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The present study investigated the correlation between dietary patterns (DPs) with skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and cardiovascular risks in Sichuan males aged ≥65-years-old. Three major DPs were extracted by principal component analysis: animal-based and processed food, traditional food, and ovo-lacto vegetarian food, which accounted for 14.83%, 14.36%, and 11.86% of the variance, respectively. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that animal-based and processed food DP was positively associated with overweight/obesity(OR : 3.25, 95% CI : 1.94–5.46) and dyslipidemia(OR : 3.53, 95% CI : 2.00–6.22). Traditional DP was negatively associated with overweight/obesity(OR : 0.51, 95% CI : 0.36–0.72), dyslipidemia(OR : 0.50, 95% CI : 0.35–0.75), and high blood pressure(OR : 0.54, 95% CI : 0.38–0.77), but positively associated with decreased SMM (OR : 2.21, 95% CI : 1.36–3.16). Ovo-lacto vegetarian DP was negatively associated with dyslipidemia (OR : 0.56, 95% CI : 0.39–0.81) and hyperuricemia (OR : 0.56, 95% CI : 0.39–0.79), but positively associated with decreased SMM (OR : 1.57, 95% CI : 0.74–2.32). How to choose the best DP to control the cardiovascular risks and fight skeletal muscle loss needs further investigation in the future. • This is the first investigations of the correlation of dietary patterns with skeletal muscle mass and cardiovascular risks among elderly men. • The study population finished unified health check and verified questionnaire. • We used the dietary patterns-determined posteriori, which made the findings were similar to the real-world setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]