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Disaster management is one of the most important actions to protect the property and lives of the victims. Failure to pay attention to logistical decisions of disaster can have irreversible consequences. Therefore, a multiechelon mathematical model for blood supply chain management in disaster situations is proposed in this research. The proposed supply chain includes supplier, central warehouse, reliable distributor, unreliable distributor, distributor, and affected areas. How the proposed model performs is explained as follows: blood is sent from the supplier to warehouses and distribution centers. Also, the capacity of suppliers is limited. The main objective of the mathematical model is to minimize supply chain costs while maximizing the level of satisfaction in order to meet the demand of the affected area. Hence, this research seeks to decide whether or not to establish a reliable distributor, unreliable distributor, and central warehouse. The amount of blood sent to the centers will also be calculated. One of the contributions of the proposed model is to consider the pre- and postdisaster modes simultaneously. Locating and investigating the flow between centers are also the other contributions of this study. Solving the proposed model using a robust optimization approach is another innovation taken into account in this research. The proposed model is solved using robust optimization, and finally, the results indicate the proper performance of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, due to the importance of emergency centers and patient transport vehicles in epidemic conditions, the performance of emergency centers has been evaluated based on health protocols. The criteria were first divided into preventive and operational sections by collecting opinions, health experts, standard criteria, and the Delphi method. Preventive criteria for evaluating emergency centers and operating criteria for assessing vehicles in these centers are considered. The weighting of the determined criteria was done by the triangular fuzzy aggregation method. According to the standard criteria, the emergency centers have been evaluated for a 30-day period. The results have been assessed as a qualitative and quantitative matrix using the PROMETHEE method. The results showed better performance of Center A (63%) due to proper performance and better compliance with protocols in both criteria (preventive and operational). The reason for the superiority of this center over Center B can be considered the better performance of this center in terms of prevention indicators and better performance of the center's vehicles (Ambulance A-1 and Ambulance A-2) in the performance index by observing the standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iran, location is usually done by temporary relief organizations without considering the necessary standards or conditions. The inappropriate and unscientific location may have led to another catastrophe, even far greater than the initial tragedy. In this study, the proposed locations of crisis management in the region and the optimal points proposed by the Geographic Information System (GIS), taking into account the opinions of experts and without the opinion of experts, were evaluated according to 18 criteria. First, the optimal areas have been evaluated according to standard criteria extracted by GIS and the intended locations of the region for accommodation in times of crisis. Then, the position of each place is calculated concerning each criterion. The resulting matrix of optimal options was qualitatively entered into the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Evaluation (PROMETHEE) for analysis. The triangular fuzzy aggregation method for weighting and standard classification of criteria for extracting optimal areas using GIS and integrating entropy and the Multiobjective Optimization Based on Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method for prioritizing places in the region are considered in this research. Finally, by applying constraints and using net input and output flows, optimal and efficient options are identified by PROMETHEE V. Among the research options, only four options were optimal and efficient. A case study of the Tehran metropolis is provided to show the ability of the proposed approach for selecting the points in three modes, with/without applying weights and applying crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]