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Summary In this paper, a communication‐based selective protective scheme using the combined adaptive cumulative sum algorithm (CACUSUM) is proposed, which can be used in wide‐area protection of multi‐terminal high voltage direct current (MT‐HVDC) transmission lines. The proposed algorithm works in the time domain and uses the variation pattern of the magnitude of line currents and bus voltages for fault detection. Simulation is done in MATLAB program using a test four terminals meshed HVDC transmission system. As a robust fault detector, the proposed approach detects fault occurrence as well as determining faulty zone, either faults on the DC line or AC part of the HVDC system; the whole in less than 2 ms. Simulation results confirm the robustness of CACUSUM performance against different fault resistances and different fault locations as well as the presence of noise in the signals. Appropriate speed, adaptivity, independence from system parameters, low sampling rate, low computational burden, simplicity, no need for any complicated hardware, and ability to detect cross faults are the significant benefits of this method in comparison with other ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]