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Abstract: This paper scrutinizes the concept of cleaner technology, drawing on both a review of the literature and case study analysis of new data. By analysing the intentions behind innovations as separate from outcomes, a complex relationship between intentions and outcomes, as well as between different motives, is revealed. The paper argues that cleaner technology is not in fact a type of technology, that the concept obscures the role of underlying environmental motives and ambitions and that cleaner technology innovations do not necessarily deliver the economic gains they are normally understood to do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little work has focused on whether or under which conditions foreign direct investment (FDI) can spill cleaner-production technologies. To explore the complicated effects of FDI's technical spillover on the green innovation effort of host countries, this paper develops a multi-stage decision-making model in which abatement treatments of firms are described. It is found that marketization level and innovation capacity of the host country are two key factors impacting FDI's green spillovers. The results show there are preconditions in terms of green spillovers, i.e., FDI can improve or has no impact on the environmental performance of local firms under different conditions. Moreover, there are double threshold effects: the degree of FDI's green spillover varies with the different levels of the two threshold variables of marketization and innovation capacity. An increase in innovation capacity always motivates cleaner-technology diffusion in host countries. In addition, a moderate tax system is conducive to the green spillovers of FDI. This paper provides a theoretical support for the pollution halo hypothesis that FDI can promote cleaner development of host countries. Finally, from a perspective of cleaner-production practice, the policy implications are discussed to make production cleaner and ensure environmental sustainability. Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The main focus of this paper is to bring out the cost effectiveness of cleaner production and the role played by cleaner production in minimizing the health hazards of pollutants in the workplace. Improvement in workplace health hazards due to implementation of cleaner production has been illustrated with the results of the study. This study was carried out in 16 Manufacturing units in two states of Maharashtra and Gujarat in India. The results clearly shows with the help of cost benefit analysis that cleaner technologies not only add to the bottom line of the company but also minimize exposure to toxic chemicals like Ammonia, phenol, carbon tetrachloride, toxic dust, etc. The main driving forces motivating the firms to go in for cleaner production are evaluated. It is found that in most of the units safety and health factors were ranked as one among the first four driving forces behind implementation of cleaner technologies. The paper ends with recommendations for the promotion of cleaner technologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper we consider a vertically differentiated duopoly model in which a green producer competes with a brown rival in a market in which consumers are environmentally concerned. In particular, consumers are assumed to value not only the intrinsic quality of a certain product, but also its environmental impact. This environmental valuation has a positional content: consumers attach a positive attribute to the green product, while penalizing the brown one. In this context, we consider the choice of the green firm between cleaner and end-of-pipe abatement efforts. We find that the interplay between the intensity of market competition, consumers' income disparity and environmental concern can play a crucial role in directing the green producer towards one or the other technological choice. More precisely, the adoption of cleaner production technologies can be discouraged by low average income and by tough competition, while it can be spurred by the moral/social incentive towards pro-environmental behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper evaluates the contribution of 75 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects for technology transfer initiatives and for promotion of adoption of cleaner technologies. A documentary content analysis model was developed to acquire secondary data from the 75 Project Design Documents. Technology transfer as a benefit has only 28% share and not more than 21% of the projects led to implementation of cleaner technologies. In conclusion, CDM projects in Brazil have not encouraged a cleaner model of development through cooperation among industrialized and developing countries, as they were expected to do. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper introduces a new methodology for measuring and modeling manufacturers’ environmental performance and the managerial and technological practices that affect it. Facility level licensing data are used to develop indicators based on sector-specific criteria but capable of being analyzed across sectors, at various levels of aggregation. This addresses the problem that environmental performance and determinants tend to be highly context-specific, while modeling and policy interests are often more general. Using Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) information generated EU-wide, this approach should be capable of cross-country extension. The methodology is tested on a sample of Irish facilities in three sectors during 1996–2004. Preliminary results show its usefulness in exploring the determinants of environmental performance at the sector and cross sector levels. Word count = 10,049. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Tourists are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their selection of tourism destination. A major factor that has been gaining importance in their choice set is the environmental quality of their preferred destination. Tourism planners need to recognize that the sustainability of their destination and its various offerings necessitates the consideration of environmental protection and conservation-related issues. This paper undertakes the case study methodology to explore the link between implementing cleaner technologies, a major environmental issue, and sustainable tourism.The analysis of the case studies indicates that cleaner technologies are playing a role in enhancing the sustainability of the Caribbean tourism industry. It was also found that there is a Caribbean tourism cluster focused on developing an environmentally sound tourism product. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]