1. Pyruvate utilization by a chemolithoautotrophic epsilonproteobacterial key player of pelagic Baltic Sea redoxclines.
- Author
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Glaubitz, Sabine, Abraham, Wolf-Rainer, Jost, Günter, Labrenz, Matthias, and Jürgens, Klaus
- Subjects
PYRUVATES ,PROTEOBACTERIA ,AMINO acids ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,BIOMOLECULES - Abstract
Pelagic redoxclines of the central Baltic Sea are dominated by the epsilonproteobacterial group Sulfurimonas GD17, considered to be the major driver of chemolithoautotrophic denitrification in this habitat. Autecological investigations of a recently isolated representative of this environmental group, Sulfurimonas gotlandica str. GD1
T , demonstrated that the bacterium grows best under sulfur-oxidizing, denitrifying conditions. However, in the presence of bicarbonate, this strain is able to use pyruvate as both an additional carbon source and an alternative electron donor. These observations suggested that the environmental group GD17 actively metabolizes organic substrates in situ. To examine this possibility, we used RNA-based stable isotope probing ( RNA- SIP) on a natural redoxcline community provided with13 C-labeled pyruvate. While in this experiment, we were able to identify putative heterotrophic microorganisms, the uptake of13 C-pyruvate in GD17 nucleic acids could not be established. To resolve these contradictory findings, combined incorporation experiments with14 C- and13 C-labeled pyruvate were carried out in cells of strain GD1T cultivated under chemolithoautotrophic conditions, which favor pyruvate uptake rather than oxidation. An analysis of the labeled biomolecules revealed that pyruvate was mostly incorporated in cellular components such as amino acids, whose synthesis requires only minimal transformation. Carbon transfer into nucleic acids was not observed, explaining the inability of RNA- SIP to detect pyruvate incorporation by strain GD1T and the environmental group GD17. Together, these findings suggest that by integrating organic compounds such as pyruvate into cellular components S. gotlandica GD1T is able to replenish chemolithoautotrophic growth and thus ensure its survival in nutrient-limited habitats such as marine pelagic redoxclines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
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