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• MRI was used to detect clubroot of oilseed rape. • Average sample grayscale histograms of MRI images were extracted and analyzed. • Root architecture parameters were extracted from reconstructed 3D root by MRI images. • Good classification performances of clubroot detection were obtained using MRI. Plant root diseases threat plant growth and eventually cause plant death without proper treatment. It is difficult to diagnose root diseases without digging the roots from the soil, and it is late when the above-ground parts show symptoms under the stress of root diseases. This study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-invasive root phenotyping to detect oilseed rape clubroot. MRI images of healthy oilseed rape roots and roots infected by clubroot were obtained. After image preprocessing, average sample grayscale histograms (Avg-SGH) were extracted to build classification models for disease identification using logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF). Reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) root architectures was also conducted. Root architecture parameters were extracted from the reconstructed roots. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the root architecture parameters differed significantly between healthy and infected roots. RF model using root architecture parameters showed good performances, and the feature importance for clubroot identification was also explored. The overall results showed that MRI could effectively detect clubroot diseases in a non-invasive manner, indicating significant potential for plant root phenotyping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ternary strategy has proven to be an effective method for improving the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, designing and selecting the third component still pose challenges. In this study, this issue is addressed by focusing on the PBDB‐T:Y18‐F binary system and introducing a new, strong luminescent, asymmetric small‐molecule acceptor (SMA) called L8‐CBIC‐Cl, which shares a similar skeleton with Y18‐F. The similarity in molecular framework facilitates good compatibility between the two acceptors, resulting in the formation of an alloy‐like acceptor phase. Furthermore, the norbornenyl‐modified end group in L8‐CBIC‐Cl contributes to its strong luminescent properties, which in turn leads to a low non‐radiative energy loss and a high open‐circuit voltage. Consequently, the PBDB‐T:L8‐CBIC‐Cl:Y18‐F based ternary devices realize a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 17.01%, which is higher than PBDB‐T:Y18‐F device (14.49%). Importantly, L8‐CBIC‐Cl exhibits a good universality as a guest acceptor in other three binary systems (D18:Y6, D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F, and D18:L8‐BO). The D18:L8‐BO:L8‐CBIC‐Cl device shows an impressive efficiency of 19%. The work demonstrates that employing SMA with a high PLQY and better miscibility with host acceptor as the third component has a great potential for developing high‐efficiency ternary OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]