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In light of the advanced technological development in the world, this study aims to use alternative energy for generating electric energy at the lowest cost. Solar cells are devices that have special operating conditions. The most important of these conditions are the temperature of cells and the intensity of solar radiation. Sometimes the climate condition does not match the ideal conditions used for operating solar cells in many regions around the world. Although the Middle East and Iraq in particular, is considered one of the sunniest areas in the world, solar energy cannot be relied upon to generate electric energy effectively because of the problem of high temperature in solar cells in the summer as well as the problem of dust. In this paper, a simple and economical method was designed to overcome the main problems in the operation of solar cells represented by high temperature in solar cells as well as the problem of dust accumulated on the surface of solar cells which impedes the entry of sunlight into those cells. The method is conducted by immersing the solar cells in running water at a distance that should be close to the surface of the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-learning allows the students to access, repeat and use the scientific materials wherever and whenever the users want. Both academics and learners are the leading and essential actors in the process of the learning process. Moreover, the acceptance of a technology is the positive react for users by using such technology. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning has become mandatory over the world, thus, there is a necessity to investigate the determinants of e-learning adoption in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Iraq. Consequently, this paper aims to investigate elearning adoption and identify the determinants of e-learning in HEIs. An instrument was developed with eight dimensions based on technology organization and environmental (TOE) elements. The sample selection was of 580 students and 130 university lecturers who spread over several colleges. A clustering sampling method was used in the sampling selection process. Some hypotheses were proposed and tested via the paired T-test tool. To evaluate the relationship between the TOE variables and e-learning adoption, a regression analysis was carried out. The study findings classified into two categories, first, it helps to determine to what extent e-learning be adopted. Second, it provides meaningful guidance for higher education institutions that should follow as a pre-requested before adopting e-learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic banking (e-banking) is a form of banking in which funds are transferred through an exchange of electronic signals along to the traditional banking process as the exchange of cash, checks, or other types of paper documents. Moreover, the general tendencies of the Iraqi government in line with other countries to adopt e-banking and provide e-services to customers. However, the determinants of e-banking services need to investigate to determine the variables affecting the rate of such adoption. Thus, the main aim of this study is to identify the determinants of e-banking services in Iraq. Hence, this study gives an investigation using the technology acceptance model (TAM) by selecting a sample for many Iraqi banks' customers and staff to determine the determinants of user acceptance of e-banking. A preliminary study was conducted to empirically determine the user acceptance determinants of e-banking. For data collection, a quantitative method was used represented by the questionnaire. The selected sample for the investigation is 200 (customers and staff). Several methods have used for data analysis such as hierarchical regression, one-way ANOVA, descriptive statistics, t-test as well as structural equation modeling (SEM). The obtained outcomes show there are several determinants of e-banking services in Iraq that have determined in this study. Moreover, this study confirms the overcoming of those determinants will give a highly positive impact on e-banking services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism today is one of the most important economic and social sectors in the world, which plays a prominent role in the development of countries. This importance has grown as an industry through the social media networks. In this paper, a proposed method has been introduced distinguish the main factors that impact the Frequency of Travel (FoT) among Iraq local tourists. Application (API) graphics and scrapy are utilized to collect information from TripAdvisor social network in a period of (2015-2018). The collected information are reprocessed and coded for the specified nominal data using tied rank. It is important to note that the adopted technique does not lose any data about the attribute and brings different properties beforehand obscure. Data mining ordinal logistic regression is used to extract user's behavior upon local tourism in Iraq. The expected outcome of this work is to discover out the effect of personal information and the type of places on the selection of the local touristic places in Iraq. The collected information was exploited to know the preferred local touristic trends, because there are no statistics on the number of domestic tourists in Iraq. The proposed model was used for analyzing personal information and types of preferred tourism places as a factors affecting frequency of travel in Iraq. The obtained results show the prediction of preferred touristic places by tourists in Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reliable electrical energy supply is a prerequisite for improving the standard economic and quality of life levels in a country. As is the case in many countries, Iraq is home to a collection of remote villages. Since it is uneconomical to connect these villages to the existing grid, the installation of standalone electrical power generators has become common practice. As a result, diesel stand-alone power generators see widespread use in these remote locales, which, whilst fit for their intended purpose, unfortunately suffer from several drawbacks, including instability in regards to everyday oil prices and a number of environmental issues. The implementation of a PV/FC hybrid power system could be one potential alternative to help solve these problems. Therefore, this paper will present PV/FC system control strategies alongside information relating to the performance of such system components, based on a case study that was conducted in Al-Gowair, Iraq. This study is especially important in terms of envisioning the future energy supply needs of Iraq. The HOMER simulation results showed that by using the proposed control strategies and suggested components of a PV/FC system, it was able to produce a satisfactory outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]