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Cyclic injection hydraulic fracturing is a promising way for the geothermal energy exploitation by reactivating the fractures in geothermal reservoir. However, fracture initiation and growth induced by cyclic injection schemes have been inadequately studied for hot dry rock (HDR), and the cyclic injection fracturing optimized often by experience. For this reason, the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures in the HDR under different cyclic injection methods were determined by experiment research for hydraulic fracturing. The results show that the cyclic frequency and injection rate play different roles in the stimulation of HDR. The cyclic injection with low frequency-low pressure can create more branched fractures, forming a short but complex hydraulic fracture network. However, when high flow-high frequency injection method is subjected, the branch fractures formed are significantly reduced, but each branch fracture can be fully expanded. To fully exploit the advantages of different injection methods, a numerical model that contains a fracture network was established with PFC software, and an alternating cyclic injection scheme with synergistic control of the cyclic frequency and injection rate was proposed. The comparison results indicated that the alternating cyclic injection method can effectively improve the fracturing effect in the HDR. The stimulation area of the alternating cyclic injection method is about 2.3 times and 2.7 times that of the low flow-low frequency and high flow-high frequency injection methods, respectively. The method presented here can be adopted to optimize the fracture growth regime and provide a scientific basis for EGS hydraulic fracturing design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive carbohydrate intake leads to metabolic disorders in fish. However, few literatures have reported the appropriate carbohydrate level for zebrafish, and the metabolic response to dietary carbohydrate remains largely unknown in zebrafish. This study assessed the responses of zebrafish and zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL) to different carbohydrate levels. In vivo results showed that ≥30% dietary dextrin levels significantly increased the plasma glucose content, activated the expression of hepatic glycolysis-related genes, and inhibited the expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis-related genes in zebrafish. Oil red O staining, triglyceride content, and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining results showed that dietary dextrin levels of ≥30% significantly increased lipid accumulation and liver damage, as well as processes related to glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in zebrafish. In ZFL, the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c signal intensity, 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY 493/503) signal intensity, and triglyceride content were also significantly increased when incubated in high glucose, along with abnormal glycolipid metabolism and increased inflammation-related genes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the maximum dietary carbohydrate level in adult zebrafish should be less than 30%. Excess dietary carbohydrates (30%–50%) caused hepatic steatosis and damage to zebrafish, similar to that seen in aquaculture species. Thus, this study assessed responses to different carbohydrate levels in zebrafish and illustrated that zebrafish is an optimal model for investigating glucose metabolism in some aquatic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the sequential regulation signals of high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced hepatic lipid deposition in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, containing 25% (normal carbohydrate diet, NCD) and 45% (HCD) corn starch, were formulated to feed gibel carp (14.82 ± 0.04 g) for 8 weeks. The experimental fish were sampled at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week. In HCD group, the hyperlipidemia and significant hepatic lipid deposition (oil red O area and triglyceride content) was found at 4th, 6th, and 8th week, while the significant hyperglycemia was found at 2nd, 4th, and 8th week, compared to NCD group (P < 0.05). HCD induced hepatic lipid deposition via increased hepatic lipogenesis (acc, fasn, and acly) but not decreased hepatic lipolysis (hsl and cpt1a). When compared with NCD group, HCD significantly elevated the hepatic sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) signals (positive hepatocytes and fluorescence intensity) at 4th, 6th, and 8th week (P < 0.05). The hepatic SREBP1 signals increased from 2nd to 6th week, but decreased at 8th week due to substantiated insulin resistance (plasma insulin levels, plasma glucose levels, and P-AKTSer473 levels) in HCD group. Importantly, the hepatic carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) signals (positive hepatocytes, fluorescence intensity, and expression levels) were all significantly elevated by HCD-induced glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) accumulation at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week (P < 0.05). Compared to 2nd and 4th week, the hepatic ChREBP signals and G6P contents was significantly increased by HCD at 6th and 8th week (P < 0.05). The HCD-induced G6P accumulation was caused by the significantly increased expression of hepatic gck, pklr, and glut2 (P < 0.05) but not 6pfk at 4th, 6th, and 8th week, compared to NCD group. These results suggested that the HCD-induced hepatic lipid deposition was mainly promoted by SREBP1 in earlier stage and by ChREBP in later stage for gibel carp. This study revealed the sequential regulation pathways of the conversion from feed carbohydrate to body lipid in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) plays a key role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women all over the world. However, the relationship between IGF2BP3 and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has not been reported yet. Methods. SCLC and normal samples (GSE19945 and GSE149507) were obtained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Differential genes were screened by R software, and functional analysis and signal pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. In addition, we used the survival analysis database to analyze the relationship between prognosis and gene expression. Besides, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used for further research. Results. Five differentially expressed miRNAs and 9 differentially expressed mRNAs were selected by using R software. Survival analysis database results show that C7, CLIC5, PRDX1, IGF2BP3, and LDB2 were related the overall survival of patients with SCLC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis included that IGF2BP3 was independent risk factors for SCLC patients. Besides, gene function and signal pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in the process of tumorigenesis and development. Furthermore, IHC and qPCR outcomes showed that the expression level of hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-183, and IGF2BP3 was differentially expressed in normal lung tissues (NLTs) and SCLC tissues (SCLCTs). Conclusions. Our results concluded that hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-183, and IGF2BP3 may take part in the development of SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the main causes of death, remains a leading cause of mortality in gastrointestinal cancer and tends to affect the younger generation. However, the pathological process of colorectal cancer is unclear. Exploring potential pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of CRC is significant as its high prevalence and high mortality. Nowadays, the rapid development of bioinformatics provides us an opportunity to explore potential molecular markers of CRC. Materials and Methods. First, three CRC gene chips with paracancerous controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Second, after combining and batch correcting the three chips using the R language and Perl language, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected to investigate how they affect the CRC occurrence and development by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Third, based on the STRING website and the Cytoscape software, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the core genes were screened out. Finally, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), the expression and function of the core gene CXCL8 in CRC were explored. Results. GSE10950, GSE44076, and GSE75970, including 126 intestinal cancer samples and 126 paracancer samples, were screened as the datasets. 192 DEGs were screened, including 43 upregulated genes and 149 downregulated genes. Through the DEGs screened out, GO enrichment analysis, KEGG enrichment analysis, and the construction of PPI interaction network were carried out. Finally, according to the nodes and edges in the PPI network, the DEGs were sorted and the core genes were selected. Through basic experiments, the first ranked CXCL8 was further studied, and the results suggest that the expression of CXCL8 is related to the proliferation, migration, invasion, and even distant metastasis of CRC. Conclusion. The present study showed that DEGs of CRC are associated with multiple tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways. The core gene CXCL8 has the potential to be a new therapeutic target for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is the most common malignant primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. This study is aimed at developing new prognostic markers and building a microRNA-mRNA network in the development of ES. Method. GSE80201 and GSE39262 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Bioinformatics analysis was used to download and process data. The coexpression of differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) was selected by using R software. The FunRich database was utilized to perform cellular component (CC), molecular function (MF), and biological process (BP) enrichment analysis. Cytoscape and ClueGO were used to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and construct the mRNA-microRNA network. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to perform prognosis analysis between the expression level of genes we selected and overall survival (OS) of patients with ES. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were carried out to research the prognostic value of identified mRNA expression in ES according to TCGA database. Results. By using bioinformatics analysis, 10 DEMs and 5 target mRNAs were identified. Based on the KmPlot software, COL1A2, COL3A1, and TGFBI were significantly related to the OS of patients with ES. High COL3A1 mRNA expression was correlated with distant metastasis, margin status, and poor overall survival of ES. Besides, multivariate analysis indicated that COL3A1 was an independent risk factor for ES patients. Conclusions. In conclusion, our results suggest that COL3A1 and its related molecules may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian cancer is a kind of cancer from the female genital tract; the molecular mechanism still needs to be explored. lncRNA plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and development. Our aim was to identify oncogenic lncRNAs in ovarian cancer and explore the potential molecular mechanism. SNHG15 was initially identified by using GEO datasets (GSE135886 and GSE119054) and validated by tumor tissues and the cell line, identifying that SNHG15 was upregulated in ovarian cancer. Besides, high SNHG15 indicated poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, knockdown SNHG15 suppresses ovarian cancer proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Mechanistically, SNHG15 promotes proliferation through upregulated CDK6 via sponging miR-370-3p. Taken together, our findings emphasize the important role of SNHG15 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that SNHG15 may be a promising target for ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor composed of mesenchymal cells producing osteoid and immature bone. This study is aimed at developing novel potential prognostic biomarkers and constructing a miRNA-mRNA network for progression in osteosarcoma. Method. GSE70367 and GSE70414 were obtained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO software and the GEO2R calculation method were used to analyze two gene profiles. The coexpression of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) was identified and searched for in the FunRich database for pathway and ontology analysis. Cytoscape was utilized to construct the mRNA-miRNA network. Survival analysis of identified miRNAs and mRNAs was performed by utilizing the Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Besides, expression levels of DEMs and target mRNAs were verified by performing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB). Results. Six differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) were identified, and 8 target genes were selected after screening. By using the KM Plotter software, miRNA-124 and ARHGEF3 were obviously associated with the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma. Furthermore, ARHGEF3 was found downregulated in osteosarcoma cells by performing qRT-PCR and WB experiments. Results also showed that downregulated ARHGEF3 may associate with invasion, metastasis, and proliferation. Conclusions. By using microarray and bioinformatics analysis, DEMs were selected, and a complete miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. ARHGEF3 may act as a therapeutic and prognostic target of osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of microwave pretreatment on grindability of lead-zinc ore was studied through comparison analysis on the changes of particle size distribution, percentage of below 0.074 mm, energy consumption, and other indexes of grinding products before and after microwave pretreatment in the ball milling process. The results showed that the grindability of lead-zinc ore was improved obviously by microwave pretreatment. The particle size distribution curve of the grinding products was obviously higher than that of the samples without microwave irradiation. The yield of size fraction below 0.074 mm was also improved in a certain degree. Pulsed microwave irradiation was more effective than continuous microwave irradiation when other microwave parameters were consistent. The comprehensive energy consumption of lead-zinc ore pretreated by different microwave parameters was lower than that without microwave irradiation under the same grinding fineness. The total energy consumption was down by 30.1% when irradiated for 15 s at 7 kW power, and it was lower than that without microwave irradiated. The results showed that pulsed microwave pretreatment was more effective in reducing the comprehensive energy consumption of grinding process for lead-zinc ore. And water quenching after microwave irradiation can improve the grindability and reduce the energy consumption of grinding for lead-zinc ore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the many diseases, the harm of infectious diseases is undoubtedly the first in terms of the scope of the disease and the threat to humans. In addition, most infectious diseases were regarded as terminal illnesses in the early stage of the outbreak. For example, smallpox and plague in history have even chosen to isolate patients and abandon them to prevent the spread of infectious diseases due to the lack of protection and treatment methods. Therefore, in the treatment of infectious diseases, epidemic prevention is very important. Based on this, this article discusses the research of special medical clothing design for epidemic prevention based on mathematical model analysis, hoping to provide strong help and support for epidemic prevention. First of all, this article understands the application status of mathematical models in the medical field and clothing design industry through literature research. Then, according to the functional requirements of antiepidemic medical special clothing in terms of protection from virus invasion and infection by other contact methods, this article established an antiepidemic clothing quality evaluation index system. Then, this article designs a simulation penetration test of pathogenic bacteria to test the protective function of the antiepidemic clothing and uses mathematical models to analyze the molecular structure and physical properties of the antiepidemic clothing materials. Finally, this article builds an analytic hierarchy model for the quality evaluation of epidemic prevention clothing based on the principle of analytic hierarchy process, analyzes the simulated experimental data and predicts the service life of the epidemic prevention clothing according to the performance degradation so that medical staff can replace it in time. The experimental results show that with the aid of mathematical model analysis, the quality of the epidemic prevention clothing is higher than the previous antiepidemic clothing design in terms of epidemic prevention performance, and in addition to the disposable epidemic prevention clothing, the multiple-use epidemic prevention clothing is not serious in the epidemic. Under these circumstances, it can maintain the antiepidemic performance for more than 2 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of computational simulation technology, the need for stable and immersive display effects of space scene animation in the field of life experience and visual art has gradually increased. In this case, the requirements for immersive characteristics of space scene animation have also been strengthened. The existing 3D space scene animation has a limited degree of stereoscopic display model and data visualization. However, the current space scene interactive animation adopts a plane layout as a whole, and the size of the view interface is generally fixed, including the size of virtual elements. However, the immersion in this paper interactive animation of spatial scene can effectively solve the problems of incomplete display of 3D effects and unstable view simulation in 3D effects. This paper takes immersive space scene animation as the research object and studies the 3D and characteristics of space scene animation based on computer parallel computing in different immersive space scenes and different virtual space technologies, as well as the animation effects of different scene transformations and art forms. The result of research shows that, with the continuous increase of the degree of virtuality within a certain range, the immersive effect of spatial scene interactive animation gradually becomes better. When the color of the space scene animation is below 15, the virtual immersive effect changes less. When the space scene is in the range of 15–20, the space scene will make people feel the atmosphere of a beautiful and mysterious illusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UHF RFID tags need to be attached or embedded into various objects. Unlike traditional free-standing antennas, UHF antenna shapes and form factors may vary significantly. There have been no systematic methods that facilitate the design practice of antenna with unconventional shapes. In this paper, using the geometries of 26 English letters (in capital) as examples, we explore the general methodology of shape-specific antenna design. More specifically, we show that 26 letter geometries can be categorized into 9 groups, and the antennas in each group can be divided and conquered into standard baseline geometries. Through prototypes and measurements, we demonstrate that each letter-shaped antenna, although exhibiting different gains and radiations, can achieve satisfactory performance, as compared to standard UHF dipole antennas. Specifically, letters "M" and "J" achieve the longest reading range of more than 20 meters with a good radiation pattern, which is comparable or even better than many commercial UHF RFID tags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of intangible cultural heritage cultural elements and traditional crafts in modern design, especially in modern fashion design, is not to flatter the public but to integrate the artistic language of intangible cultural heritage into modern fashion on the basis of deeply understanding the connotation of intangible cultural heritage and mastering its traditional crafts, so as to meet people's demand for fashion and aesthetics. It can also promote the inheritance and development of traditional intangible cultural heritage culture and technology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the intangible cultural heritage elements in the innovative design of fashion design by using interactive evolutionary computation. According to the composition characteristics of cultural elements, this research uses interactive evolutionary calculation to analyze the current status of intangible cultural heritage elements in clothing design. Then, 30 fashion designers are selected to evaluate the design situation and judge the effect of the method on the design. The results show that the neural network has evaluated 36 generations, that is, 256 times of moderate value. Compared with the general IGA algorithm, adding neural network IGA can reduce the fatigue caused by user reference score and improve the quality of the optimal solution, and the cultural image attributes whose perception frequency is more than 50% are favored. It is concluded that the research method in the intangible cultural heritage elements in fashion design can improve user satisfaction and the effect is good. This research contributes to the application of intelligent algorithm in the field of fashion design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70) plays a key role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, the relationship between the Hsp70 expression level and the colorectal cancer patient survival is unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between Hsp70 and the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma patients. Methods. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were used for systematic computer literature retrieval. Stata SE14.0 software was used for quantitative meta-analysis. Besides, data was extracted from selected articles. Relationships between Hsp70 expression level and prognosis were further studied. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were also computed. Results. A total of 11 potentially eligible studies with 2269 patients were identified in 10 tumors from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Hsp70 overexpression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in colorectal carcinoma patients (HRs, 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52-0.78) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.23-1.32), respectively). Conclusions. Hsp70 overexpression can predict poor survival in colorectal cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dabrafenib resistance is a significant problem in melanoma, and its underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to research the molecular mechanism of drug resistance of dabrafenib and to explore the key genes and pathways that mediate drug resistance in melanoma. GSE117666 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and 492 melanoma statistics were also downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Besides, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified by taking advantage of the R software and GEO2R. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and FunRich was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to identify potential pathways and functional annotations linked with melanoma chemoresistance. 9 DEMs and 872 mRNAs were selected after filtering. Then, target genes were uploaded to Metascape to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Also, 6 hub mRNAs were screened after performing the PPI network. Furthermore, a total of 4 out of 9 miRNAs had an obvious association with the survival rate (P < 0.05) and showed a good power of risk prediction model of over survival. The present research may provide a deeper understanding of regulatory genes of dabrafenib resistance in melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to solve the performance output regulation problem for a wave-heat cascade system with unmatched disturbance. Applying the series expansion, the auxiliary trajectory for the cascade system is constructed and the unmatched disturbance is rejected. Meanwhile, the controller and observer only based on error signal are designed, and the performance output regulation problem is solved. Under the control feedback, the performance output can track the reference signal, and the regulation error goes to zero asymptotically. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented for illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the reconstruction performance of the generalized orthogonal matching pursuit, an improved method is proposed. Columns are selected from the sensing matrix by generalized orthogonal matching pursuit, and indices of the columns are added to the estimated support set to reconstruct a sparse signal. Those columns contain error columns that can reduce the reconstruction performance. Therefore, the proposed algorithm adds a backtracking process to remove the low-reliability columns from the selected column set. For any k-sparse signal, the proposed method firstly computes the correlation between the columns of the sensing matrix and the residual vector and then selects s columns that correspond to the s largest correlation in magnitude and adds their indices to the estimated support set in each iteration. Secondly, the proposed algorithm projects the measurements onto the space that consists of those selected columns and calculates the projection coefficient vector. When the size of the support set is larger than k, the proposed method will select k high-reliability indices using a search strategy from the support set. Finally, the proposed method updates the estimated support set using the selected k high-reliability indices. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a better recovery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]