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Under the impact of the digital wave, traditional paper-cutting art faces unprecedented challenges in preservation and dissemination. Given the urgent need for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) protection, this study explores the application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology in the preservation of paper-cutting art. VR efficiently digitizes and widely disseminates paper-cutting art by skillfully integrating modern technological elements. The study not only deeply analyzes how VR technology can safeguard and inherit traditional Chinese paper-cutting art but also focuses on the meticulous design and optimization of the paper-cutting VR system. The constructed VR system integrates cutting-edge technologies such as 3D modeling and modular design. It showcases outstanding performance in virtual environment rendering and user interaction, rigorously validated through precise evaluation methods. Experimental results demonstrate the paper-cutting VR system's response time of only 10 ms and a high frame rate of 90 frames per second, highlighting its exceptional performance. Furthermore, comprehensive research on the profound impact of the VR system on various stakeholders contributes a new perspective and profound insights into the digital preservation of ICH. In summary, this study successfully innovatively applies VR technology to the protection and dissemination of paper-cutting art, achieving digital preservation goals and injecting new vitality into its inheritance. This pioneering research path opens a hopeful new channel for the digital preservation of ICH and provides a valuable reference for the conservation of other traditional cultures. The study holds critical academic value and significant practical implications. Moreover, the extensive prospects of VR technology in the cultural heritage conservation field urgently require further exploration and investigation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish short form of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) and investigate whether the paper-and-pen and online formats could be used interchangeably. Method: Individuals with and without hearing problems were invited to participate in this study. The participants (N = 125) were randomized into four groups: paper--paper, online--online, paper--online, and online--paper. All participants completed the Swedish SSQ12 twice. Results: Principal components analysis revealed one component. Statistical analysis revealed good psychometric properties. Administration formats were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance, which revealed no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The results indicate that the Swedish SSQ12 is possible to use in paper-and-pen and online formats interchangeably. The questionnaire has potential to be used by Swedish audiologists seeking to understand the individual experience of hearing loss or to evaluate hearing rehabilitation. To further understand the possible differences and to broaden the use and understanding of the SSQ12, future studies should aim to determine the minimal clinically important difference for the SSQ12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When deciding which modes to offer, researchers consider cost, known respondent contact information, and potential mode effects. For a short survey on employment, we evaluate the effect of adding one of two new electronic data collection modes to a mailed questionnaire. We sent a survey to principals who previously responded to the National Center for Education Statistics' (NCES) National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS) asking about their current job status. This questionnaire, known as the Principal Follow-up Survey (PFS), has typically been administered as a short paper form that is mailed to NTPS respondents. In 2022, the PFS introduced two new modes of completion, and principals were randomly assigned to receive: (i) a paper form only; (ii) a paper form, as well as emails with a direct link to complete a web survey; or (iii) a paper form, as well as invitations by text message to complete an automated two-way short message service text survey by responding to texted "yes/no" questions. This article compares overall response rates and time-to-response by mode to determine respondent preferences for completing short surveys. Adding either electronic mode significantly increased response rates and decreased the number of days in which completed surveys were received, compared to offering only a paper questionnaire. Although email and text messages are both forms of electronic communication that may be accessible on a smartphone, the added text message survey resulted in higher response rates than the added web survey. This suggests that respondents interact differently with emails and text messages they receive and that offering an option to complete a survey by text message can increase the speed and efficiency of data collection for short surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) has long recognized and championed increasing diversity within the surgical workplace. SAGES initiated the Fundamentals of Leadership Development (FLD) Curriculum to address these needs and to provide surgeon leaders with the necessary tools and skills to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in surgical practice. In 2019, the American College of Surgeons issued a request for anti-racism initiatives which lead to the partnering of the two societies. The primary goal of FLD was to create the first surgeon-focused leadership curriculum dedicated to DEI. The rationale/development of this curriculum and its evaluation/feedback methods are detailed in this White Paper. Methods: The FLD curriculum was developed by a multidisciplinary task force that included surgeons, education experts, and diversity consultants. The curriculum development followed the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) instructional design model and utilized a problem-based learning approach. Competencies were identified, and specific learning objectives and assessments were developed. The implementation of the curriculum was designed to be completed in short intervals (virtual and in-person). Post-course surveys used the Kirkpatrick's model to evaluate the curriculum and provide valuable feedback. Results: The curriculum consisted of interactive online modules, an online discussion forum, and small group interactive sessions focused in three key areas: (1) increasing pipeline of underrepresented individuals in surgical leadership, (2) healthcare equity, and (3) conflict negotiation. By focusing on positive action items and utilizing a problem-solving approach, the curriculum aimed to provide a framework for surgical leaders to make meaningful changes in their institutions and organizations. Conclusion: The FLD curriculum is a novel leadership curriculum that provided surgeon leaders with the knowledge and tools to improve diversity in three areas: pipeline improvement, healthcare equity, and conflict negotiation. Future directions include using pilot course feedback to enhance curricular effectiveness and delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To comparatively evaluate performances of tablet-based versus paper-based Venous Insufficiency Epidemiologic and Economic Study-Quality of Life/Symptom (VEINES-QOL/Sym) questionnaire. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 78 consecutive patients who completed tablet-based and paper-based VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaires and compared their scores, completion time, data entry time, and ease of use. We used Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test for quantitative variables, Bland–Altman test and kappa coefficient for agreement between questionnaires and patients, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations. Results: Most participants (83.3%) found it easier to use the tablet device. Less time was needed to complete the tablet-based (median, 4.75; IQR, 3–7 min) than the paper-based (median, 8.3; IQR, 6.3–11.3 min) questionnaire (p <.001). Better educated patients took less time to complete paper-based (p =.003) and tablet-based (p =.001) questionnaires and considered the latter easier to use (p =.010). Conclusions: The tablet-based VEINES-QOL/Sym proved to be an easy-to-use and time-saving tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Research theses can have a significant impact on the development of applied sciences, especially when their results are published. Objective This study aims to determine publication rate of papers extracted from the medical residency and master’s degree theses of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) during 2008-2018. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected from the medical residency and master’s degree theses of GUMS from 2008 to 2018. Then, they were searched in international and national databases according to the title, keywords, and names of supervisors, advisors, and students. Results Of 774 theses, 449 (58 %) papers had been extracted and published in journals indexed by ISI/ PubMed (41.2%), Scopus (11.8%), BIOSIS, Chemical Abstract, and Embase (0.44%) and others (46.56%). Most of them (98.66%) were original research. Moreover, in 383(85.3%) of the theses, there was no statistician or data advisor. The median time from defending theses to the publication of a paper from them was two years. Conclusion The publication of papers extracted from the theses of GUMS has increased, and more than 50% of them have been published in journals indexed by ISI, PubMed, and Scopus. However, the factors associated with the publication of papers need to be surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A) measures two factors of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) associated with autism. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides four criteria for RRBs: repetitive motor behaviours, insistence on sameness, restricted interests, and interest in sensory aspects of the environment (or atypical sensitivity). The current paper aimed to examine whether the RBQ-2A is a psychometrically sound measure of these four factors. Study 1 had university students (N = 368) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and revealed that the RBQ-2A can assess the factors highlighted in the DSM-5 and that these four factors comprise a general RRB construct. Study 2 had individuals disclosing a diagnosis of autism (N = 283) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and supported that this four-factor structure provided good psychometric properties. While the current paper provides findings for an online autistic population, further research is needed to generalize these findings to autistic individuals less likely to partake in online studies (e.g., those with intellectual or language disabilities). Overall, the results suggest that the RBQ-2A reliably and validly assesses RRBs.

Postgraduate students need to be equipped with self-determined learning skills in order to meet the demands of higher degree and employment in the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) environment. However, the lack of analysis conducted on item level for validating the measurement of postgraduate students' self-determined learning skills prompted the development of The Postgraduate Self-determined Learning Questionnaire (PSLQ) to fill in the research gaps. This paper aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the newly developed 42-item instrument through a mixed method approach as no study has evaluated the psychometric properties of PSLQ at the item level through Rasch model analysis. Quantitatively, 440 postgraduate students were sampled from a higher education institution in Malaysia to answer the questionnaire. Qualitatively, 10 respondents from science and non-science disciplines were interviewed. The paper reports findings on the psychometric properties of PSLQ through Rasch Rating Analysis and participants' perspectives on the item validity. The results revealed that the items in PSLQ demonstrated good psychometric properties for the measurement of self-determined learning skills of postgraduate students. Implications of the study were discussed in this paper. Future studies can further investigate the psychometric properties of PSLQ according to students' discipline of study.

The medical field is facing a physician-scientist shortage, threatening future medical research and development. Medical institutions can contribute to developing physician-scientists by stimulating students' involvement in research. In this study, a medical undergraduate teaching module to develop research skills and encourage interest in research was held in Chongqing, China. Undergraduate medical students at Chongqing Medical University completed research skills training. Before and after the training, an online, anonymous, self-reported questionnaire was administered. The self-reported questionnaire investigated students' demographic characteristics, students' perception of attitudes toward conducting research, research skills (e.g., identifying and utilizing information, critical appraisal of literature, paper writing, and understanding of research), and feedback on scientific research training. The module was implemented with 25 students from July 2019 to October 2019, and 96.0% (N = 24) of participants responded to the questionnaire both prior to and after the training. In the evaluation of research skills, results showed that use of appropriate tools for research (Z = -3.340, p < 0.01), students' ability to undertake a focused literature search (Z = -3.40, p < 0.01), identifying and utilizing information (Z = -3.34, p < 0.01), and paper-writing skills (Z = -3.49, p < 0.01) were significantly improved after the undergraduates participated in the scientific research training. A qualitative analysis of the feedback showed that students found that the training helped to enhance their knowledge, improve their study scores, and motivate them to conduct research in the future. Early scientific research ability training strengthened the research skills of medical undergraduates and motivated them to pursue research.

Reasoning for complexity is a fundamental competency in these complex times for solutions to social problems and decision-making. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the eComplexity instrument by presenting its psychometric properties. The instrument consists of a Likert-type scale questionnaire designed to measure college students' perceptions of their mastery levels of complex reasoning competency as well as the subcompetencies that comprise it. The instrument was applied to higher education students in different countries of Latin America and Spain. The questionnaire articulates four types of thinking: systemic, scientific, critical and innovative and consists of 25 items. The methodology used was instrumental and psychometric, which seeks to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the eComplexity questionnaire. The results obtained from the research were as follows: The exploratory factor analysis indicated a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (KMO) > 0.80, a significance of p< 0.05 and a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.93. Likewise, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was carried out and was possible to corroborate the internal structure validity of the instrument. In addition to Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, McDonald's Omega, and Guttman's Lambda coefficients were calculated to calculate reliability. With the results obtained it was possible to conclude that the instrument is valid and reliable, can be used in various university contexts to support integrated training necessary to address current challenges and contribute to educational research. It is recommended for future studies that the research can be expanded by using an instrument that can move from perceptual terms to measuring levels of complex reasoning mastery, but it is valuable to contrast with the students' perception to have a broader vision.

In this paper, we aimed to explore the connection between teacher emotion and self-regulation, the predictive power of teacher emotions on teacher self-regulation, and factors that influence teachers' emotions. An exploratory sequential design was adopted in the study. Data was gathered from 403 teachers teaching actively in elementary grades in the quantitative dimension. In the qualitative dimension, a focus group interview was held with eight teachers. The Teacher Emotion Questionnaire (TEQ), The Teacher Self-Regulation Scale, and focus group interview questions were used to collect data. The quantitative data was analyzed through correlational analysis and simple linear regression analysis and the qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis. The quantitative findings demonstrated that teachers' pride and love in the profession significantly predicted teacher self-regulation levels; however, predicted only 2% of the variability in teacher self-regulation. The findings from the qualitative dimension seemed to explain why we did not find significant relationships between teacher self-regulation and teacher emotions. Emotions seem to be unrelated to teaching skills. Instead, the teachers attribute the source of their emotions mostly to external factors and individual characteristics to some extent.

Introduction: The assessment of bowel function in patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD) remains controversial, as several different bowel function scores are used in the literature and are therefore not suitable for reliable comparison. Conference Section: The OASIS-Holistic Care in Hirschsprung Disease Network Group addressed this issue and evaluated the most commonly used scores for their utility in HD patients. Scoping Review and Expert Group Consensus were performed. It was agreed that the ideal score for patients with Hirschsprung disease should be a comprehensive, validated score that allows reliable assessment of bowel function and continence, depicts changes according to management and natural history, and quantifies baseline parameters. This score should also enable comparisons of bowel function in patients born with HD worldwide. Concluding Remarks: The OASIS-Holistic Care in Hirschsprung Disease Network Group agreed that this ideal score does not yet exist and is therefore a future goal of the group. Meanwhile, clinicians should use a score for comparable, standardized, objective assessment, and the Rintala Score is suggested. Future developments may also lead to easily accessible patient-reported outcome measures and semi-automated dashboards that allow automated data extraction from electronic health records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers often use survey methods to elicit patient perspectives on their healthcare. Survey results are often subject to response bias and missing data. As part of an observational study of Veterans' healthcare preferences, we conducted a national survey of Veterans receiving care in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system. We describe two recruitment strategies offering concurrent online, paper, and phone survey options to different sets of participants and examine response and missingness patterns between recruitment methods and modalities. In Strategy 1 we sent recruitment letters presenting options to complete our survey online or on paper. If patients indicated that they wanted to complete a paper survey, we mailed them a paper survey. In Strategy 2 we sent recruitment letters with paper surveys and included the option to complete the survey online. We compared response rates, characteristics, and missingness for the strategies and survey modalities. We sent 4399 initial letters using Strategy 1 and 8148 initial letters using Strategy 2 with response rates 7.7% and 13.2%, respectively; 70.6% of respondents completed paper surveys. Across both strategies, paper survey respondents were older and had lower educational attainment. There were significantly more paper surveys missing greater than 2% of items than online surveys (OR 6.3, 95% CI [4.8, 8.1]). Our findings suggest tradeoffs associated with survey modality and recruitment strategies. Mixed-modality recruitment may increase response rates and decrease missing data and response bias. Researchers should consider their target population when choosing survey modalities given differing characteristics between paper and survey respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Autistic camouflaging is a collection of strategies used to hide autistic characteristics. It can have serious consequences on autistic people's mental health and needs to be addressed and measured in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the French adaptation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire. Methods: 1227 participants (744 autistic, 483 non-autistic) answered the French version of the CAT-Q in an online survey or on paper. Confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance testing, internal consistency analysis (McDonald's [omega]), and convergent validity with the DASS-21 depression subscale were conducted. Test-rest reliability was assessed on a sample of 22 autistic volunteers using intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: A good fit was found for the original three-factor structure as well as a good internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability and highly significant convergent validity. Measurement invariance testing indicates however that the meaning behind items is different for autistic vs. non-autistic people. Conclusion: The French version of the CAT-Q can be used in clinical settings to assess camouflaging behaviors and intent to camouflage. Further research is needed to clarify the camouflage construct and whether reported measurement noninvariance are due to cultural differences or a true difference in what camouflaging might mean for non-autistic people.

The alternative conceptions that students hold put a brake on subsequent meaningful learning, and therefore, the identification of these wrong ideas is crucial for effective teaching and academic success. Undergraduate STEM students often perceive Chemical Thermodynamics as a difficult subject, in which entropy has been pointed out as a threshold concept. In this paper, the prevalence of two alternative conceptions about entropy of first-year undergraduate students is studied by analyzing quantitative and qualitative results before and after instruction. It was found that students hold alternative conceptions about the conservation of entropy, whose prevalence depends on the specific context of the question, and that they strongly relate entropy to visual disorder. To some extent, the approach of using instructional videos and qualitative questionnaires as a teaching method was successful in enhancing students' understanding. The results of this research can be valuable for developing effective evidence-based curricula to improve teaching and help students deeply understand fundamental thermodynamic concepts.

Family income questions in general purpose surveys are usually collected with either a single-question summary design or a multiple-question disaggregation design. It is unclear how estimates from the two approaches agree with each other. The current paper takes advantage of a large-scale survey that has collected family income with both methods. With data from 14,222 urban and rural families in the 2018 wave of the nationally representative China Family Panel Studies, we compare the two estimates, and further evaluate factors that might contribute to the discrepancy. We find that the two estimates are loosely matched in only a third of all families, and most of the matched families have a simple income structure. Although the mean of the multiple-question estimate is larger than that of the single-question estimate, the pattern is not monotonic. At lower percentiles up till the median, the single-question estimate is larger, whereas the multiple-question estimate is larger at higher percentiles. Larger family sizes and more income sources contribute to higher likelihood of inconsistent estimates from the two designs. Families with wage income as the main income source have the highest likelihood of giving consistent estimates compared with all other families. In contrast, families with agricultural income or property income as the main source tend to have very high probability of larger single-question estimates. Omission of certain income components and rounding can explain over half of the inconsistencies with higher multiple-question estimates and a quarter of the inconsistencies with higher single-question estimates.

This study uses questionnaire surveys to examine the real impact of incorporating traditional cultural elements into the practice of ideological and political education in colleges and universities. The integration of traditional cultural elements into these practices is the research object of this paper. It realizes the sharing of teaching resources for the integration of traditional culture into the practice of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and examines the impact of network distance education on students' learning interests using SQLServer development tools and network distance education technology. The study's conclusions demonstrate that students can enjoy the allure of traditional culture virtually by setting up a network distance education platform and implementing resource sharing. The study's findings offer theoretical evidence in favor of using network distant education to incorporate traditional cultural components into the practice of teaching politics and ideologies in higher education institutions.

Background: Teachers' views of nature of science (NOS) play a key-role in how they teach science and can significantly impact their students' understanding of and achievement in science. NOS has been a curriculum goal in science education for several decades. Therefore, there is a need for assessment tools that can examine views of NOS in the language spoken by teachers and used in their teaching. Purpose: This paper reports the development, through translation and validation of a measure for assessing NOS understanding in the Arabic language, specifically, the Reconceptualised Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science Questionnaire (RFNQ). The RFNQ has already been validated for use in English and Turkish languages; however, a validated version of the questionnaire in Arabic is lacking. Method: The RFNQ was adapted to Arabic and validated according to widely accepted guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires for different languages. These incorporated forward translation, critical assessment by a panel of Arabic native experts and experienced teachers, and back-translation. Sample: Subsequently, a total of 130 pre-service teachers completed the questionnaire to assess the internal consistency of the constructed Arabic version (RFNQ-AR). Results: The RNFQ-AR was developed through a comprehensive procedure to ensure accurate translation and meaning. Further, the RFNQ-AR questionnaire reliability coefficient for the whole items found to be acceptable ([alpha] = 0.89) and varied per scale between 0.72 and 0.74, which is standard for internal consistency reliability. Conclusions: Current estimates of 422 million Arabic speakers worldwide indicate the need for assessment tools to be available in Arabic. Questionnaires such as the RFNQ-AR will facilitate research into teacher understanding of NOS and enable evidence-based training in this area to ensure optimal student performance.

Purpose: In the so-called digital age, there is a basic assumption that digitalization entails rapid and dramatic change in schools, education and society. However, a challenge for educational research is to clarify what digitalization precisely means. This paper aims to develop, test, and validate a digital transformation scale (DTS). More specifically, the aim is to validate digitization, digitalization and digital transformation as hierarchical levels of sociocultural learning in school and education by using cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) as a framework. Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with principal-axis factoring as an extraction method, was used to examine the number of factors underlying the data. Findings: Results show that the three dimensions in the DTS questionnaire explain 68% of the variance and that all dimensions show high internal consistency (a >0.87). This means that the internal structure of the DTS corresponded to the internal structure of the theory. Research limitations/implications: The results show that the internal structure of the DTS corresponded to the internal structure of the theory and may be used quantitatively to analyze digital transformation in school organizations. However, further research is needed in other contexts and larger samples with the use of confirmatory factor analysis to develop knowledge in this area and the use of DTS. Practical implications: This tool and theoretical construction could be used to discuss digital transformation in school and education, both local and in general. Seeing digitalization from a sociocultural perspective makes possible to conceptualize and discuss this as a process ranging from small technology investments on an individual level to digitalization as strategic and organizational development. Originality/value: This DTS can be used quantitatively to study and analyze digital transformation in educational contexts and provides educational researchers with additional tools to articulate what they mean by digitalization.

Working with approximations is a common practice in physics. This paper presents an exploratory study of student understanding of some of the elementary aspects of approximations encountered in college physics. For this purpose, a questionnaire (a set of 14 multiple-choice questions) was developed to probe how students dealt with these aspects in a variety of contexts. The questionnaire was finalized after a trial of its pilot version on 7 students on the basis of their written scripts and interviews. After content validation by three external experts, the test was administered to a sample of 141 senior undergraduate physics students from a diverse set of colleges and national institutes. Data analysis reveals several significant student pitfalls in the topic related principally to (i) the identification of a dimensionless ratio to characterize an approximation, (ii) the notion of the order of approximation and consistent handling of a problem up to the required order, and (iii) the notion of the order of infinitesimal in calculus-based derivations. The findings are of direct pedagogic relevance.

Users of forced-choice questionnaires (FCQs) to measure personality commonly assume statement parameter invariance across contexts -- between Likert and forced-choice (FC) items and between different FC items that share a common statement. In this paper, an empirical study was designed to check these two assumptions for an FCQ assessment measuring interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. We compared parameters of common statements between two Likert forms and two FCQ forms with a block size of two (statement pairs) and among five FCQ pair forms. In three of the five FCQ forms, statements were paired only with a statement they had appeared with in a triplet block. In the other two FCQ forms, statements were paired with statements they had not been paired with in a triplet block. This design allows us to evaluate statement parameter changes due to changes in context. The results do not support the statement parameter invariance assumption between Likert and FC items or the assumption between FC items when recombining statements form new items. However, the assumption between FC items was generally held for pairs formed by dropping a statement from a triplet item. There were some suggestions for sources of context effects, but the analyses were not definitive. Implications of the findings for test practice are discussed.

The present paper explores approaches to the classification of ethnic identity. In the framework of research on comparative classifications, we analyse the contextual factors that influence classification in Hungarian education. We compared the number of students who self-reported as Roma with the respective number reported by the school heads (as experts) and examined the discrepancies between the two indicators. We also examined whether there was a correlation between the estimation by the head of the school and the views and attitudes of the teaching staff and school heads. One important finding to emerge was the more than the twofold difference between the external classifications reported by individuals belonging to the majority population, and the students' self-identification. In other words, the school heads tended to overestimate the proportion of Roma students in their schools compared to the students' own self-identification, which was related to their pedagogical practices, beliefs, and commitment. In particular, school heads overestimated the proportion of Roma students in schools where teachers perceived that there were lower expectations and where teachers attributed school failure to cultural differences.

A substantial body of research has examined the role of English in South Africans' linguistic repertoires. Many of these studies have investigated whether a language shift towards English might be underway among first-language (L1) speakers of the indigenous languages. At the same time, the role of English in the repertoires of L1 English speakers has received little attention, the implicit assumption being that English remains dominant for them. This paper presents an empirically informed comparison of English experience within and across L1 and non-L1 (Ln) English speakers in order to shed light on the importance of English in these individuals' repertoires. Cluster analysis is employed to analyze language background data from bi-/multilinguals (n = 200). The analysis produces two clusters, which differ in extent of English exposure and preference for English use. All but one of the L1 English speakers belong to the 'higher exposure, higher preference' cluster, while the vast majority of the Ln speakers fall into the 'lower exposure, lower preference' cluster. The results indicate that English experience is relatively homogeneous across L1 speakers but differs, for the most part, across L1 and Ln speakers. The findings are relevant to our understanding of language use in multilingual South Africa.

Introductory undergraduate statistics courses widely focus on statistical concepts or software-based data analysis. Despite the fact that the analysis of real data has shown to enhance students' engagement, the step of data collection is often neglected. Once students know the challenges of data collection, they are more aware of potential imperfections, such as a lack of representativeness, during data analysis. In this paper, we present a course that closes the gap allowing Business and Economics students to conduct a full survey under realistic conditions including questionnaire design, sampling, and data analysis. It entangles theory and application by combining course-based research experiences with cooperative learning and a flipped classroom approach. Students do not only obtain competences in the field of statistics, they also gain experiences and self-confidence for future research projects because the lecturer acts as a mentor guiding the students throughout the project. Although statistics is usually an unpopular field for Business and Economics students, their motivation was high throughout the semester as they acted as researchers who analysed a specific research question. This is in agreement with student feedback, which highlights the promotion of research-related competences and self-efficacy within the course.

Purpose: This study aims to delve into the interplay between didactic audiovisual translation (DAT) and computer-assisted language learning (CALL), exploring their combined impact on the development of intercultural competence (IC) among learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Design/methodology/approach: Using a quasi-experimental approach with a quantitative research design, the study analyses the outcomes of a questionnaire answered by 147 students across 15 language centres in Spanish Universities. These participants actively engaged in completing the lesson plans of the Traducción audiovisual como recurso didáctico en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras project, a Spanish-Government funded research initiative aimed at assessing the effects of DAT on language learning. Findings: The current study confirms the reliability of the instrument developed to measure students' perceived improvement. Beyond validating the research tool, the findings of the current study confirm the significant improvement in intercultural learning achieved through DAT, effectively enhancing students' motivation to engage in language learning. Research limitations/implications: The current research solely examines students enrolled in higher education language centres. This paper closes with a CALL for additional research, including participants from other educational stages, such as primary or secondary education. In the broader context of CALL research, this study serves as a valuable contribution by exploring the potential of DAT in fostering IC in EFL settings. Originality/value: This research confirms the potential of DAT and CALL to promote students' learning process, as the combination of these approaches not only yields linguistic benefits but also intercultural learning.

A sense of school belonging has been associated with a number of positive outcomes for young people Two core aspects are feeling part of the school, and feeling safe. This paper examines qualitative data from a mixed methods questionnaire designed to inform schools on the barriers and supports to participation in school life and the relationship with students' feelings of belonging. It contributes to the limited existing qualitative data and can be set alongside students' quantitative measures to provide new insights. We explore responses from 595 students, to the open questions of a survey. Students frequently mentioned relationships with teachers and peers, often in the context of feeling safe to be themselves, suggesting that feeling part of the school and feeling safe are intertwined. The comments reveal the importance of being recognised and accepted and not having their identity purely defined in relation to attainment on a narrowly defined curriculum.

This paper describes the development and validation of an instrument to assess how students deal with emotionally challenging classroom situations (the DECCS Questionnaire). The questionnaire is based on a vignette with one learning and one performance situation in a classroom, and is intended for students in grades 4 to 7. On a sample of N = 639 students (M[subscript age] = 10.6 years; SD = 1.25, 52.4% girls) in northwest Germany, factor analytic procedures for the subdimensions of students dealing with emotionally challenging classroom situations show that two factors can be distinguished each for students' appraisals, for students' adaptive behavior, for students' maladaptive behavior, and for students' desired teacher behavior. The questionnaire and subscales demonstrate good reliability and validity values. Thus, the DECCS questionnaire shows good psychometric properties and is well suited for determining how students deal with emotionally challenging classroom situations.

This paper examines the relationship between parental monitoring and control, parents' perceived knowledge of their adolescent's online activities, and parents' perceived knowledge of their adolescent's involvement in cyberbullying, among Israeli Jewish and Arab parents of adolescents. The 407 participants consisted of two groups: Jewish (n = 194) and Arab (n = 213) parents of adolescents in Israel, who were recruited via online social networks and completed an online survey. The self-report questionnaire included the Stattin and Kerr Parental Control and Parental Monitoring Questionnaire (Stattin & Kerr in Developmental Psychology 36:366, 2000), as well as parental knowledge of child online activities and witnessing and experiencing cyberbullying. Parental monitoring and control were perceived as higher by Jewish than Arab parents, while no group differences were found for perceived child disclosure or parental knowledge of adolescent online activity. Parental knowledge of the adolescent witnessing cyberbullying was higher among Arab than Jewish parents, while the opposite was found for parental knowledge of the adolescent experiencing cyberbullying. Parental knowledge of the adolescent both witnessing and experiencing cyberbullying was related to group affiliation, lower parental education, and higher parental perceived knowledge of the adolescent's online activities. Parents' perceived knowledge of the adolescent witnessing cyberbullying was further related to higher perceived adolescent disclosure. The study increases our understanding of perceived parental involvement and its relationship with parents' perceived knowledge of the adolescent's involvement in cyberbullying in a diverse and multicultural society.

This paper presents the item and test information functions of the Rank two-parameter logistic models (Rank-2PLM) for items with two (pair) and three (triplet) statements in forced-choice questionnaires. The Rank-2PLM model for pairs is the MUPP-2PLM (Multi-Unidimensional Pairwise Preference) and, for triplets, is the Triplet-2PLM. Fisher's information and directional information are described, and the test information for Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum A Posterior (MAP), and Expected A Posterior (EAP) trait score estimates is distinguished. Expected item/test information indexes at various levels are proposed and plotted to provide diagnostic information on items and tests. The expected test information indexes for EAP scores may be difficult to compute due to a typical test's vast number of item response patterns. The relationships of item/test information with discrimination parameters of statements, standard error, and reliability estimates of trait score estimates are discussed and demonstrated using real data. Practical suggestions for checking the various expected item/test information indexes and plots are provided.

Background: School Health Profiles assesses school health policies and practices among US secondary schools. Methods: The 2020 School Health Profiles principal and teacher questionnaires were used for a test-retest reliability study. Cohen's kappa coefficients tested the agreement in dichotomous responses to each questionnaire variable at 2 time points. The aggregate prevalence estimates between time 1 and time 2 were compared for each questionnaire item via overlapping 95% confidence intervals. Chi-square tests examined whether the prevalence at time 2 differed between paper and web administration for both questionnaires. Results: For the principal (N = 50) and teacher (N = 34) data, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of any items between time 1 and time 2. For the principal survey, the mean kappa for 191 variables was 0.49. For the teacher survey, the mean kappa for 260 variables was 0.65. Overall, 60.7% of principal and 91.1% of teacher questionnaire items had at least "moderate" reliability. Conclusions: School Health Profiles offers education and health agencies a reliable tool to monitor school policies and practices.

Purpose: Usability is one of the key concerns in the development of mobile learning applications. The aim of this paper is to design and validate a usability evaluation questionnaire (UEQ) for mobile learning applications. Design/methodology/approach: The UEQ was developed in four stages: selecting primary studies and extracting usability problems, thematic analysis, creating UEQ items and validation and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Findings: CFA to derive the model fit was computed using AMOS to test the construct validity. The model-fit values were within their respective expected acceptance levels. To assess the reliability of the instrument item loadings, the internal consistency coefficients such as Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega and composite reliability were considered. Indicator loadings ranged between 0.735 and 0.933, fulfilling the threshold of above 0.7. Originality/value: The study provides a novel UEQ for mobile learning applications, which can be used by developers and in academic research to assess mobile learning applications.

Background: Food allergy (FA) affects approximately 8% of children and may be immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated or non-IgE-mediated. It is recognized clinically that children with both subtypes of FA may present with features of pediatric feeding disorder (PFD); however, there is currently a limited detail of presenting characteristics. Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize the current evidence regarding the feeding characteristics of children with FA, with a focus on the feeding skills and psychosocial domains of PFD. Method: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Papers published between 2001 and 2022 describing feeding characteristics in the feeding skills and psychosocial domains in children with FA/history of FA were included. Papers that focused solely on characteristics from the medical or nutritional domains were excluded. Descriptive information regarding demographics, methodology, allergy profile and history, and the characteristics of PFD observed was extracted using a preconceived data extraction form. Results: Overall, 40 papers contained descriptions of feeding characteristics of children with non-IgE-mediated FA (n = 22) and IgE-mediated FA (n = 11), while four were nonspecific. In the psychosocial domain, food refusal/aversion, anxiety with eating, and poor intake were the most frequently reported, regardless of FA subtype. Less information was reported regarding feeding skills, although slowness in eating, immature diet, and delays in oral sensory-motor skills were described. Conclusions: Children with FA/history of FA may present with a range of characteristics that map across the feeding skill and psychosocial domains of PFD. Systematic research is needed to fully describe the feeding characteristics of children with FA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hitherto, no instrumental research has been designed to measure the addiction potential for children in Iran. Therefore, the questionnaires designed to investigate addiction were examined in this systematic review article. Methods: In the present systematic review, all Iranian and foreign research on addiction potential for children were examined until March 2022. Using separate keywords and their Latin synonyms according to Mesh terms, an extensive search was conducted in databases: PubMed, Magiran, Iranmedex, Medline, Google Scholar, SID, and Irandoc. In total, 173 Farsi and English papers were included in the initial list, and after evaluation according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) checklist and acceptance criteria, 43 final papers were selected for systematic review. Findings: Through searching in Persian and English databases and using related keywords, 173 papers were found in the initial search and after removing duplicates and unrelated studies, 43 papers were selected for systematic review. In this research, papers related to the addiction potential between 1998 and 2019 were considered, and among these, 22 papers particularly dealt with addiction. In the conducted studies, the awareness, attitude, talent, and factors affecting addiction were mostly measured and in some papers, addiction potential was measured. Conclusion: Designing psychometrically appropriate tools is necessary to measure the addiction potential of children in Iran. Due to the unavailability of appropriate tools and the fact that the previous versions are not up to date and are not checked regularly, for better and more complete decision-making in the health policy-making process more investigation in this field is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To map existing evidence and identify gaps in the literature concerning psychosocial impacts of being nil by mouth (NBM) as an adult. Design: A scoping review of the literature was undertaken using JBI guidance. A protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/43g9y). Reporting was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Methods: A comprehensive search of six databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and Web of Science) was performed for studies published up to February 2023, with no restriction to study type. A scope of the grey literature was also undertaken. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Descriptive statistical analysis and narrative synthesis were used, and patient and public involvement included in funding discussions. Results: A total of 23 papers were included in the review, consisting of 14 primary studies (7 qualitative and 7 quantitative) and 9 grey literature. Both global psychological distress and distress specific to being NBM (thirst, missing food and drink) were reported. Caregivers also experience distress from their family member being NBM. Furthermore, social impacts were reported for both patient and caregiver, primarily social isolation and subsequent low mood. Conclusion: Furthermore, research is needed to understand the prevalence of this population, how best to measure psychosocial impacts and to explore whether (and how) psychosocial impacts change over time. Advancement in this area would enable better service development to optimize care for this patient group. What is known about this topic?: Eating and drinking provides more than nutrition and hydration.A wide range of conditions can lead to recommendations for no longer eating and drinking (nil by mouth).Being nil by mouth (NBM) for short periods such as pre‐operative fasting causes distress; however, little is understood about impact on longer‐term abstinence from eating and drinking. What this paper adds?: Psychosocial consequences of being nil by mouth (NBM)have been investigated by both quantitative and qualitative studies.Being NBM impacts both patients and caregivers in various psychosocial aspects, including distress and social isolation.Several gaps remain, however, regarding ways to measure psychosocial impact of being NBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The making of education governance reforms has led to the transfer of school management powers to teachers' and parents' representatives through primary school management committees. However, the committees have been found to be inadequate in ensuring that collective action is taken by their male and female members in most low- and middle-income countries. In response, this paper examines the possibilities that collective action by school committees is related to gender inequality, controlling for demographic and socio-economic factors across the rural (Iringa District) and urban (Arusha City) contexts of Tanzania. The results of a simple linear regression analysis using Ordinary Least Square techniques show that gender inequality predicts the collective action in school committees in both Arusha City and Iringa District. However, the multiple linear regression model predicts gender inequality in Arusha, and not in Iringa, controlling for membership experience and occupational status for both the rural and urban samples. This paper has implications for both policy and practice. In particular, the next round of school autonomy reforms needs to consider the criteria for school committee membership to incorporate membership experience and occupational status into the qualifications of parents' representatives. In practice, head teachers need to devise innovative, sustainable approaches using the readily available resources to provide planning, budgeting and monitoring skills-based training to newly elected parent representatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite a known risk of cellulitis recurrence, the management of the wider impact and risk factors has been neglected. The innovative National Cellulitis Improvement Programme (NCIP) addresses this by providing evidence-based and individualised care to improve patient reported outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrence. The aim of this paper is to examine the longer-term impact of cellulitis and to identify a suitable and clinically relevant Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM). Methods: A review of existing cellulitis-specific PROMs was undertaken, alongside literature detailing the patient-focused impact of cellulitis, to identify a suitable PROM for clinical use. A group of expert therapists and patient representatives (n = 14) shared their individual and collective experiences over a series of events to discuss and debate the impact of cellulitis and review available PROMs. CELLUPROM© is introduced with anonymised PROM data and case study information reported to establish the impact of CELLUPROM© within usual NCIP care. Results: No cellulitis-specific PROMs were identified. Literature focused on the signs and symptoms of an acute episode of cellulitis, with outcome measures primarily used to evidence the impact of an intervention. An enduring physical, social and emotional impact of cellulitis was identified in this study, providing the basis for the new cellulitis-specific PROM (CELLUPROM©), which has been implemented with good effect in clinical care. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the lasting impact of cellulitis. Using CELLUPROM© within the risk-reduction NCIP has helped develop Value-Based Healthcare and support programme evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In many countries, health care professionals are legally obliged to share information from electronic health records with patients. However, concerns have been raised regarding the sharing of notes with adolescents in mental health care, and health care professionals have called for recommendations to guide this practice. Objective: The aim was to reach a consensus among authors of scientific papers on recommendations for health care professionals' digital sharing of notes with adolescents in mental health care and to investigate whether staff at child and adolescent specialist mental health care clinics agreed with the recommendations. Methods: A Delphi study was conducted with authors of scientific papers to reach a consensus on recommendations. The process of making the recommendations involved three steps. First, scientific papers meeting the eligibility criteria were identified through a PubMed search where the references were screened. Second, the results from the included papers were coded and transformed into recommendations in an iterative process. Third, the authors of the included papers were asked to provide feedback and consider their agreement with each of the suggested recommendations in two rounds. After the Delphi process, a cross-sectional study was conducted among staff at specialist child and adolescent mental health care clinics to assess whether they agreed with the recommendations that reached a consensus. Results: Of the 84 invited authors, 27 responded. A consensus was reached on 17 recommendations on areas related to digital sharing of notes with adolescents in mental health care. The recommendations considered how to introduce digital access to notes, write notes, and support health care professionals, and when to withhold notes. Of the 41 staff members at child and adolescent specialist mental health care clinics, 60% or more agreed with the 17 recommendations. No consensus was reached regarding the age at which adolescents should receive digital access to their notes and the timing of digitally sharing notes with parents. Conclusions: A total of 17 recommendations related to key aspects of health care professionals' digital sharing of notes with adolescents in mental health care achieved consensus. Health care professionals can use these recommendations to guide their practice of sharing notes with adolescents in mental health care. However, the effects and experiences of following these recommendations should be tested in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug repositioning has the potential to reduce costs and accelerate the rate of drug development, with highly promising applications. Currently, the development of artificial intelligence has provided the field with fast and efficient computing power. Nevertheless, the repositioning of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still in its infancy, and the establishment of a reasonable and effective research method is a pressing issue that requires urgent attention. The use of graph neural network (GNN) to compute the similarity between TCM prescriptions to develop a method for finding their new indications is an innovative attempt. Methods: This paper focused on traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions containing ephedra, with 20 prescriptions for treating external cough and asthma taken as target prescriptions. The remaining 67 prescriptions containing ephedra were taken as to-be-matched prescriptions. Furthermore, a multitude of data pertaining to the prescriptions, including diseases, disease targets, symptoms, and various types of information on herbs, was gathered from a diverse array of literature sources, such as Chinese medicine databases. Then, cosine similarity and Jaccard coefficient were calculated to characterize the similarity between prescriptions using graph convolutional network (GCN) with a self-supervised learning method, such as deep graph infomax (DGI). Results: A total of 1340 values were obtained for each of the two calculation indicators. A total of 68 prescription pairs were identified after screening with 0.77 as the threshold for cosine similarity. Following the removal of false positive results, 12 prescription pairs were deemed to have further research value. A total of 5 prescription pairs were screened using a threshold of 0.50 for the Jaccard coefficient. However, the specific results did not exhibit significant value for further use, which may be attributed to the excessive variety of information in the dataset. Conclusions: The proposed method can provide reference for finding new indications of target prescriptions by quantifying the similarity between prescriptions. It is expected to offer new insights for developing a scientific and systematic research methodology for traditional Chinese medicine repositioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The standard way to study Large Language Models (LLMs) through benchmarks or psychology questionnaires is to provide many different queries from similar minimal contexts (e.g. multiple choice questions). However, due to LLM's highly context-dependent nature, conclusions from such minimal-context evaluations may be little informative about the model's behavior in deployment (where it will be exposed to many new contexts). We argue that context-dependence should be studied as another dimension of LLM comparison alongside others such as cognitive abilities, knowledge, or model size. In this paper, we present a case-study about the stability of value expression over different contexts (simulated conversations on different topics), and as measured using a standard psychology questionnaire (PVQ) and behavioral downstream tasks. We consider 21 LLMs from six families. Reusing methods from psychology, we study Rank-order stability on the population (interpersonal) level, and Ipsative stability on the individual (intrapersonal) level. We explore two settings: with and without instructing LLMs to simulate particular personalities. We observe similar trends in the stability of models and model families—Mixtral, Mistral, GPT-3.5 and Qwen families being more stable than LLaMa-2 and Phi—over those two settings, two different simulated populations, and even on three downstream behavioral tasks. When instructed to simulate particular personas, LLMs exhibit low Rank-Order stability, and this stability further diminishes with conversation length. This highlights the need for future research directions on LLMs that can coherently simulate a diversity of personas, as well as how context-dependence can be studied in more thorough and efficient ways. This paper provides a foundational step in that direction, and, to our knowledge, it is the first study of value stability in LLMs. The project website with code is available at https://sites.google.com/view/llmvaluestability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals may experience a range of symptoms after the clearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This condition is termed long COVID (LC) or Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Despite the appreciable number of symptoms documented to date, one key challenge remains in the robust characterization of LC outcomes. This review aimed to assess the properties, identify gaps, and provide recommendations for relevant descriptive and evaluative Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement (PROM) instruments that can be used to comprehensively characterize LC. Methods: To achieve this objective, we identified and reviewed descriptive and evaluative PROM instruments that have been developed and validated to date with people living with LC. Our review assessed their properties, identified gaps, and recommended PROMs suitable for characterizing LC. To ensure a comprehensive and robust characterization of LC, we next identified, reviewed, and selected (with the input of patient partners) PROMs associated with the most frequently reported LC symptoms. The evaluation criteria included psychometric evidence, mode of delivery, cost, and administration time. Results: Traditional matrix mapping revealed Post-COVID Functional Status Scale (PCFS) as a choice instrument for capturing LC outcomes largely because of the comprehensive domains it covered, and the number of psychometric evidence reported in literatures. This instrument can be effectively paired with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Headache Impact Test (HIT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ-PEM) to characterize fatigue, cognitive impairment, depression/anxiety, headache, sleeplessness, and post-exertional malaise respectively. Conclusion: Our paper identified appropriate PROM instruments that can effectively capture the diverse impacts of LC. By utilizing these validated instruments, we can better understand and manage LC. Plain language summary: Some individuals who once contracted the virus responsible for COVID-19 may continue to experience a range of symptoms persisting for more than 3 months. These symptoms include fatigue, difficulty sleeping, anxiety and difficulty breathing amongst others. This condition is known by many as Long COVID (LC). To understand the health outcomes of patients faced with this condition, standardized Patient Reported Outcome Measurement instruments (PROMs) are pivotal. PROMs are standardized questionnaires completed by patients to measure their symptoms, perceptions of health status, and/or functional well-being. In this paper, we have examined standardized instruments suitable for measuring LC outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive strength and weakness analysis of each instrument reviewed, guided by specific criteria. Based on our strength and weakness analyses, we identified several potential instruments that can be used to reports patients' outcomes concerning LC. The data collected from PROMs provides valuable insights for healthcare practitioners and policy makers, enabling the enhancement of patient-centric care and serving as an instrument for systemic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to share learning about practical steps that can be taken to eliminate persistent racism from the workplace, including racism by people who have cognitive impairments who do not understand the impact of their behaviours. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is informed by qualitative research. An independent researcher was commissioned to recruit 45 black British, black African and black Caribbean women living in Norfolk and working for a range of employers. Parameters were agreed in advance (aims, consent, data protection). A list of questions was provided to the researcher. The questions covered experiences of prejudice and discrimination. Data collection included face to face/online/telephone interviews, focus groups and questionnaires. The researcher recorded the women's views and compiled them in a findings report. The report was shared with the women to confirm that their views had been recorded accurately. The author has also convened conversations with over 100 professionals representing providers of public services, including social and domiciliary care. Findings: The author identified that it will be impossible for employers to eliminate persistent racism from their workplaces until all managers consistently and diligently address every report of racism effectively, in line with the steps set out in this paper. The purpose is to establish, over time, a workplace culture where racism is never tolerated or allowed to persist, and workers and managers learn – and become more confident – to recognise, address and eliminate racism at work. Until this is embedded, racism affecting workers will continue to go unchecked and unacknowledged in the workplace. Research limitations/implications: The data gathered to inform this paper (specifically the research commissioned and described in this abstract, in addition to other data, such as conversations convened with professionals) is qualitative data. It cannot be assumed that the experiences of the people interviewed reflect the experiences of all people. However, the voices of participants have highlighted issues to inform future planning. Practical implications: The author must be clear that, so far there has been no definitive solution to persistent racism in the workplace. The learning so far is being shared with the hope that this assists others with developing strategies to eliminate persistent racism. Social implications: Workplaces across the UK are committed to eradicating racism. However, the rate of change is glacial. This research paper shares learning about how to address this, to increase the pace of change, to begin to genuinely eliminate persistent racism from the workplace. Originality/value: To the author's knowledge, the learning from this research is original and not replicated elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Most patient-reported outcome (PROs) used in thrombosis research and clinical practice are delivered using technology like online questionnaires. However, only few have undergone formal electronic adaptation from paper to digital versions, threatening the validity and reliability of the PROs. The present study aimed to perform an electronic adaption and cross-cultural translation of two PROs measuring health-related quality of life in a Danish cohort of patients with venous thrombosis (VTE), specifically the VEINES-QoL/Sym questionnaire and the PEmb-QoL questionnaire. Methods: The electronic adaption and cross-cultural translation processes followed the international guidelines recommended by ISPOR. The migration of the questionnaires from paper to electronic versions was conducted in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Following approval of the electronically adapted and translated versions, a pretest of the questionnaires was performed by cognitive interviewing patients with VTE recruited from a hospital setting. Results: Nine men and ten women between the age of 19 and 73 years participated in cognitive interviews. The questionnaires were successfully adapted from paper to electronic versions, and during the migration process only a few modifications to the content and format were made. Most comments were related to technicalities, e.g. touch functions and checkboxes. The cross-cultural translation of both questionnaires was satisfactory, as only minor rephrasing was required. Conclusions: The original and Danish version of VEINES-QoL/Sym and PEmb-QoL were successfully adapted into electronic versions and are ready to share for REDCap users. Furthermore, the Danish versions of the two questionnaires have shown satisfactory face validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease that consumes considerable medical resources. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate a model able to develop and assess the effectiveness of a mobile application disease self‐management programme regarding mental health and self‐management for patients with hypertension. Methods: A randomised controlled trial and single‐blind random assignment was employed to group the participants. A total of 100 patients were collected from the cardiology clinic of a teaching hospital in Taiwan. There were 50 participants in each group: the mobile application group (experimental group) and the routine care (control group). The primary outcome measures were mental health and self‐management. Results: This study discovered that the intervention improved the mental health and self‐management of the experimental group. The results for the experimental group revealed significantly improved effects and outcomes superior to those of the control group. Conclusions: The study results verified that a mobile application disease self‐management programme could improve the mental health and disease self‐management of patients with hypertension. Summary Statement: What is already known about this topic? Hypertension is a chronic disease that consumes considerable medical resources.Disease self‐management programmes have been successfully applied for many patients with chronic diseases and have been verified to provide benefits, such as effectively changing and maintaining the health behaviours of patients, reducing medical costs and increasing quality of life. What this paper adds? The mobile application disease self‐management programme is verified to improve the mental health of patients with hypertension.The mobile application disease self‐management programme can effectively improve the disease self‐management of patients with hypertension, and this improvement is superior to that achievable with usual care. The implications of this paper: This study may serve as a reference for nursing personnel for developing unconventional health education programmes.A mobile application disease self‐management programme improved the mental health and disease self‐management of patients with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a web application on health literacy and self‐efficacy in managing arm oedema symptoms among patients with breast cancer. Methods: The research was carried out in four phases as follows: Phase 1, using a qualitative approach to explore problems and information needs in educating breast cancer patients through in‐depth interviews with 10 professional nurses who had experiences in caring for breast cancer patients and 20 breast cancer patients. Data were analysed by content analysis; Phase 2, designing and developing a web application and confirming its quality by five experts with experience caring for breast cancer patients; Phase 3, testing the web application with five breast cancer patients; and Phase 4, examining the effectiveness of a web application in breast cancer patients using a quasiexperimental research method. Patients were divided into 15 persons in control and 15 in intervention groups, a total of 30 persons. The tools used in the study consisted of (1) a web application on practices for reducing risk for arm oedema after breast cancer treatment, (2) a health literacy assessment tool, (3) a self‐efficacy for managing symptoms questionnaire and (4) a web application satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square and t test. Results: Qualitative findings: The web application should cover patients' and nurses' views on arm oedema causes, assessment, prevention and self‐care for managing swelling after breast cancer treatment. Characteristics of a web application required: large text, bright colours, clear visibility, accompanying pictures or videos, using simple language without official terminology, easy to access, convenient to use, concise, interesting content and shareable to others. Quantitative findings: The intervention group had significantly higher health literacy and self‐efficacy in managing symptom scores than before the trial (p < 0.001). Sample groups were satisfied with the developed web application at a high level. When considering each item, it was found that all items were rated at high levels. Two items with the same highest score were ease of use and the attractiveness of the presentation style. Conclusion: This web application, aimed at reducing the risk of arm oedema after breast cancer treatment, is an effective tool for educating all hospitalized patients. In addition, further research should be conducted to monitor the sustainability of long‐term and clinical outcomes. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Some patients with breast cancer experience arm oedema either immediately after treatment or over extended periods.Web applications have become a valuable tool for educating patients with breast cancer. However, the features of the web applications designed to reduce the risk of breast cancer‐related lymphedema and their effectiveness remain unclear. What this paper adds? An effective web application for preventing breast cancer‐related lymphedema should cover causes, assessment, prevention strategies and self‐management guidelines. Key features should include large text, user‐friendly design, attractiveness and clarity.Web applications can help patients with breast cancer improve health literacy and self‐efficacy in managing symptoms. The implications of this paper: The web application should be used to educate breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Work and family role conflict is a common source of stressors that affect nurses, leading to negative outcomes on their mental health, such as depressive symptoms, which affect nurses' job performance and patients' health outcomes. Mindfulness positively affected mental health, but its role in the relationship between role conflict and depressive symptoms was not previously examined. Purpose: To examine the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between work–family conflict and family–work conflict with depressive symptoms among nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross‐sectional design was used to collect data from a sample of 188 nurses from two large referral hospitals in northern and central Jordan. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and macro PROCESS. Results: The mean score of depressive symptoms in our sample indicated that our sample is at risk for clinical depression. The bivariate correlation showed that depressive symptoms were significantly and negatively associated with work–family and family–work conflicts and significantly and positively associated with mindfulness. Both regression models explained 52% of the variance in depressive symptoms (F [6, 181] = 35.38, p <.001). The models also showed that mindfulness had a significant negative effect on depressive symptoms (t = −8.98, p <.001). The results of macro PROCESS indicated that mindfulness mediated the relationship between work–family conflict and family–work conflict with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Nurses are exposed to a number of stressors in their work environment, including long work hours and frequent exposure to traumatic events. The current study showed that mindfulness might play a role in mediating the relationship between family–work conflict and family–work conflict with depressive symptoms. Nurses, nurse managers and policymakers can work with healthcare organizations to promote nurses' work quality by controlling risk factors, such as depressive symptoms, and implementing strategies to mitigate these risks. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurses assume various roles and responsibilities in their professional and personal spheres, resulting in conflicts between their work and family roles.Work and family role conflict can affect nurses' job satisfaction, mental health, care quality, poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. What this paper adds? Nurses showed a higher level of family–work conflict compared with work–family conflict.Mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between work–family and family–work conflicts with depressive symptoms. The implications of this paper Considering that work and family role conflicts are inherent and inevitable in nursing, active measures must be taken to reduce their impact on nurses' personal lives and the quality of care being provided.Mindfulness can be a potential area to be considered by nurse managers and policymakers to minimize the impact of work and family role conflicts on nurses and the quality of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of online individual motivational interviewing based on the transtheoretical model on pregnant women's smoking cessation behaviour. Material and Method: Sixty‐two pregnant women who did not complete the 16th gestational week and who smoked were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 31) and control (n = 31) groups. While the intervention group was administered model‐based motivational individual counselling interventions, the control group was administered no interventions. Findings The results showed that 58.1% of the pregnant women in the intervention group and 22.6% of the pregnant women in the control group ceased smoking. Conclusion: Online motivational interviewing based on the transtheoretical model was found to be effective in pregnant women's smoking cessation. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Smoking is one of the two leading causes of death worldwide.Smoking during pregnancy is a serious risk factor affecting both maternal and infant health.Nurses could make important contributions to raising non‐smoking generations and protecting and improving public health through trainings to be given to pregnant women. What this paper adds? This paper reveals that online motivational interviewing based on the transtheoretical model was effective in pregnant women's smoking cessation. The implications of this paper: The online motivational interviewing smoking cessation programme based on transtheoretical model, which forms the basis of our study, can be implemented by midwives and nurses without time, place and distance restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of web‐based education on blood glucose control, self‐care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A single‐blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist at a university hospital in Turkey. The study included 89 patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly divided into an intervention group (44) and a control group (45). Participants in the intervention group participated in a 3‐month web‐based education programme. Results: The findings indicated that there were no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and illness features between the intervention and control groups, and both were homogeneous. A statistically significant decrease of 0.71 was observed in the HbA1c (%) level of the intervention group following web‐based education. Following web‐based education, there was a significant difference in body mass index (kg/m2) and waist circumferences (cm) between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group displayed significantly improved self‐care and quality of life over the 3‐month period (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that web‐based education can enhance the self‐care and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Patients with type 2 diabetes frequently struggle to manage their blood glucose levels regularly.Continuing regular education of these patients is necessary.The use of wireless health applications, including Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth and cellular/mobile phones, in blood glucose monitoring has been shown to have long‐term positive effects in reducing type 2 diabetes complications. What this paper adds? The study demonstrates that nurse‐led interventions through a web‐based education programme can have positive effects on blood glucose levels, self‐care activities, self‐efficacy and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. The implications of this paper: Placing web‐based education within the health system and conducting follow‐ups in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim: To explore and describe workplace stress levels and health‐promoting behaviours reported by emergency nurses in China, and to investigate factors associated with workplace stress and health‐promoting lifestyle behaviours among emergency nurses. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted between October 2019 and January 2020. Nurses (n = 1565) were recruited from the emergency departments of 54 hospitals within the Sichuan Province of West China. Each subject completed the Chinese versions of the Nurse Workplace Stress Scale, the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP‐II) and demographic questions. Linear regression analyses were used to identify associations between workplace stress and the health‐promoting lifestyle and risk factors correlated with these two measurements. Results: Workplace stress was negatively associated with health‐promoting behaviours. Linear regression analysis showed that gender, marital status, whether wages met expected standards and professional rank were found to be associated with health promotion behaviours; marital status, whether income met expected standards, the number of night shifts per month and health promotion behaviours were found to be associated with workplace stress. Conclusion: Higher levels of workplace stress are associated with lower levels of engagement in health‐promoting behaviours, suggesting the potential for reducing workplace stress through the adoption of healthier habits. Policies should prioritize workplace stress by promoting healthy lifestyle initiatives. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Emergency nurses experience high levels of workplace stress. Excessive long‐term stress may result in physical and mental illnesses.The health and quality of life of emergency nurses are profoundly affected by these stressors, and their health status is directly related to the efficiency and quality of their nursing work.Very little research has been conducted on the relationship between workplace stress and health‐promoting lifestyle behaviours in emergency nurses. What this paper adds? Workplace stress was negatively associated with health‐promoting behaviours.Married female nurses, those who did not receive the expected income, and those with lower professional ranks were found to be less likely to engage in health‐promoting behaviours.Interventions to reduce nurses' workplace stress should prioritize the promotion of health‐promoting behaviours. The implications of this paper: Hospital managers should implement active and effective measures in the nursing management of emergency departments to alleviate work pressure on nurses and encourage their healthy lifestyles.The introduction of a flexible scheduling system, taking into account night shift arrangements, can significantly reduce workplace stress caused by the number of night shifts per month.Improving the working environment for emergency nurses by providing easy access to affordable and nutritious meals and snacks and organizing physical activity can reduce stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aims to develop a protocol for the combined use of swaddling, facilitated tucking, expressed breast milk and sucrose administration methods in the orogastric tube (OGT) insertion procedure and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 15 February 2022 and 15 September 2022, with 175 preterms. Preterms at 32–34 gestational weeks were randomly allocated to five groups: routine care, swaddling + expressed breast milk, swaddling + sucrose, facilitated tucking + expressed breast milk and facilitated tucking + sucrose groups. The data were collected using the Preterm Descriptive Information Form, the Physiological Measurement Form, the COMFORTneo scale and the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP). Results: The facilitated tucking + expressed breast milk method was found to be more effective than the routine care (pdistress < 0.001; ppain = 0.031) and swaddling + expressed breast milk (pdistress = 0.004; ppain = 0.015) methods in reducing the estimated distress and PIPP pain level of preterms during the procedure. Two minutes after the procedure, the facilitated tucking + expressed breast milk method was more effective than the routine care (p < 0.001), swaddling + expressed breast milk (p = 0.011) and swaddling + sucrose (p = 0.002) methods in reducing the comfort level score. Conclusions: The facilitated tucking + expressed breast milk method is effective in reducing pain and distress and providing comfort during the OGT procedure. Clinical Trials ID: NCT05180058. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? As there is a paucity of evidence‐based literature on the management of OGT, which is a painful procedure, the management of this pain becomes even more crucial, especially in preterms whose development and complication mechanisms are not completed.There are conflicting results in the literature regarding the effectiveness of expressed breast milk and sucrose, so this study is believed to serve as a research topic for further studies. What this paper adds? The highest mean heart rate, the lowest oxygen saturation, the highest estimate of pain and distress level and the highest comfort and pain score averages of the neonates were found during the procedure, indicating that the OGT procedure is painful.The facilitated tucking + expressed breast milk method was effective in decreasing the estimate of distress and the pain level of newborns during the procedure, decreasing the estimate of pain and distress values 1 min after the procedure and decreasing the comfort level score 2 min after the procedure. The implications of this paper: This study, comparing the effectiveness of using expressed breast milk and sucrose in combination with swaddling and facilitated tucking and developing an application protocol, provides an easy‐to‐use nursing practice for preterm pain management.The protocol was developed for combined swaddling, facilitated tucking, expressed breast milk and sucrose administration, and its effectiveness was evaluated.The facilitated tucking + expressed breast milk method may help nurses as a supportive method in pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]