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Telomere maintenance is essential for cancer growth. Induction of telomere dysfunction, for example, by inhibition of telomeric proteins or telomerase, has been shown to strongly enhance cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapies. However, it is not clear whether modulations of telomere maintenance constitute cancer cellular responses to chemotherapies. Furthermore, the manner in which anti-cancer drugs affect telomere function remains unknown. In this study, we show that anthracyclines, a class of anti-cancer drugs widely used in clinical cancer treatments, have an active role in triggering telomere dysfunction specifically in telomerase-positive cancer cells. Anthracyclines interrupt telomere maintenance by telomerase through the downregulation of PinX1, a protein factor responsible for targeting telomerase onto telomeres, thereby inhibiting telomerase association with telomeres. We further demonstrate that anthracyclines downregulate PinX1 by inducing this protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway. Our data not only reveal a novel action for anthracyclines as telomerase functional inhibitors but also provide a clue for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs based on telomerase/telomere targeting, which is actively investigated by many current studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the doping of zinc ions into bismuth titanate crystals by the chemical solution decomposition method, and photocatalytic properties of as-prepared samples were evaluated using methyl orange as a model organic compound. Starting materials used with glacial acetic acid as a solvent; Examination of the photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples using photo-decolorization of aqueous methyl orange.

Reports on the doping of zinc ions into bismuth titanate crystals by the chemical solution decomposition method, and photocatalytic properties of as-prepared samples were evaluated using methyl orange as a model organic compound. Starting materials used with glacial acetic acid as a solvent; Examination of the photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples using photo-decolorization of aqueous methyl orange.