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The photoinduced dielectric constant change can be used to develop light-controlled devices. (1 − x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 − x(Sr0.5Sm0.5)(Mg0.5Nb0.5)O3 (KNN-xSSMN) ceramics were designed for investigating photoelectric and luminescent properties. The phase of the samples induced by SSMN changes from the orthogonal phase to the pseudo-cubic phase. The grain size shows a slight increase from 150 nm to 190 nm. The increase in the diffusion index from 1.48 to 1.86 indicates enhanced relaxation behavior. A pronounced photodielectric response with dielectric tunability of up to ~315% is obtained at x = 0.03, 80 Hz and 365 nm. Reversible capacitance switching at light-on and light-off states indicates the potential application in optical switches. Strong orange-red emission under 406 nm photoexcitation originating from Sm can be observed. These results help to explore new non-contact devices like light-controlled capacitive sensors and optical switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary supplements that have the potential to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. However, their efficacy remains unclear in T2DM patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of fish oil or probiotic supplementation in T2DM patients from the database inception to December 13, 2023. Primary outcome indicators encompassed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipid profile (triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Secondary outcome indicators included inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and adipocytokine (including leptin and adiponectin). The R software was used for statistical analysis, and GraphPad Prism was used for figure rendering. Results: A total of 60 RCTs involving 3845 T2DM patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium, etc.) were more effective in reducing HOMA-IR than fish oil (Surca = 0.935). Bifidobacterium demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels (Surca = 0.963). Regarding lipid metabolism, fish oil was superior to probiotics in lowering TG and TC levels (Surca values of 0.978 and 0.902, respectively). Furthermore, fish oil outperformed probiotics in reducing TNF-α (Surca = 0.839) and leptin (Surca = 0.712), and increasing adiponectin levels (Surca = 0.742). Node-splitting analysis showed good consistency (P > 0.05 for direct, indirect, and network comparison across various interventions). Conclusions: In T2DM patients, fish oil was more effective than probiotics in regulating lipid metabolism. Probiotics outperformed fish oil in regulating glucose metabolism particularly; specifically, Bifidobacterium showed higher efficacy in reducing blood glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]