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Machiavellianism is one of the most studied dark traits, frequently predicting antisocial and immoral behaviors (e.g., cheating, white collar crimes). The MACH-IV is the most popular questionnaire to assess the construct. However, this measure presents some limitations that led researchers to propose two refined versions: The Two-Dimensional MACH-IV (TDM) and the Trimmed MACH. In the present research, we aimed to adapt the MACH-IV and its refined versions in the Brazilian context, making direct comparisons about their psychometric properties. Specifically, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, we verified that the models with better fit were the two-factor structure of TDM and the one factor structure of Trimmed MACH. However, both presented low reliabilities. Further, we verified that the MACH-IV and its short versions present significant associations with Machiavellianism subscales of the Dirty Dozen and the Short Dark Triad, besides a consistent pattern of correlations with low agreeableness, low endorsement of social values, and high endorsement of personal values. Our findings provide evidence of validity for the MACH-IV and its refined versions in the Brazilian context, allowing transcultural studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration of future consequences (CFC) assesses the extent to which individuals evaluate future outcomes of their current behaviour. This personality trait has been traditionally used as a unidimensional construct, but recent research has highlighted the theoretical and empirical relevance in differentiating between consideration of immediate and future consequences. The present research shows psychometric evidence for the CFC scale in Brazil, and proposes an ultra-short version of the measure. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and short-term test-retest reliability in Study 1 supported the two-factor structure of the CFC scale. In Study 2, we used item response theory to evaluate the discrimination and difficulty levels of the CFC scale and to test an ultra-short form with samples from Brazil and New Zealand. Correlations with personality, values, and attitudes and intentions to exercise and to eat healthy show that the ultra-short form (6 items) works similarly to the full form of the CFC scale (14 items). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aimed to adapt the Status-Driven Risk Taking short-form scale (SDRT-8) to the Brazilian context, gathering evidence of psychometric parameters. Additionally, the existence values' subfunction was tested as a mediator of the relations between SDRT and slow life history (slow LH) strategies. Two studies (N = 675; Mage = 27.1, 58% females) were performed with three samples. In Study 1, the one-factor solution of the SDRT-8 was confirmed, presenting acceptable reliability coefficients. In addition, the SDRT-8 achieved a full measurement invariance across participants' gender. Moreover, criterion-related validity was observed in correlations with the Big Six personality traits. In Study 2, the SDRT-8 was negatively correlated with slow LH strategies and existence values. Also, existence values fully mediated the relation between SDRT and LH strategies. In conclusion, the findings support the use of the SDRT-8 scale in Brazil, showing evidence of its validity, reliability, and offering a contribution in linking SDRT with evolutionary (LH strategies) and social (human values) constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) to Brazil, gathering evidence of its validity (factorial and criterion) and reliability. Two studies were carried out. Participants in Study 1 were 471 undergraduate students (Mage = 22.8; 59.2% females), who answered the GQ-6 and demographic questions. To conduct exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factorial analyses, respectively, this sample was split in two (n1 = 226; n2 = 245). The EFA (Hull method) indicated a one-dimensional solution (α = 0.87), which was corroborated by CFA (e.g., CFI = 0.99; α = 0.72). Participants in Study 2 were 515 undergraduate students (Mage = 23.1; 56.6% females), who answered the previous instruments, the 12-item Purpose of Life Test, and the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale. Results corroborated the one-factor structure (e.g., CFI = 0.97; α = 0.71), showing evidence of criterion validity (p <.001) of the GQ-6 with meaning of life [existential lack (r = −.50) and personal achievement (r =.52)] and attitudes towards life [attraction to life (r =.44) and repulsion by life (r = −.49)]. In conclusion, the GQ-6 showed evidence of validity (factorial and criterion) and reliability, justifying its use in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, greater acknowledgement has been given to climate change as a cultural phenomenon. This paper takes a cultural lens to the topic of climate change, in which climate-relevant understandings are grounded in wider cultural, political and material contexts. We approach climate-relevant accounts at the level of the everyday, understood as a theoretically problematic and politically contested space This is in contrast to simply being the backdrop to mundane, repetitive actions contributing to environmental degradation and the site of mitigative actions. Taking discourse as a form of practice in which fragments of cultural knowledge are drawn on to construct our environmental problems, we investigate citizens' accounts of climate-relevant issues in three culturally diverse emerging economies: Brazil, South Africa and China. These settings are important because greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are predicted to significantly increase in these countries in the future. We conducted semi-structured interviews with a range of citizens in each country using a narrative approach to contextualise climate-relevant issues as part of people's lifestyle narratives. Participants overwhelmingly framed their accounts in the context of locally-salient issues, and few accounts explicitly referred to the phenomenon of climate change. Instead, elements of climate changes were conflated with other environmental issues and related to a wide range of cultural assumptions that influenced understandings and implied particular ways of responding to environmental problems. We conclude that climate change scholars should address locally relevant understandings and develop dialogues that can wider meanings that construct climate-relevant issues in vernacular ways at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at knowing the psychometric parameters of the Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors Questionnaire (ADQ). Specifically, it tried to join evidences of its factor validity and reliability in the milieu of Paraíba- Brazil, as well as to know the adequacy of a briefed version of this measure. Two studies were accomplished. In Study 1, the participants were 480 students from high school, with a mean age of 16.2 years old (SD = 1.60), most of them were women (55.1%). In Study 2, 1,463 students of elementary school, high school, and university; with ages ranging from 10 to 36 years old (m = 16; SD = 4.41) participated in research, 59.9% were female. They answered the Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors Questionnaire and to demographic questions. Results supported the psychometric adequacy of this measure, which showed the theorized bi-factor structure. Moreover, the purpose of the ADQ briefed version revealed itself adequate, jointing evidences of factor validity and reliability similar to those of the original version. These findings were discussed based on literature and future researches are suggested as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to validate the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), presenting evidence of its reliability and construct and criterion-related validity. A large Brazilian sample (2,180 participants), from five different populations (undergraduate and high school students, general population, elementary school teachers, and physicians), was considered. The results confirmed the single factorial structure and reliability (0.77 < Cronbach’s α < 0.88, mean α = 0.81) of the SWLS. Supporting its criterion-related validity, the SWLS correlated positively with positive affect and negatively with both negative affect and psychological distress across all five samples. The findings indicate that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the SWLS is a valid instrument to use with diverse Brazilian samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]