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Polyaniline (PANI) has long been explored as a promising organic cathode for Li-ion batteries. However, its poor electrochemical utilization and cycling instability cast doubt on its potential for practical applications. In this work, we revisit the electrochemical performance of PANI in nonaqueous electrolytes, and reveal an unprecedented reversible capacity of 197.2 mAh g−1 (244.8 F g−1) when cycled in a wide potential range of 1.5 to 4.4 V vs. Li+/Li. This ultra-high capacity derives from 70% -NH- transformed to =NH+- during deep charging/discharging process. This material also demonstrates a high average coulombic efficiency of 98%, an excellent rate performance with 73.5 mAh g−1 at 1800 mA g−1, and retains 76% of initial value after 100 cycles, which are among the best reported values for PANI electrodes in battery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While biochar and manure can provide considerable benefits to soil properties, how these amendments may alter soil microbial activity and decomposition processes remains unknown. In a split‐split‐split‐plot experiment, we amended a sandy loam soil with three rates of manure (whole plot; 0, 3, 9 Mg ha−1) and biochar (split‐plot; 0, 2.5, 10 Mg ha−1), and installed three species of wood stakes (split‐split‐split plot; triploid poplar, Populus tomentosa Carr.; trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx.; and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L.) on the soil surface and in the mineral soil (split‐split plot) to serve as a substrate for microbial degradation. Wood stakes were sampled 3 years after installation to assess decomposition rates (mass loss), and changes in wood carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). In addition, soil extracellular enzyme activities at the 0–20 cm depth were examined. Biochar alone, especially 10 Mg ha−1, increased wood stake decomposition and moisture content on the soil surface and in the mineral soil. Manure at the rate of 9 Mg ha−1 increased soil N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase, α‐glucosidase, and aryl sulfatase activities by 91%, 17%, and 48% respectively. Because of the synergistic benefits of biochar and manure, we suggest that, in this climatic regime and soil texture, 10 Mg ha−1 biochar can be used for soil C sequestration and soil quality improvement, and 9 Mg ha−1 manure can be used in combination with biochar to build soil organic matter in plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on parametric interval-valued full implication algorithms. The interval-valued full implication algorithms based on a class of interval-valued t-norms with parameters are proposed. Meanwhile, the [ a , b ] -type interval-valued full implication algorithms based on a class of interval-valued t-norms with parameters are introduced. Furthermore, the solutions of these algorithms are given. Finally, the proposed algorithms are applied to pattern recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of ratiometric fluorescent MOF sensors with integrated self-calibration and dual-channel detection can efficiently overcome the deficiencies of single-signal sensing. In this regard, the rational design of structurally functionalized MOFs is paramount for enhancing their performance in ratiometric fluorescent sensors. Lately, the concept of MOF-on-MOF design has garnered notable interest as a potential strategy for regulating the structural parameters of MOFs by integrating two or more distinct MOF types. Great efforts have been dedicated to exploring new MOF-on-MOF hybrids and developing their applications in diverse fields. Even so, these materials are still in the stage of advancement in the sensing field. Herein, a Zr-based metal-organic framework anchored on a rare-earth metal-organic framework (UiO-66(OH) 2 @Y-TCPP) was prepared for the ratiometric fluorescence detection toward Al (III) and pH. In this probe, the UiO-66(OH) 2 featured hydroxyl active sites for Al (III), leading to a significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity upon the addition of Al (III), while the signal emitted by the red-emitting Y-TCPP, serving as the reference, remained constant. UiO-66(OH) 2 @Y-TCPP exhibited excellent selectivity for Al (III) sensing with a wider linear range of 0.1–1000 μM, and a lower detection limit of 0.06 μM. This probe has also been utilized for the quantitative determination of Al (III) in hydrotalcite chewable tablets with satisfactory results. In addition, the probe realized ratiometric pH sensing in the range of 7–13 using UiO-66(OH) 2 as an interior reference. The paper-based probe strip was developed for visual pH sensing. By installing color recognition and processing software on a smartphone, real-time and convenient pH sensing could be achieved. This is the first ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Al (III) and pH detection based on a MOF-on-MOF composite probe, which yields two different response modes. The detection results of Al (III) in hydrotalcite chewable tables and smartphone imaging for pH test paper demonstrate the practicability of the probe. This work opens up a new outlook on constructing a multi-functional application platform with substantial potential for employment in environmental and biological analysis tasks. [Display omitted] • A novel fluorescent sensor based on MOF-on-MOF structure was designed. • UiO-66(OH) 2 @ Y-TCPP can achieve ratio fluorescence detection towards Al (III) and pH with two different response modes. • UiO-66(OH) 2 @ Y-TCPP has been successfully utilized to determinate Al (III) in hydrotalcite chewable tablets. • Smartphone-combined probe-immobilized test strips are proposed for pH detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A dual-emission fluorescent MOF has been synthesized based on the introduction of Eu3+ ions, into aluminum metal − organic frameworks. • The dual-emission Eu/Al-MOF is used to design the sensor for the quantitative detection of histidine and water by changing the independent fluorescence signals. • The Eu/Al-MOF has been successfully applied to the detection of histidine in urine samples. • The solid-state fluorescence of Eu/Al-MOF proves instrumental in visualizing and identifying fingerprints. Ratiometric fluorescent sensors possess inherent self-calibration features that enable the mitigation of interference from factors unrelated to the analysis. This characteristic results in heightened sensitivity and more pronounced visual detection during qualitative and quantitative analytical processes. A ratiometric fluorescence probe Eu/Al-MOF has been successfully prepared via Eu3+ doped aluminum metal − organic frameworks. Upon introducing histidine, the fluorescence intensity of Eu3+ showed a noteworthy increase, whereas the intensity originating from the ligand decreased owing to enhancing energy transfer from the ligand to Eu3+ ions in the probe. Eu/Al-MOF could detect histidine over a wider linear range of 0.1–400 μM and a lower detection limit of 0.04 μM. Besides, in the presence of water in organic solvents, the excited state of Eu3+ in the probe could be coupled with the O-H oscillation of water molecules, and the excited state energy from Eu3+ would be transferred to the water molecules so that only the fluorescence intensity of Eu3+ gradually decreased. Thus, the proportional detection of trace water could be realized. In ethanol and DMF, the detection range for water was 0.1–20 % and 0.5–20 %, respectively. Moreover, it was found that Eu/Al-MOF could efficiently achieve the visualization identification of fingerprints, providing the possibilities for applying the nano-sensor as a promising multifunctional fluorescence probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data classification is an important and challenging issue encountered in many practical applications. The classifier based on Evidential Reasoning Rule (ER Rule) can well handle the uncertainty in classification and obtain competitive accuracy. However, there are many parameters to be optimized, and the computation cost of the usually adopted optimization strategy is relatively high. This fact weakens the application advantage of ER Rule classifier. To address this challenge, an asynchronous optimization approach is proposed. In the original ER Rule classifier, feature referential values and evidence weights are optimized synchronously; while in the proposed method, these two types of parameters are optimized separately based on their essential impacts on the classification results. For the optimization of feature referential values, the objective function measures the quality of belief matrix, which is the critical strategy to improve the computational efficiency. Three types of feasible objective functions are constructed. After obtaining optimal referential values, evidence weights are optimized based on the actual classification effect, and the required iterations decrease. Various experiments on 14 publicly available datasets verify the computational efficiency and classification performance of the proposed method. • The low computational efficiency of ER Rule-based classifier is addressed by optimizing its parameters asynchronously. • The objective function of feature referential values optimization measures the quality of belief matrix. • The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by theoretical analysis and various experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical hydrogen storage can realize reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption at room temperature and pressure, which has attracted extensive attention recently. A nanosheet-like reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-porous carbon composite with N-doping defect is prepared via a facile annealing, followed by hydrothermal and freeze-drying process. After N-doping, the porous carbon materials exhibit rich pore structure, and high pyridine nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen content. Adding them into the graphene self-assembly process, the aggregation tendency of graphene sheets can be reduced, the composite shows a free-standing 3D porous structure. Benefit from the synthetic effect between the rGO conductive network, the hierarchical porous structure, and the doping of N atoms, the rGO-N800 delivers a high hydrogen storage capacity of 266.3 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the reversible capacities of the composite can reach 288.4, and 267.1 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 and 2000 mA g−1, respectively. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the composite demonstrates a promising direction for design carbon-based hydrogen storage materials. A nanosheet-like 3D free-standing reduced graphene oxide/porous-carbon composite with N- doping defect was prepared via a facile annealing, followed by hydrothermal and freeze-drying process for improving electrochemical hydrogen storage performance of porous carbon materials. [Display omitted] • The rGO/N-doping porous carbon electrode was prepared via an annealing, combined with hydrothermal and freeze-drying. • The as-prepared composites show nanosheet-like 3D structure, the N-doping porous carbon anchored on the surface of rGO. • Effects of different annealing conditions on doping N content and forms were investigated. • Benefit from the synthetic effect of rGO and N-doping defects, rGO-N800 shows an excellent hydrogen storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A three-dimensional LiCl/Li-Al hybrid protective layer is constructed on the lithium metal anode surface, which can effectively facilitate homogeneous Li+ flux distribution and induce even Li nucleation, leading to excellent dendrite inhibition ability and durable interface stability. • Li metal anode surface is modified by a simple salt solution pre-treatment strategy. • A 3D LiCl/Li-Al hybrid interface layers is in-situ constructed on Li metal surface. • The hybrid layer adjusts homogenous ions environment to induce stable Li deposition. • The quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries deliver excellent cycle stability. The quasi-solid-state metal battery stands out as a promising candidate for the advancement of scalable, safe, and high-performance battery technologies. However, a major challenge remains in the form of short circuits arising from dendrite penetration, a consequence of uneven lithium deposition at the solid electrolyte/lithium anode interface. To address this issue, an in-situ constructed three-dimensional LiCl/Li-Al hybrid protective layer was implemented to inhibit the growth of dendrites. The enhanced interfacial dynamics were meticulously elucidated through a synergistic analysis of simulation and experimental results, highlighting the facilitation of Li+ flux distribution and uniform mass transfers introduced by the lithiophilic Li-Al alloy component. As a result, the modified Li anode enables stable Li stripping/plating cycling at a high current density of 1.0 mA·cm−2 and over 500 h at 0.2 mA·cm−2 for 0.2 mAh·cm−2 in the quasi-solid-state symmetric batteries. Additionally, the full cell with a LiFePO 4 cathode maintains a high discharge capacity of 136.2 mAh/g after 400 cycles at 0.5C with a capacity retention of approximately 90 %. These findings demonstrate the application potential of Li anodes with a surface treatment for quasi-solid-state lithium metal battery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]