office, their dynamics, such as the imposition of diversity measures, educational measures and punishments in the three-year research period. The purpose of the research is mainly focused on the registered criminal offenses committed by minors and the imposition of diversity measures, educational measures and punishments against minors for committing criminal offenses in Kosovo. The approach to dealing with this topic lies in the recent concerns about the increase in the percentage of juvenile delinquency in Kosovo, especially the increase in the percentage in the Gjilan Region. The method that is used to analyze the phenomenological dimension and criminality is the deskresearch method. Given the topicality of the topic, the scientific approach, we estimate that the results of this research-scientific paper will serve the competent bodies and institutions for the prevention and fight against this negative phenomenon in Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Crimen: Journal for Criminal Justice is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As results may vary depending on the method of examination, this paper analyzes methods of age estimation based on the maturation index of third molars (I3M) and Kohler's developmental stages in living individuals. A total of 1475 orthopantomograms were analyzed. The results showed that the development of third molars tended to be more advanced in males than in females. Regression equations that included the value of the developmental stage of the left third molar most accurately predicted chronologic age in males and females. Using the I3M method, there were no statistically significant bilateral differences between the mandibular right and left third molars. Overall, 82.92% of males and only 72.82% of females were correctly classified with the cut-off value (0.08) for the left mandibular third molar index. In addition, 81.97% of individuals were correctly classified as minors and adults using the Kohler method, while only 78.62% of individuals were correctly classified as minors and adults using the I3M method. Based on the misclassification of minors as adults, both methods should be used with caution and overestimation of age should be considered, especially for those close to 18 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Given that Indian languages in general are under-represented on the internet and that languages of minority linguistic groups find very little space on digital platforms, it is imperative for institutions such as libraries to cater to smaller communities and their educational needs while also reaching out to them in their own languages. This study aims to deliberate on strategies for enlisting community support for gathering diverse learning resources in different languages and for enlisting participation in activities such as crowdsourcing in initiatives such as annotations and transliteration. Design/methodology/approach: This paper calls for interventions that imagine and create infrastructure for the flourishing of smaller libraries that can draw from and feed into large-scale national and international libraries. Offering a conceptual framework to rethink the country's approach toward minor languages, it first offers an overview of policies and initiatives relevant to the concerns of minor languages in digital libraries in India. Based on the policy analysis, it then goes on to suggest starting points for policy designers and custodians of libraries to help them work toward better representation of languages in their resources. Findings: The existing frameworks analyzed here for the greater or representation of minor Indian languages reveal a culture of silence toward the issue of language. With some advocacy, these frameworks can be mined to craft different ways that are critical not just for enriching libraries but also for preservation of cultural heritage of the communities concerned, thus adding a larger social dimension to the question of access. Originality/value: While a lot of socio-political discourse on minority languages in India exists, this study pushes for their bearing on digital libraries, educational frameworks and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to explore the difficulties the refugee minors face in the process of seeking inclusion in Portugal. The project conducting this research takes place in a shelter for refugee minors in Portugal, and its inhabitants are the main focus of the analysis. The research is guided by Applied Anthropology which means that, in methodological terms, we use active listening, participant observation, and artistic workshops in drawing and photography in order to get to know them better and establish a closer relationship with the minors. Our interlocutors are refugee minors, boys and girls, aged between 15 and 18, who have been institutionalized by an NGOD responsible for hosting them in Portugal while they await their residence permit. These minors are characterized by a diversity of nationalities, socio-cultural and ethnolinguistic references and different life projects. The artistic focus (drawing and photography) is explored as a non-invasive methodology, a tool that best helps to express emotions, perceptions and desires in a creative and uncompromising way. We chose to focus our analysis not on the traumatic past, as is usually the case when it comes to refugees, but on the future. In other words: we invite these minors to think about their future, what they want for themselves in Portugal and the European Union. As we discuss our difficulties of conducting fieldwork in the institutionalized context, we conclude the article with the idea that working with refugee minors in that environment should not be an end in and of itself, but rather an opportunity to do more profound research. This investigation should continue, preferably outside the institutional gates, on a more personalized basis. As a practical goal, we also propose the idea of organizing an exhibition with the results of the workshops to facilitate the two-way process of inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last three quarters of a century, international guidelines and regulations have undergone significant changes in how children are problematised as participants in biomedical research. While early guidelines enacted children as vulnerable subjects with diminished autonomy and in need of special protection, beginning in the early 2000s, international regulatory frameworks defined the paediatric population as vulnerable due to unaddressed public health needs. More recently, ethical recommendations have promoted the active engagement of minors as research partners. In this paper, I adopt a post-structuralist approach to policy analysis to examine deep-seated assumptions and presuppositions underlying the changes in the problematisation of children as biomedical research participants over time. While biomedical research ethics focuses on the autonomy and vulnerability of minors, ethical guidelines are situated in specific sociocultural contexts, shaped, among other things, by contingent public health needs and changing conceptions of the value of research and science for society. In the process, I demonstrate the challenge of moving away from an approach that in taking adults as the model overshadows the complexity of children's lived experiences as well as their personal, cultural, and social lives. The lack of acknowledgement of this complexity makes children vulnerable to epistemic injustice, which is particularly crucial to address in public involvement initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmentally, adolescence sits in transition between childhood and adulthood. Involving adolescents in their medical decision-making prompts important and complex ethical questions. Originating in the UK, the concept of Gillick competence is a dominant framework for navigating adolescent medical decision-making from legal, ethical and clinical perspectives and is commonly treated as comprehensive. In this paper, we argue that its utility is far more limited, and hence over-reliance on Gillick risks undermining rather than promoting ethically appropriate adolescent involvement. We demonstrate that Gillick only provides guidance in the limited range of cases where legal decisional authority needs to be clarified. The range of cases where use of Gillick actually promotes adolescent involvement is narrower still, because several features must be present for Gillick to be enacted. Each of these features can, and do, act as barriers to adolescent involvement. Within these limited situations, we argue that Gillick is not specific or strong enough and is reliant on ethically contestable principles. Moreover, in most situations in adolescent healthcare, Gillick is silent on the ethical questions around involving adolescents. This is because it focuses on decisional authority-having the final say in decision-making-which is one small subset of the many ways adolescents could be involved in decision-making. The implication of our analysis is that use of Gillick competence tends to limit or undermine adolescent involvement opportunities. We propose that those working with adolescents should be judicious in seeking Gillick's guidance, instead drawing on and developing alternative frameworks that provide a comprehensive model for adolescent involvement., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Copyright of e-Education Research is the property of Northwest Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parental control and supervision is considered one of the key factors in raising children. There are numerous studies and researches in the literature that have tried to prove the correlation between parental control and juvenile delinquency. The results of these studies have varied, sometimes confirming and sometimes denying a direct link between parental control and certain forms of juvenile delinquent behavior. However, the modern child and family go through a new socialization process that brings challenges for both children and parents. The goal of our paper is to clarify the terminological confusions present in this area and highlight the actuality of the issue of parental control over the behavior of minors. Through a review of existing domestic and foreign scientific literature, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis and comparative and historical methods, we want to point out the importance of parental control and supervision in shaping the behavior of minors, with special reference to the manifestation of delinquent patterns. The results of our research indicate a significant correlation between different forms of parental control and supervision with the behavior of minors, with noticeable changes compared to traditional methods of control. The obtained results emphasize the need for educating and advising parents about modern achievements in this area, as well as providing support in adapting to new trends and security challenges, including the impact of information technology, social media and other factors that are now part of everyday life and were not present in the past. The practical importance of our research implies that the theoretical conclusions can be used as a basis for further research in the field of parental control and supervision, as well as juvenile delinquency, with the aim of developing measures for its prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let S be the polynomial ring on the space of non-square generic matrices or the space of odd-sized skew-symmetric matrices, and let I be the determinantal ideal of maximal minors or Pf the ideal of sub-maximal Pfaffians, respectively. Using desingularizations and representation theory of the general linear group we expand upon work of Raicu–Weyman–Witt [Adv. Math. 250 (2014), pp. 596–610] to determine the S-module structures of Ext^j_S(S/I^t, S) and Ext^j_S(S/Pf^t, S), from which we get the degrees of generators of these Ext modules. As a consequence, via graded local duality we answer a question of Wenliang Zhang [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 225 (2021), Paper No. 106789] on the socle degrees of local cohomology modules of the form H^j_\mathfrak {m}(S/I^t). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary societies are increasingly multireligious, multiethnic, and multicultural, but to what extent are they ready for coexistence? This paper evaluates the competencies for intercultural and interreligious dialogue in two very different contexts: Barcelona and Melilla, two cities with great ethnic and cultural diversity, in which it is easy to have contact with people of different cultures and religions. To this end, we worked with a total of 1353 adolescents and young people, and four scales were used to evaluate intercultural and interreligious sensitivity, conflict management skills, and prejudices towards unaccompanied migrant minors. The findings suggest that in neither of these two contexts do adolescents and young people form relationships with these minors, despite accepting religious diversity and being educated at school in topics relating to coexistence and spirituality. In fact, participants showed a high level of prejudice towards this population. Implementation of more effective intervention programs in both cities is therefore recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Syrian refugee crisis posed enormous challenges for the child welfare system and immigration authorities in Germany. Based on qualitative interviews and publicly available data, this paper explores the responses of frontline workers to the surge in unaccompanied refugee minors (UAMs) during the crisis and how their actions were experienced by UAMs. Results illustrate how frontline coping strategies created effective barriers to UAMs being united with their families. The findings raise questions about the relationship between ambiguous policy goals, frontline practice and formal legislation in the context of the right to asylum and the best interests of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Derechos y Libertades is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The planar graph product structure theorem of Dujmovi\'c et al. [J. ACM, 67 (2020), 22] states that every planar graph is a subgraph of the strong product of a graph with bounded treewidth and a path. This result has been the key tool to resolve important open problems regarding queue layouts, nonrepetitive colorings, centered colorings, and adjacency labeling schemes. In this paper, we extend this line of research by utilizing shallow minors to prove analogous product structure theorems for several beyond-planar graph classes. The key observation that drives our work is that many beyond-planar graphs can be described as a shallow minor of the strong product of a planar graph with a small complete graph. In particular, we show that powers of bounded degree planar graphs, k-planar, (k, p)-cluster planar, fan-planar, and k-fan-bundle planar graphs have such a shallow-minor structure. Using a combination of old and new results, we deduce that these classes have bounded queue-number, bounded nonrepetitive chromatic number, polynomial p-centered chromatic numbers, linear strong coloring numbers, and cubic weak coloring numbers. In addition, we show that k-gap planar graphs have at least exponential local treewidth and, as a consequence, cannot be described as a subgraph of the strong product of a graph with bounded treewidth and a path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Dyck path of semilength n is a path from (0 , 0) to (2 n , 0) , such that the only allowed steps are U = (1 , 1) and D = (1 , − 1). The constraint on a Dyck path is that it never falls below the x -axis. In this paper, we give the concept of (a 1 , b 1 ; a 2 , b 2) -Dyck paths, which generates the recursive matrix corresponding to π = (a 1 , a 2 , a 1 , a 2 , ⋯) , σ = (0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , ⋯) and τ = (b 1 , b 2 , b 1 , b 2 , ⋯). Some new combinatorial identities related to 2 × 2 minors and 2 × 2 permanents of the D π , σ , τ are investigated. When the weighted parameters (a 1 , b 1 ; a 2 , b 2) are specialized, several interesting identities are obtained about Catalan numbers and other combinatorial sequences. Based on Motzkin paths, alternating sums of 2 × 2 minors of the odd Dyck matrix are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising incidence of trans youth throughout the world and the new policy of many European countries and 25 US states that psychotherapy should be the first therapeutic response to Gender Dysphoria have made a reexamination of a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation (CPE) urgently relevant. Two conflicting views of the purpose of the CPE exist based on etiologic beliefs and convictions about the best therapeutic approach. This paper provides one clinician's synthesis of the elements, processes, goals, values, benchmarks of CPE and its usual recommendation for psychotherapy. The CPE recommended herein provides cogent hypotheses about the origins of the intrapsychic creation of a trans identity that are to be strengthened, weakened, or supplanted by explanations that emerge from psychotherapy. It also strengthens familial bonds and clarifies the intention to improve the mental health, social function, and autonomy of the minor. The inescapable ethical tensions that surround trans minor health care are discussed. The recommended CPE does not prevent subsequent medical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While data show improvement in terms of educational access, dropout rates are significant in many countries. In Spain, 28% of students drop out of school without finishing secondary school, more than double the EU average. Thus, extensive research has shown the consequences of the dropout phenomenon, including negative effects on employment, welfare dependency, as well as health and emotional problems. The transition from primary to secondary education is a critical turning point. This situation worsens in the case of refugee and migrant minors who are refugees or with migrant backgrounds. Although there is strong evidence revealing the potential of SEAs to advance educational success for all in different contexts, no research has yet explored the effect of SEAs on enabling a successful transition from primary to secondary education, which could considerably impact decreasing dropout rates. Drawing on a qualitative case study of a secondary educational centre in Spain, this study analyses the impact of the implementation of three SEAs in key aspects related to primary-secondary transitions. Findings show how the systematic implementation of SEAs impacts the ease of the primary-secondary transition: positive relationships between the educational community are promoted, school connectedness across transition is strengthened, and academic support networks are enhanced. The study therefore suggests the benefits of SEAs as strategies that can enhance positive primary-secondary school transitions in terms of students' perception of belongingness, and academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the "Seven Deadly Author Sins" that hinder scientific progress, including ideological bias, restricted data-sharing, plagiarism, and inadequate funding. The importance of peer review and adhering to professional conduct in scientific papers is emphasized. The challenges faced by journal editors in maintaining integrity and standards are discussed, with a call for further research on authors' attitudes and behaviors to improve journal operations. The article acknowledges the pressure authors face to publish in high-profile journals and encourages courteous behavior to support efficient scientific publishing. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the evolution of unaccompanied minors' (UMs') decisions and migratory experiences after arrival in Italy through Libya. Until now, research has not longitudinally documented UMs' decision-making processes and experiences during their migration in Europe. We draw on data collected within the ERC-ChildMove project, a multi-sited and follow-up study, and used a trajectory approach (Schapendonk et al. [2020]. "Re-Routing Migration Geographies: Migrants, Trajectories and Mobility Regimes." Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 116: 211–216.) to analyse in-depth interviews initially conducted with thirty-nine participants that were followed across Europe over a two-year period. We use the notion of 'mobility-in-migration' (Veale and Donà [2014]. Child and Youth Migration: Mobility-in-Migration in an Era of Globalization. Springer.) to question UMs' migratory decisions and analyse the periods of mobility and immobility experienced during these trajectories. Our findings indicate that UMs' decisions in Europe are heavily influenced by the quality of formal support and care, the length and outcomes of legal procedures, and trans-local support networks. The study analyses how such factors may repeatedly re-route or distort initially planned trajectories, produce involuntary mobility or end the minors' trajectories. Finally, the paper demonstrates that periods of mobility and immobility coexist at different local scales within the overall migration trajectory of unaccompanied minors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban development is a key driver of global biodiversity loss. "Green" infrastructure is integrated to offset some impacts of development on ecosystem quality by supporting urban biodiversity, a prominent example being green roofs. The effects of green infrastructures on urban biodiversity are not well understood and poorly included in life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Here, we present a novel methodology that quantifies the local impact of green infrastructures on terrestrial biodiversity—demonstrated here for sedum roofs in London, UK—and integrates within LCA. It relates energy provision by plants to the metabolic requirements of animals to determine what species richness (number of species) and species abundance (number of individuals) are supported. We demonstrate this methodology using a case study, comparing the life cycle impact of developing 18 buildings, with either asphalt concrete or sedum roofs, on ecosystem quality. We found the sedum roofs (0.018 km2) support 53 species (673 individuals), equivalent to 1.3% of the development's life cycle impacts on ecosystem quality. Complete offsetting requires considerable reduction in transport use throughout the development's lifetime, and lower environmental impact material selection during construction (contributing 98% and 2%, respectively). The results indicate sedum roofs offer minor impact mitigation capacities in the context of urban development, and this capacity is limited for all green infrastructures by species richness in local species pools. This paper demonstrates the potential and limitations of quantifying terrestrial biodiversity offsets offered by green infrastructures alongside urbanization, and the need for realistic expectations of what role it might play in sustainable urban design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove that the generic link of a generic determinantal ring defined by maximal minors is strongly |$F$| -regular. In the process, we strengthen a result of Chardin and Ulrich in the graded setting. They showed that the generic residual intersections of a complete intersection ring with rational singularities again have rational singularities. We show that if the said complete intersection is defined by homogeneous elements and is |$F$| -rational, then in fact, its generic residual intersections are strongly |$F$| -regular in positive prime characteristic. Hochster and Huneke showed that determinantal rings are strongly |$F$| -regular; however, their proof is quite involved. Our techniques allow us to give a new and simple proof of the strong |$F$| -regularity of determinantal rings defined by maximal minors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with diverse theoretical understanding of ensuring the criminological security of minors on the international level, and analyzes the regulation of the protection of children's rights. The paper focuses on formulating the conceptual framework of international legal protection of minors. It is proposed to introduce the author's concept of international legal protection of minors. The international legal protection of minors should be understood as a system of normative acts that entrench the rights and freedoms of children, the obligations of the states to exercise these rights and freedoms; as well as international mechanisms for monitoring the fulfillment by the states of their international obligations and protection of the violated rights of each particular minor. The study explores the history of the international legal protection of the rights of minors. It is noted that the international community has adopted a number of normative acts to ensure children’s rights, to prevent juvenile delinquency, the treatment of juvenile offenders, exercising justice. In particular, when it comes to juvenile offenders, the norms of international law are actually the policy of treating such children. At the same time, the key idea of all international legal acts in combating juvenile delinquency is recognizing the priority of preventive measures over punitive ones. Attention is drawn to the fact that due to globalization, no country will be able to fight crime effectively on its own, coordinated efforts of the entire international community are needed. At the same time, the useful law enforcement practices of foreign countries with regard to child protection should be of no less interest. It seems that the Russian Federation should attempt to decrease the level of punishment and incarceration.

After the subjugation operated by the military campaigns of 1878-1885, the native population of northern Patagonia (Mapuche-tehuelche) suffered forced relocation, the breakdown of socio-political and family units, the erasure of the identity of hundreds of minors and the declamation of the extinction of the indigenous cultural and social world. From this genocidal process, the agency of indigenous individuals and collectives was conditioned within the framework of the construction of a new society that was defined as "without Indians". From then on, this became a condition for their possibilities of accessing land, as well as a principle of stigmatization and social differentiation. This paper focuses in addressing a particular instance of the agency of this population: the National Aboriginal Association. This organization stood out for its self-recognition as aboriginal and for its supra-community, trans-territorial and national structure. The ANA was active in a key period defining a political strategy that defended the indigenous producer, encouraged processes of communalization and articulation of the agency of the original peoples with other political actors, both in northern Patagonia and in the national context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Young people arriving alone in the UK due to forced migration face significant hardships including, but not limited to, their history of experiences, current and future uncertainties, and cultural differences. This paper took a critical perspective of current dominant theories of refugee youth through in-depth exploration of lived experiences of coping. Following the authors' involvement in a community youth project and consultation, five young people took part in individual interviews. The participants were living in semi-independent accommodation in or near London, and were all male, while four identified as Muslim and one as Christian. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a culturally relative understanding of coping was developed. These young people were found to be taking active roles in managing their lives in the context of extensive loss, and gaining independence through connection to others. Religious practices were important, with young people making sense of their experiences through worldviews shaped by religious beliefs. While religion was described predominantly in a positive and beneficial light, an area for further investigation is the experience of religious struggle, and how this may impact experiences and coping. Implications for support for young people both from services and in communities are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Graph Minors Structure Theorem of Robertson and Seymour asserts that, for every graph H, every H-minor-free graph can be obtained by clique-sums of "almost embeddable" graphs. Here a graph is "almost embeddable" if it can be obtained from a graph of bounded Euler-genus by pasting graphs of bounded pathwidth in an "orderly fashion" into a bounded number of faces, called the vortices, and then adding a bounded number of additional vertices, called apices, with arbitrary neighborhoods. Our main result is a full classification of all graphs H for which the use of vortices in the theorem above can be avoided. To this end, we identify a (parametric) graph \(\mathscr{S}_{t}\) and prove that all \(\mathscr{S}_{t}\) -minor-free graphs can be obtained by clique-sums of graphs embeddable in a surface of bounded Euler-genus after deleting a bounded number of vertices. We show that this result is tight in the sense that the appearance of vortices cannot be avoided for H-minor-free graphs, whenever H is not a minor of \(\mathscr{S}_{t}\) for some \(t\in \mathbb {N}\). Using our new structure theorem, we design an algorithm that, given an \(\mathscr{S}_{t}\) -minor-free graph G, computes the generating function of all perfect matchings of G in polynomial time. Our results, combined with known complexity results, imply a complete characterization of minor-closed graph classes where the number of perfect matchings is polynomially computable: They are exactly those graph classes that do not contain every \(\mathscr{S}_{t}\) as a minor. This provides a sharp complexity dichotomy for the problem of counting perfect matchings in minor-closed classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journal Crimen 3/2023 published an article entitled "Lowering the age limit of criminal responsibility: an eternal dilemma?" in which the author presents arguments against this solution. The aim of this analysis is to provide the opposite arguments, in favor of lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility, so that the reader can make his judgment based on the pro and contra argumentation. Opponents of lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) mostly refer to the argument of "accepted international standards" as well as to the humane, altruistic statement that children perpetrators of criminal offenses are most often victims of poor socio-economic conditions that "force them into crime", so that they should not be punished, but that they should be helped. In the first part of the paper are analysed international standards and MACR in European and non-European countries. We are proving that international standards regarding MACR does not exists, but MACR is different in different countries. The structure of juvenile crime in Serbia is analysed in the second part. Statistical data show that juvenile crime in recent years is increasingly violent and brutal, what confirm the thesis that MACR should be lowered. The third part of the paper deals with juveniles sanctions. They are relatively mild and do not differ much from the measures of social protection, except that they are not imposed by social services but by judicial authorities, whose authority can only act encouragingly and frighteningly on the child to stop with criminal behaviour. In this sense, we do not see that lowering the MACR would drastically "deteriorate" the position of children, except that perhaps the fear of "criminal responsibility" would deter them from committing criminal offenses. In the end, we deal with the psycho-physical (in)maturity of children starting from the premise that we should not only observe the protection and interests of the child perpetrator, but also the protection and interests of the child victims and victims in general, who feel powerless in a system in which they cannot achieve material or moral satisfaction. Statistics show that the most common victims of juvenile crime are other children, and protection of the childperpetrator in such cases means neglection of the child-victim. The law cannot and should not be only "particularly human", neither for the sake of abstract "humanity" turn an eye to concrete crimes. The issue of lowering the age of criminal responsibility below 14 should be considered because this limit was set at another time and for minors who had a completely different lifestyle and who committed mostly property crimes. Having in mind all that, we advocate that MACR should be reduced to 12 years for all or alternatively only for violent crimes, and in terms of "criminally irresponsible" children, some form of parental criminal responsibility should be introduced. Because the child, by birth itself becomes a legal subject, and the consequences of his actions or the pain inflicted on the victim cannot be attributed to "force majeure", but exclusively to their guilt or the guilt of their parents.

Results on the existence of various types of spanning subgraphs of graphs are milestones in structural graph theory and have been diversified in several directions. In the present paper, we consider "local" versions of such statements. In 1966, for instance, D. W. Barnette proved that a 3‐connected planar graph contains a spanning tree of maximum degree at most 3. A local translation of this statement is that if G $G$ is a planar graph, X $X$ is a subset of specified vertices of G $G$ such that X $X$ cannot be separated in G $G$ by removing two or fewer vertices of G $G$, then G $G$ has a tree of maximum degree at most 3 containing all vertices of X $X$. Our results constitute a general machinery for strengthening statements about k $k$‐connected graphs (for 1≤k≤4 $1\le k\le 4$) to locally spanning versions, that is, subgraphs containing a set X⊆V(G) $X\subseteq V(G)$ of a (not necessarily planar) graph G $G$ in which only X $X$ has high connectedness. Given a graph G $G$ and X⊆V(G) $X\subseteq V(G)$, we say M $M$ is a minor ofG $G$rooted atX $X$, if M $M$ is a minor of G $G$ such that each bag of M $M$ contains at most one vertex of X $X$ and X $X$ is a subset of the union of all bags. We show that G $G$ has a highly connected minor rooted at X $X$ if X⊆V(G) $X\subseteq V(G)$ cannot be separated in G $G$ by removing a few vertices of G $G$. Combining these investigations and the theory of Tutte paths in the planar case yields locally spanning versions of six well‐known results about degree‐bounded trees, Hamiltonian paths and cycles, and 2‐connected subgraphs of graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that young people's voices are under- and misrepresented in the news. However, the editorial mechanisms behind this outcome remain largely unexplored. Drawing from the professional frame of media accountability, young people present journalism with a double challenge: to avoid harm while enabling participation. In this paper, we examine editorial mechanisms of including/excluding young people in the news in Sweden and Estonia through an overview of ethical breach cases affecting minors and a set of semi-structured interviews with editors. These investigations are set in the context of digital changes and from the perspectives of children's rights and childhood as a social construct. The interview study revealed that facilitating the freedom of expression might be an editorial ideal, but in practice, minors have limited value as news sources. While editors paid close attention to protective measures for underage interviewees, these measures were sometimes inconsistent and overly protective. Furthermore, the majority of ethical breach cases concerned children who were talked about, rather than with. Therefore, we argue that current editorial interpretations of media accountability limit young people's voices in the news, while still failing to provide an effective remedy for harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of matching minors is a specialisation of minors fit for the study of graphs with perfect matchings. Matching minors have been used to give a structural description of bipartite graphs on which the number of perfect matchings can be computed efficiently, based on a result of Little, by McCuaig et al. in 1999. In this paper we generalise basic ideas from the graph minor series by Robertson and Seymour to the setting of bipartite graphs with perfect matchings. We introduce a version of Erdős-Pósa property for matching minors and find a direct link between this property and planarity. From this, it follows that a class of bipartite graphs with perfect matchings has bounded perfect matching width if and only if it excludes a planar matching minor. We also present algorithms for bipartite graphs of bounded perfect matching width for a matching version of the disjoint paths problem, matching minor containment, and for counting the number of perfect matchings. From our structural results, we obtain that recognising whether a bipartite graph G contains a fixed planar graph H as a matching minor, and that counting the number of perfect matchings of a bipartite graph that excludes a fixed planar graph as a matching minor are both polynomial time solvable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Trabajo Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emotional properties of music are influenced by a host of factors, such as timbre, mode, harmony, and tempo. In this paper, we consider how two of these factors, mode (major vs. minor) and timbre interact to influence ratings of perceived valence, reaction time, and recognition memory. More specifically, we considered the notion of congruence—that is, we used a set of melodies that crossed modes typically perceived as happy and sad (i.e., major and minor) in Western cultures with instruments typically perceived as happy and sad (i.e., marimba and viola). In a reaction-time experiment, participants were asked to classify melodies as happy or sad as quickly as possible. There was a clear congruency effect—that is, when the mode and timbre were congruent (major/marimba or minor/viola), reaction times were shorter than when the mode and timbre were incongruent (major/viola or minor/marimba). In Experiment 2, participants first rated the melodies for valence, before completing a recognition task. Melodies that were initially presented in incongruent conditions in the rating task were subsequently recognized better in the recognition task. The recognition advantage for melodies presented in incongruent conditions is discussed in the context of desirable difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Caring for terminally ill patients with minor children can be very stressful. The perceived quality of life is significantly influenced by the Meaning in Life (MiL). No studies were found that focus on the prioritized special needs of this patient group. Objectives: The aim is to compare and contrast terminally ill parents with minor children and palliative care patients in Germany, in order to provide appropriate support beyond medical, nursing or therapeutic interventions. Methods: Terminally ill parents diagnosed were surveyed using a validated instrument 'Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE)'. The study listed various areas that contribute to the MiL, followed by an evaluation of their importance and satisfaction levels. The researchers then compared these findings with data collected from palliative care patients. Results: In Germany, 54 patients, mostly female and with a mean age of 43, were included in this study between February 2017 and September 2020. The median age of the 96 children during the survey phase was 7 years. The comparison group consists of 100 palliative care patients in Germany; mostly aged 50 years and older. For terminally ill patients most important areas were in decreasing order family (100%), social relations (80%), leisure time (61%), nature/animals (39%) and home/garden (30%). Although the overall indices are close between both groups, there are significant and highly correlated differences between them. Parents felt limited by their illness in being a mother or father, as they wanted to be. Conclusion: The involvement with SMiLE led patients to consider their coping resources. The areas relevant to terminally ill parents differed from those relevant to palliative care patients. All participants identified family as the most important factor for MiL. The results suggest that evaluating MiL can serve as a coping strategy and help terminally ill parents with minor children. Plain language summary: A comparison of answers to the meaning in life from seriously ill parents with young children with the answers of other seriously ill patients Background: Caring for seriously ill patients with young children can be very stressful. The quality of life depends on meaning in life. No studies were found that focus on the needs of this patients. Objectives: The aim was to explore similarities and differences between seriously ill parents with young children and palliative care patients in Germany to find the best way to support them. Methods: The Meaning in Life questions were used to find this out. Two researchers asked seriously ill parents about different things that make their lives meaningful. The researchers then compared the results with data from other seriously ill patients in need of palliative care. In Germany, 54 seriously ill parents with young children were interviewed between February 2017 and September 2020. The children were usually seven years old. The compared group consisted of 100 palliative care patients and was mostly older than 49 years. For seriously ill patients most important were family, social relations, leisure time, nature/animals, and home/garden. The values seemed similar, but there are clear differences between the groups. Parents felt their illness limited them in being a mother or a father. Conclusion: The questions helped patients helped to remember meaning in life and set goals. The things that mattered to seriously ill parents were different from those that mattered to palliative care patients. All participants said that family was the most important thing for meaning in life. The results show that thinking about meaning in life can help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative thematic study aimed to examine the placement of unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors in compulsory institutional care in Sweden, to expand knowledge regarding their care and treatment. The dataset comprised Social documents and anonymized journal documents from personnel detailing the experiences of twenty-five unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors in compulsory institutional care organized by the Swedish National Board of Institutional Care in 2015. The study identified three main themes: traumatic life events and mental health, alignment between needs, goals, and treatment, and language diculties. The findings revealed a high prevalence of severe traumatic experiences among the asylum-seeking minors, with half having endured significant psychological and physical trauma. Mental health issues were inconsistently addressed, and prior traumas were often overlooked in care planning. The majority exhibited various mental health problems, underscoring the need for tailored interventions. The study highlights challenges in aligning unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors’ individual needs, treatment goals, and provided care. Language barriers emerged as a critical concern, impeding e [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This systematised review aimed to examine European literature reporting data about adaptative skills and global external functioning of unaccompanied minors (UAMs). Methods: We conducted a systematised screening of four databases (APA PsycINFO Ovid, Medline Ovid ALL, Embase.com and Web Of Science Core Collection) using a research strategy including social, scholarly and behavioural abilities as well as externalising problems associated with the target population of UAMs. Thirty articles were included using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Our review showed that despite high levels of internalising disorders, socio-behavioural and educational adjustment of UAMs remained positive. It demonstrated how this population displays a strong desire for academic success and prosocial behaviours instead of aggressivity in everyday life. Nevertheless, our review drew attention to the strong tendency of UAMs to internalise their disorders and display chronic distress and problematic behaviours which increased with time spent in the host country. Conclusion: Our study draws attention to the risk of underestimating the real mental health needs of refugees, due to preserved external functioning combined with significant settlement pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Minor amputation is commonly needed to treat diabetes-related foot disease (DFD). Remoteness of residence is known to limit access to healthcare and has previously been associated with poor outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations between ethnicity and remoteness of residency with the risk of major amputation and death following initial treatment of DFD by minor amputation. A secondary aim was to identify risk factors for major amputation and death following minor amputation to treat DFD. Research design and methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from patients who required a minor amputation to treat DFD between 2000 and 2019 at a regional tertiary hospital in Queensland, Australia. Baseline characteristics were collected together with remoteness of residence and ethnicity. Remoteness was classified according to the 2019 Modified Monash Model (MMM) system. Ethnicity was based on self-identification as an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or non-Indigenous person. The outcomes of major amputation, repeat minor amputation and death were examined using Cox-proportional hazard analyses. Results: A total of 534 participants were included, with 306 (57.3%) residing in metropolitan or regional centres, 228 (42.7%) in rural and remote communities and 144 (27.0%) were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people. During a median (inter quartile range) follow-up of 4.0 (2.1–7.6) years, 103 participants (19.3%) had major amputation, 230 (43.1%) had repeat minor amputation and 250 (46.8%) died. The risks (hazard ratio [95% CI]) of major amputation and death were not significantly higher in participants residing in rural and remote areas (0.97, 0.67–1.47; and 0.98, 0.76–1.26) or in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people (HR 1.44, 95% CI 0.96, 2.16 and HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67, 1.18). Ischemic heart disease (IHD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), osteomyelitis and foot ulceration (p<0.001 in all instances) were independent risk factors for major amputation. Conclusion: Major amputation and death are common following minor amputation to treat DFD and people with IHD, PAD and osteomyelitis have an increased risk of major amputation. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People and residents of remote areas were not at excess risk of major amputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the world, governments are contemplating taking steps to reverse or mitigate the negative health and developmental effects that come from the increasing amount of time children are spending online and using screens. In 2023, the People's Republic of China (PRC) released a draft regulation restricting minors' screen time and internet use, which imposes a significant burden not only on children, but also on technology and internet companies that wish to continue operating in the country. However, the PRC's proposed minor mode regulation is neither an extreme departure from the types of restrictions neighboring countries in East Asia have imposed on children's screen time and internet use, nor its own previous regulations in this area. As such, the proposed regulation is unlikely to have violated a norm of customary international law against restricting children's internet use. Similarly, although international instruments like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights guarantee a universal right of expression, which arguably includes an implied right to the internet, the proposed Chinese regulation is not likely to be deemed violative of either of these instruments because of ambiguities within them as to how states are meant to weigh children's rights against their protection. This conclusion is bolstered by the competing provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child about protecting children's fundamental rights while also ensuring their health and wellbeing. As such, the PRC's Draft Minor Mode Guidelines are likely to pass without facing significant legal challenges domestically or internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Welfare Policies & Social Work Journal / Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social is the property of Asociacion Internacional de Ciencias Sociales & Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: Marine aquarium keeping is a popular hobby that fuels a global industry that still heavily relies on the sourcing of wild organisms, mostly from tropical coral reefs. The European Union (EU) is one of the largest import markets for marine ornamental fish. Despite being mandatory and already fully digital, the record-keeping of what species are imported in what numbers from which exporting countries remains blurry. The present work presents curated and consolidated data reporting the value, the exporting and importing countries, and the number of specimens, species, and families of marine ornamental fish imported to the EU between 2014 and 2021. A 24-million-euro annual trade value was recorded, and 26 million specimens were imported from more than 60 countries (mostly Indonesia, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka). A watchlist is presented to provide guidance to stakeholders on which marine ornamental fish species being traded most likely require closer monitoring due to their potential impact through trade. The European TRAde Control and Expert System (TRACES) requires some minor tunning to enable authorities to easily monitor the imports of marine ornamental fish into the EU, thus allowing an unprecedented insight into this and other trade activities targeting wildlife. Wild-caught fish from coral reefs, one of the most threatened ecosystems on the planet, continue to supply the marine aquarium trade. Despite customs and veterinary checks during imports, comprehensive data on this global industry remain scarce. This study provides consolidated data on the largest import market by value, the European Union (EU): a 24-million-euro annual trade value, detailing the main exporting and importing countries, as well as the species and families of the 26 million specimens imported between 2014 and 2021. A watchlist alert system based on the number of specimens traded, import trends, and vulnerability index according to FishBase and the IUCN Red List conservation status is presented, providing key information on which species should require closer scrutiny by authorities. While the European TRAde Control and Expert System (TRACES) electronically monitors the movement of live animals to respond quickly to biosecurity risks, one-third of marine ornamental fish imported lack species-level information. With minor adjustments, TRACES holds the potential to significantly enhance data granularity and the monitoring of wildlife trade, with marine ornamental fish being an interesting case study to validate this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has confirmed the positive impact of social interaction behaviors, including improved mental health, creativity, and stress reduction. Notably, a relationship exists between the spatial characteristics of university campuses and social interaction behaviors. The theories of supportive environment and ecological psychology were used to investigate the quantitative relationship between spatial features of informal spaces and social interactions at a university in a cold region to determine supportive features. Deep learning-based computer vision methods were employed to collect and analyze crowd behavior data, and multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the features and social interactions. The results indicate that functional features significantly influence social interactions, whereas physical features have a relatively minor impact on social interaction frequency. This finding confirms the efficacy of informal space design at cold-region universities in promoting social interaction behaviors. The deep learning method enables quantitative analysis of the effect of environmental features on social behaviors on cold-region university campuses, providing valuable design suggestions and insights for campuses in other regions and research related to social interaction behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the strategies of resistance enacted by an informal network of solidarity comprised of Afghan youths on the move in Europe and their Swedish allies. In 2015, thousands of Afghan children fleeing from the Taliban regime arrived in Europe as unaccompanied minors. Many have been hosted in Sweden and lived there for several years, until coming of age. Reaching 18 years prompted a series of consecutive losses, as the Swedish state limited their opportunities to remain in the country or even illegalized them. Subjected to threats of detention, deportation, and ill treatment, many Afghan youths re-escaped into other European countries, crafting networks of informal solidarity to help them resist border violence. This article is based on an ethnographic study that delves into the lived experiences of four Afghan youths who lived in Lisbon between February 2019 and February 2020, particularly focusing on the journey of Ahmed, a young man of Hazara ethnicity. The empirical data shed light on the solidarity enactments that enhanced the youths' resistance in hostile environments, inviting reflection on the impacts of the European border regime and the importance of agency, care, and political contestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]