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Early career members of Assembly 3 (Basic and Translational Sciences) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) summarise the key messages discussed during six selected sessions that took place at the ERS International Congress 2023 in Milan, Italy. Aligned with the theme of the congress, the first session covered is "Micro- and macro-environments and respiratory health", which is followed by a summary of the "Scientific year in review" session. Next, recent advances in experimental methodologies and new technologies are discussed from the "Tissue modelling and remodelling" session and a summary provided of the translational science session, "What did you always want to know about omics analyses for clinical practice?", which was organised as part of the ERS Translational Science initiative's aims. The "Lost in translation: new insights into cell-to-cell crosstalk in lung disease" session highlighted how next-generation sequencing can be integrated with laboratory methods, and a final summary of studies is presented from the "From the transcriptome landscape to innovative preclinical models in lung diseases" session, which links the transcriptome landscape with innovative preclinical models. The wide range of topics covered in the selected sessions and the high quality of the research discussed demonstrate the strength of the basic and translational science being presented at the international respiratory conference organised by the ERS., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: A. Schweikert report grants or contracts from Health Research Board (HRB) and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Irish Lung Fibrosis Association, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: C.X. Lim reports support for the present manuscript from the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health; and a grant from Austrian Society for Pneumology (ÖGP) Science and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Medical University of Vienna, Austrian Science Fund (FWF P34266-B), outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: K.M. Lodge reports support for the present manuscript from National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre; and consulting fees from NetScientific PLC and ProAxis Ltd, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: N. Ubags is Secretary of ERS Group 3.03. Conflict of interest: A.M. van der Does is Secretary of ERS Group 3.02. Conflict of interest: S.M. Cloonan reports grants or contracts from PETA Science Consortium Award for 3-D Human Tissue Models and Irish Research Council; consulting fees from AstraZeneca GRLF Innovation Forum; support for attending meetings and/or travel from ERS Annual Conference, ATS Annual Conference and AstraZeneca GRLF Innovation Forum; and leadership or fiduciary roles in other boards, societies, committees or advocacy groups for ERS Group 3.02 (Chair), ATS AAI Program Committee and ERS Fellowship and Awards Committee, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: N.L. Reynaert reports being supported by ERS to attend this meeting and is Secretary of ERS Assembly 3. Conflict of interest: I.H. Heijink reports grants or contracts from Dutch Longfonds, ZonMW and Health Holland, outside the submitted work; and is Head of ERS Assembly 3. Conflict of interest: S. Cuevas-Ocaña reports receiving support from the ERS to attend the ERS Congress, outside the submitted work; and is Early Career Member Committee Chair and Early Career representative of ERS Assembly 3. Conflict of interest: The remaining authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright ©The authors 2024.)