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The article focuses on Paper trash from Los Angeles (LA) City Hall and two LA office buildings that may soon be on its way to China. The paper is being analyzed for its export value, and, sometime this summer, China Paper Partners of San Francisco, an affiliate of the Conservatree Paper Co., plans to begin shipping the paper trash to the People's Republic of China, where it will be sorted and recycled. Instead of going into already overburdened landfills on this side of the Pacific, as much as 1,000 tons of paper trash per day may make the voyage to China, where paper material is in great demand.

In 1887 William Randolph Hearst took over the San Francisco Examiner and made it a New Journalism paper, imitating the techniques of earlier New Journalism publishers in major British and US cities. Because of the competition they faced from Hearst, the other publishers of daily newspapers in San Francisco-Michael de Young and Claus Spreckles-implemented New Journalism techniques in their papers. By the end of the century, San Francisco had become the first US city of its size in which all of the daily newspapers practiced New Journalism. At that time, eight other US cities had populations similar in size to that of San Francisco, and in all of them there were at least two differing journalistic styles practiced by the daily newspapers. However, through the early decades of the twentieth century, four of those cities joined San Francisco in having all of their daily newspapers practice New Journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the importance of occasion as a source of error variance in (a) estimates of the dependability (generalizability) of science assessment scores and (b) the interchangeability of science test formats. Two science tests were developed to measure 8th-grade students' knowledge of concepts related to electricity and electric circuits: A hands-on assessment that provided students with equipment to manipulate and an analogous pencil-and-paper version. Students were administered both tests on 2 occasions, approximately 1 month apart. Results of the univariate generalizability results showed that explicitly recognizing occasion as a facet of error variance altered the interpretation about the substantial sources of error in the measurement and gave lower estimates of the dependability of science scores. Including occasion as an explicit source of variance in the multivariate generalizability analyses influenced the interpretation of the observed correlation between hands-on and pencil-and-paper scores but had little influence on the estimated disattenuated correlation between assessment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on proposed legislation in California that aims to manage hazardous electronic waste. Details of the bill that would impose a fee on sales of new computers and televisions to help finance their future collection and recycling; Indication that the law will initiate warning labels and establish a public education campaign; Information about the amount of lead in television and computers; Mention of electronics recycling laws in countries such as Japan; Efforts of manufacturers to reduce the toxic material and pollution.

The prospect for electric vehicles as a climate change solution hinges on their ability to reduce gasoline consumption. But this depends on how many miles electric vehicles are driven and on how many miles would have otherwise been driven in gasoline-powered vehicles. Using newly-available U.S. nationally representative data, this paper finds that electric vehicles are driven considerably fewer miles per year on average than gasoline-powered vehicles. The difference is highly statistically significant and holds for both all-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, for both single- and multiple-vehicle households, and both inside and outside California. The paper discusses potential explanations and policy implications. Overall, the evidence suggests that today's electric vehicles imply smaller environmental benefits than previously believed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how poor health outcomes in the HIV/AIDS and opioid epidemics in the United States are undergirded by iatrogenesis. Data are drawn from two projects in Southern California: one among men who have sex with men (MSM) engaging with pre-exposure prophylaxis to HIV (PrEP) and the other in a public hospital system encountering patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD). Ethnographic evidence demonstrates how efforts to minimize risk via PrEP and opioid prescription regulation paradoxically generate new forms of risk. Biomedical risk management paradigms engaged across the paper's two ethnographic field sites hinge on the production and governance of deserving patienthood, which is defined by providers and experienced by patients through moral judgments about risk underlying both increased surveillance and abandonment. This paper argues that the logic of deservingness disconnects clinical evaluations of risk from patients' lived, intersectional experiences of race, class, gender, and sexuality. This paper's analysis thus re-locates patients in the context of broader historical and sociopolitical trajectories to highlight how notions of clinical risk designed to protect patients can in fact imperil them. Misalignment between official, clinical constructions of risk and the embodied experience of risk borne by patients produces iatrogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article surveys the holdings gathered on social and cultural movements at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace in the U.S. The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was founded at Stanford University by Herbert Hoover in 1919 to collect materials documenting the causes and consequences of World War I. The Hoover Institution is available without charge to all individuals regardless of citizenship, residence, academic affiliation, or lack thereof. Socialist activities during World War I are illuminated by the microfilm collection (10 reels) assembled by Frank L. Grubbs, Jr., as research material for his book "The Struggle for Labor Loyalty." Grubbs' topic was the competition between the pro-war American Alliance for Labor and Democracy and the anti-war People's Council of America, both founded in 1917. The Archives' holdings on the Communist Party, U.S., are far more extensive, and, without question, the single richest source is the Jay Lovestone Papers (330 linear feet). Lovestone a founding member of the party in 1919, played a central role in its internal factional wars of the 1920s, became its general secretary in 1927, and was expelled together with a core of followers in 1929 at the insistence of Communist International headquarters in Moscow.

The article presents information about the Urban Archives Center at California State University at Northridge, California. The Center was established in 1979 through the efforts of university faculty and concerned community organizations and leaders. The primary purpose of the Center has been to collect the historically significant records of voluntary associations and prominent citizens who have directed growth in Los Angeles County and influenced government and public thinking since the beginning of the 20th century. Major subject areas developed during the Center's first 10 years of operation include, trade, tourism, and urban development; education; minority and ethnic organizations; politics; social services; women of Los Angeles; and recreation, sports and leisure studies. The center sent out 800 questionnaires inquiring about materials being stored in union halls and administrative offices. The responses revealed the existence of a wealth of untapped historical documents as well as the willingness of many labor organizations to participate in an archival program.

This paper calls for a critical reframing of masculinity as an intersectional construct in the HIV epidemic and in public health. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 56 Black men who have sex with men and women in the San Francisco Bay Area. Men described their sexual identities and practices via complex narratives of masculinity that drew on subordinated and resourceful adaptations to the structural effects of racism, economic marginalisation and homophobia. By focusing on men whose experience of masculinity operates outside fixed identity categories, the paper draws attention to the intersectionality that is, by necessity, constitutive of men's lived experiences. Findings suggest the value of an integrative framework for understanding Black masculinities as processes and practices simultaneously informed by structural inequalities (racism, economic marginalisation and/or homophobia, in particular) and cultural meanings of gender. By utilising an intersectional approach, public health and sociology can better understand the concurrent resilience and vulnerability of masculinities, while building an interdisciplinary understanding of the symbolic role of Black masculinities in the USA, as well as a means by which to promote health and well-being in and through these gendered contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusionary housing is considered a powerful local policy tool that can help address housing affordability and social inclusion issues. This paper draws from empirical research conducted in the City of Santa Monica in California to provide fresh insights on a successful innovative inclusionary housing program, the Affordable Housing Production Program (AHPP). This program was established to increase affordable housing production and enable social integration. Based on the Land Use and Circulation Element (LUCE) of the General Plan, the AHPP seeks to capture some of the increase in land value resulting from planned increases in the intensity of development. Our research shows that the program increased inclusionary housing production by market-rate developers by 15% over the previous inclusionary housing policy. The study finds that land use policies and planning can, through inclusionary housing, help harness the strength of the real estate market to (1) increase affordable housing production, and (2) achieve effective social integration in neighborhoods of opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces research papers presented in the inaugural conference of the University of California Council of Women's Programs and published in the 1989 issue of the 'Women's Studies' journal. Relationship between the study of women and social movements; Zavella's discussion on the effect of the problematic relationship between feminism and the Chicano movement on Chicana studies; Roberta Fernandez's analysis of Helena Maria Viramontes' story, 'The Cariboo Caf,'.

The overarching purpose of this paper was to explore the legal resolution of companion animal custody disputes in the event of a couple's divorce or dissolution of a cohabiting union. I conducted content analysis on court cases throughout the U.S. between 1944 and 2019 and on policies enacted between 2016 and 2019 in Alaska, California, Illinois, and New Hampshire, the only states to date that have implemented legislation stipulating how companion animal custody disputes should be legally resolved. Results indicate that the law is moving away from a legal standard that defines animals as personal property to one concerned with the best interests, well-being, or care of companion animals and the strong emotional attachments of individuals to them. The implications of these court cases and legislation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insolvent firms usually file for formal bankruptcy protection under either liquidation or reorganization. Reorganization aims to save viable failing firms whereas liquidation focuses on filtering out unviable failing firms. This paper theoretically and empirically investigates the determinants of formal bankruptcy resolution. We present a concise theory to reveal the theoretical boundary between liquidation and reorganization, which reflects how industry characteristics, judicial bias, and firm characteristics affect the outcome of bankruptcy resolution. By using the commercial bankruptcy data on US courts (2000–2016), we validate the proposed theory. In empirical tests, we deploy discrete-choice models to address the main predictions derived from theory and conduct robustness checks (e.g. placebo test). We document that firms are more likely to be reorganized when their industry is experiencing prosperity. Firms in asset-heavy industries (e.g. hotels, mining, and oil) tend to be reorganized. Formal resolution of bankruptcy cases handled by courts in Alaska and Hawaii are more likely to be reorganization than is the case in other states; however, firms that file bankruptcy petitions in California courts are more likely to face liquidation. Finally, larger and more transparent firms are more likely to be reorganized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through narratives taken from life history interviews with an indigenous Mexican male immigrant in California, this paper examines the connection between masculinities and the learning of dominant languages associated with access to economic opportunities. In portraying the teller's engagements with work and education in both countries, these life history narratives index the way changing social contexts have caused him to emphasise different masculinities at different times in his life. Specifically, this paper explores the way a serious work injury led the teller to place new emphasis on learning English and computer skills in order to reconstruct a kind of ‘technical masculinity’ that he had previously found little scope for in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoptions subsidies represent a growing portion of federal, state, and local expenditures for child welfare services. Almost no previous analysis has been done with state level adoption subsidy data. This paper reports on analyses of subsidy data from North Carolina and California. These analyses indicate the significantly different way that subsidies are used in each state. In California, subsidies change markedly because they are used to purchase post-adoption services. In North Carolina, most post-adoption services are paid for through vendor payments. In California, the likelihood of subsidy increases are associated with family income, in unexpected ways. Common findings across states are that few families that begin to receive a subsidy will generally continue to receiving them until the child ages out of the program. Implications for policy and research are forwarded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1984 debate about closing the baths in San Francisco the mayor directed the police to investigate sexual behavior in the bathhouses and write a report for her. The directive had been a secret, but when the community learned of the report, its response was quick and furious. The mayor squelched the report and no one but the report's authors, the mayor, and probably a handful of intermediaries ever saw the written report. In response to this investigation, two local journalists conducted a more open investigation that resulted in a newspaper article for Coming Up!, a lesbian and gay community newspaper published monthly in San Francisco (California). This article is reprinted here in large part because of its scientific rather than journalistic or historical value. These investigators approached their work systematically (certainly much more so than many other scientists, journalists or police professionals at the time), and as a result, their article provides a much more thorough description of what was happening in the baths at that point in the AIDS epidemic. Interestingly, many public policy options considered today were already part of the discussion then and, at times, already in place in the San Francisco bathhouses. Of note, at the time, orgy rooms were considered likely to be contributing to transmission, thus the authors gave particular attention to its presence/absence and use. The original paper was published in the July 1984 edition (pp. 17-22). As with all the reprinted papers in this volume, no editorial changes were made to the paper and only minor typographical errors were corrected. The editor of Coming Up! included a preface to the article in the original publication, and that preface is also reprinted here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survey data from Los Angeles Times editorial employees and residents of Los Angeles County were gathered to determine respondents' views of the newspaper's efforts to increase minority coverage, specifically with regard to the market-driven nature of those efforts. How respondents perceive market-driven journalism and the extent to which newsroom and community perceptions of it are similar were specifically addressed. This is an important and neglected area of research. Results suggest that people, whether journalists or readers, neither dismiss nor embrace market-driven journalism outright. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, urban and rural communities across the U.S. are looking at ecological systems as capital assets with values that are diminishing as they are degraded. Investments are needed so they can continue to provide ecological services critical to the environmental, social, and economic well-being of the communities. This paper explores ''reinvestment'' as term encouraging the development of mechanisms for sustained and long-term investment in ''natural capital,'' as well as the other forms of capital on which communities and society depend. It raises important questions on which there are information gaps, such as the value of ecological services, the level of investment needed to restore and maintain ecological systems, the activities to which investment dollars should be allocated, and where public and private investment dollars might come from. These questions are discussed at national, regional, and local scales, focusing on water-an ecological resource with immense value that connects ecosystems and communities at many scales. The paper presents lessons and reinvestment mechanisms from studies in California's Sierra Nevada ecosystem and community-based efforts in its northernmost drainage, the Feather River watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Reports on the conference and exhibition of the Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH) of the Association for Computing Machinery held in Los Angeles, California on August 8-13, 1999. Attendance; Number of exhibitors; Papers presented in the conference which are expected to affect graphics and interactive techniques.

Presents a paper which uses vector autoregressive (VAR) and variance decomposition techniques to examine the causes of housing cycles in California during 1986 and 1994. Comparison of the speculative behavior of landlord with economic fundamentals in boosting the housing demand; In-depth look at the housing markets; Strengths and weakness of the linkage between housing cycles and economic fundamentals; Information on the VAR method.

Recently, the US has dramatically expanded immigration enforcement. At the same time, some advocates have sought to support “good” immigrants. This paper considers how the resulting good/bad binaries affect undocumented immigrants. I examine a case study in Los Angeles, where policing intertwined with protection. Based on participant observation and interviews, I show that respondents believed state agents classified them either as “bad” criminals or “good”, immigrants. To the extent immigrants identified as “good”, they credited the US with offering them “freedom” and hoped for political inclusion. At the same time, in what I call moralizing regulation, they also performed “good” behaviour and distinguished themselves from those seen as “bad”. Some also tied “good” behaviour to femininity and “acting white”. At the extreme, they blamed other migrants for inviting state mistreatment. The effects were ambivalent: while immigrants appreciated US support, they also adopted and adapted to the state’s moral norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asks what a “cultural turn” in transportation geography might look like. In taking seriously Susan Hanson's claim that transportation geography has become a “moribund corner” of the discipline, this paper suggests a set of new avenues for inquiry. To do so, the paper draws on fieldwork I conducted in California's East Bay, as well as the story a fictitious transit system called the “B-Line.” Despite being a fiction, I argue that the B-Line offers an excellent entry point into mapping what a “cultural turn” in transportation geography might entail. Speaking to the larger theme of “doing cultural geography,” this essay argues that doing cultural geography not only means continuing to explore questions of representation, ideology, and cultural meaning, but it also means applying those questions to areas of study like transportation geography—areas where such questions remain largely unexplored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the way in which psychologists classified immigrant children as feebleminded through the use of intelligence testing and how state organisations consequently segregated them from public schools based on the scientific evidence. First, I show the way in which the psychologist Lewis Terman utilised intelligence testing to identify immigrant children deemed feebleminded. I focus closely on a survey and on his methodology and analysis. I then discuss the possibilities of education for the feebleminded and the segregation of immigrant children from regular classroom of public schools. Through his survey, Terman concluded that the exceptionally high ratio of feebleminded children in the tested region was caused by the large population of immigrant children, although the selection of the sample was often subjective, leading to “miscalculation” in his analysis. Terman’s survey was influential in terms of segregating feebleminded children by stating their incurability; possibilities of education for the feebleminded were thus denied. At his suggestion, special classes and schools, along with a home for the feebleminded, were established. Terman’s psychological survey was a cue for psychologists to enter the school system. The State Board of Education was not only attempting to discover the percentage of feebleminded children but also trying to apply psychology to school training. With the cooperation of the Board, the training of teachers for the feebleminded proceeded. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Concern is growing in the United States regarding the potential for health insurance benefit designs to discriminate against persons living with HIV as research demonstrates that such practices are occurring. A recent complaint filed against health insurers in seven states alleges that some health insurance companies have been using benefit designs that discourage enrollment of people living with HIV either by not covering essential HIV medications or by requiring cost-sharing for these prohibitively expensive medications. Legislators across the country have reacted by introducing legislation to address these growing problems. This paper describes Assembly Bill 339, legislation passed in California in 2015 and going into effect on 1 January 2017, which provides protection for people living with HIV by requiring coverage for single-tablet regimens to manage HIV while placing a cap on patient cost-sharing. Given California’s size and influence, and the uncertainty of the future of the Affordable Care Act, this legislation has the potential to influence the national policy debate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork, interviews and audio recordings at a US summer camp by and for Iranian-heritaged youth, this paper analyses the construction of ethno-national identity during the ‘Ta'arofTournament’, a popular camp activity that literally makes sport of the Iranian custom of self-effacement, politeness and hospitality.A repertoire of sixta'arofstrategies is identified: (a) reliance on pre-existing, commonly usedta'arofphrases, (b) ‘code-switching’ between English and Persian, (c) body gestures, (d) novel, hyperbolic ‘ta'arof-style’ phrases, (e) exaggerated ‘Iranian’ accents and (f) subversive and humorous re-enactments of life in immigrant households. Camp participants embrace, renew and transform the quintessentially ‘Iranian’ custom ofta'arofwhile self-consciously performing for one another. Despite scholarship that relies on ‘cultural trauma’ and ‘stigma’ to explain identity ‘loss’ among immigrant groups, these findings reveal that the ironic, tender cultural performance of ‘rituals’ liketa'arofserve as powerful source material for group affinity and belonging in diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the ways academic discourses shaped the field of American independent cinema. Through a discussion of a large number of works that examined the question of independent filmmaking in the USA and were published from the 1940s onwards, the paper provides a number of distinctions between particular approaches to what constitutes American independent cinema, and in effect offers a history of film criticism on the subject. More specifically, it groups work in the field under five different categories, each driven by agendas and objectives that were often conflicting. This conflict can be seen most clearly during the 1980s when a particular group of scholars examined American independent cinema as intricately linked to the Hollywood film industry and the studios while a second cluster of academic researchers located independent film completely outside the mainstream and as part of alternative media. In this respect, independent film production in the USA has come to represent a different set of characteristics for different groups of scholars, which to some extent explains why a consensual definition of the label 'independent film' has remained elusive. (Part 1 of this paper was published in the New Review of Film and Television Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2011.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ways academic discourses shaped the field of American independent cinema. Through a discussion of a large number of works that examined the question of independent filmmaking in the USA and were published from the 1940s onwards, the paper provides a number of distinctions between particular approaches to what constitutes American independent cinema, and in effect offers a history of film criticism on the subject. More specifically, it groups work on the field under five different categories, each driven by agendas and objectives that were often conflicting. This conflict can be seen most clearly during the 1980s when a particular group of scholars examined American independent cinema as intricately linked to the Hollywood film industry and the studios while a second cluster of academic researchers located independent film completely outside the mainstream and as part of alternative media. In this respect, independent film production in the USA has come to represent a different set of characteristics for different groups of scholars, which to some extent explains why a consensual definition of the label 'independent film' has remained elusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) shortwave infrared subsystem can acquire images of active fires during daytime and night-time from a polar orbit, providing useful data on fire properties at a nominal spatial resolution of 30 m. Binary fire/no-fire counts of ASTER pixels have also been useful in evaluating the performance of widely-used fire products from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which have a nominal spatial resolution of 1 km. However, the ASTER fire pixels are actually mixed pixels that can contain flaming, smouldering and non-burning components, and ASTER fire pixel counts provide no information about the sizes or temperatures of these subpixel components. This paper uses multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) to estimate subpixel fire sizes and temperatures from a night-time ASTER image of a fire in California, USA, demonstrating new methods that can provide information on fires not available from other sources. As a fire's size and its temperature exert strong influences on its gas and aerosol emissions, ecological impact and spreading rates, these MESMA estimates from ASTER imagery could contribute valuable new information towards monitoring, forecasting and understanding the behaviour and impacts of many fires worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long Beach, California is home to the largest population of Cambodians outside Cambodia and is the symbolic and actual center of the worldwide Cambodian diaspora. Despite the significance of this community for both Cambodians and Long Beach, little is known about the social, historical, political, and economic processes leading to its formation. This paper situates the growth of the community within particular historical moments at both national and local levels through a chronological presentation of key events from the 1950s through the 1990s. The paper provides insights into the experiences of a largely refugee population and the new Asian immigration to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Announces the annual conference of the History of Economics Society in Davis, California. Encouragement of proposals or papers or sessions on all aspects of economic history; Limitations of the abstracts submitted; Deadline for the submission of abstracts; Publication of selected papers in the special issue of the journal.

Over the years industry clusters have been touted to have economic and strategic advantages and have been used to develop embryonic industries. Cluster development process and methodology have generally taken two distinct approaches, “laissez-faire,” which is economic system driven vs. “planned/sponsored,” which is driven by government policy and intent. This paper looks at two biotech clusters that are representative of each of these methodologies, the SF Bay Area (California, U.S.) cluster and the Hsinchu (Taiwan) cluster to identify the evolution and success of these two methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the implementation of post-disaster US federal assistance programmes for residential reconstruction and investigates the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of places and access to residential assistance following the Northridge earthquake that hit Los Angeles in 1994. The paper also examines the effects of the distribution of assistance on long-term recovery outcomes. Findings suggest that areas with high levels of socially marginalised populations were at a disadvantage in accessing federal residential assistance. Findings also show that the long-term effects of the earthquake differed depending on levels of assistance relative to damage. Areas that received less assistance experienced losses in population and housing units. These findings indicate that post-disaster recovery programmes in the US do not adequately address the wide range of housing needs that emerge in the case of a major disaster in a large metropolitan area. Implications for post-disaster planning as well as for planning under everyday conditions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an examination niche voices of youth in a city council meeting as they weak out against the passage of Proposition 21, this paper identities the diversity among urban youth identities. Many studies have focused on explaining youth's deviant coded behavior, but have given little attention to ways in which youth engage in dialogue with authorities. This paper demonstrates that the youth contest their racialized identity, as reflected in California's anti youth politics as well as in mass-media depictions, by drawing on discourses regarding education, family values, and concern for each other's welfare. I argue that urban youth do not always position themselves in opposition to mainstream society, in their attempts to contest racial hegemony, but construct civic identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of a new and promising case-based management information system on child welfare case management practices in two California counties. Objectives were to measure the extent to which computerization affected casework practices and to identify factors that influenced the effect of computerization. An exploratory longitudinal one-group pre-post design was used. Individual characteristics such as ethnicity , gender, age, time on the job, computer experience and work experience may be associated with how workers react to the introduction of new computer systems. Contrary to expectations, few differences were found, although workers spent more time alone after implementation of the system. This design has a number of limitations of sampling and design, in the long run these limitations may be resolved through advanced computer systems. A key finding is that the amount of time that caseworkers spent with clients was not reduced by the computer system.

Service delivery to dually diagnosed individuals is often impeded by the divergent treatment approaches used by mental health and substance misuse treatment providers. This paper describes findings from a survey of mental health and substance misuse treatment program administrators and staff in Los Angeles County (n=275) on their views about treating the dually diagnosed. All groups agreed about the challenges of treating dually diagnosed patients; however, there were differences both between and within providers in the two treatment systems on other aspects of treatment. The findings arc discussed within the context of clinical and programmatic efforts to improve service delivery to the dually diagnosed. Key Words: Dual diagnosis; Treatment approaches; Mental health treatment; Substance misuse treatment; Service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An assessment of the impact of three rice straw management options on the emission of greenhouse gases showed that the present defacto practice of straw incorporation into the soil would increase the emission of CO[sub 2] equivalent by about 4 times over the pre-1991 unlimited open-field burning practice. Large-scale use of rice straw for the co-manufacture of paper and energy would provide a substantial net reduction of greenhouse gas emission arising from rice cropping and subsequent disposal of the straw. If there is an active trading market for CO[sub 2] credit, the valuation could range from $0.85 million to $1.7 million annually for California rice farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the integration of engineering, function and space in the Salk Institute for Biological Studies at La Jolla, California, USA, by Louis Kahn (1959-1967). While traditional interpretation has focused on the Salk's courtyard as a space of uncanny emotional power, this study suggests that the power of this space derives in part from the intensity of Kahn's attention to systems, materials and methods. Using drawings and project correspondence from the Louis h Kahn archives at the University of Pennsylvania, the paper suggests an alternative understanding of Kahn's work as empirical, evolutionary, and based as much in the prose of engineering as in the claimed poetics of architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Graham and Guy analyse the political and spatial contestations surrounding the rapid recent growth of gentrifying IT-clusters in downtown San Francisco. The emphasis is on how new, high-capacity internet infrastructures and services, and the technoscientific apparatus to maintain, use and apply such infrastructures, are implicated in the restructuring of politics and landscapes of this particular central city. In particular, the authors focus on the complex urban and technological politics surrounding the 'dot-com invasion' of IT entrepreneurs and internet industries to downtown San Francisco. The paper explores how this urban place has been forcefully appropriated as a strategic site of digital capitalism, under intense resistance and contestation from a wide alliance of social movements struggling to maintain the city as a site of Bohemian counter-culture and social and cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper offers a critique of the recent work on global economic and state restructuring in the broader political economy literature. It argues that much of this work, because of its theoretical reliance on regulation theory, offers only a partial account of the state and state restructuring. The paper offers a framework for understanding state restructuring and the state's role in economic regulation that adds more explicitly political imperatives to the existing regulation account. The methodological goals of the regulationist literature have led it to focus too heavily on the reproduction of capitalist relations as the primary object of state policies and institutions. That focus should be enlarged to include an explicit analysis of the important element of state-citizen relations. In addition to helping reproduce capitalist relations, state policies must also reproduce a condition of political legitimacy between state and citizen in order to ensure the continued reproduction of state institutions and state sovereignty. While the statecitizen relation is closely bound up with economic relations, it also includes non-economic, more purely political aspects. I argue that the imperative of state-citizen legitimacy will play an important role in how the state is restructured in the present crisis. The paper ends by offering a case study of the local state in Los Angeles in order to illustrate how state-citizen political legitimacy can play an important role in state restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 90s, thc Libraries of California State University launched the Information Competence Initiative. Cooperation was thc cornerstone of this project that dramatically increased awareness of thc importance of information competence to student academic success. This paper shares thc history of the project and thc lessons that were learned as it grew to involve 23 campuses and hundreds of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon Valley in Southern California has, over the past 30 years, become a model for high technology development in many parts of the world. Associated with Silicon Valley is a common rhetoric and mythology that explains the origins of this area of high technology agglomeration and indeed the business and entrepreneurial attributes needed for success. Governments in many parts of the world (including Southeast Asia and Australia) have tried to emulate this growth through various industry and regional development mechanisms, in particular, the science or technology park. More recently, promoting developments in information technology has come to be seen as an integral feature of these parks' activities. In this paper, we argue that the modeling process used by governments to promote Silicon Valley-like regional development has tended to model the wrong things about Silicon Valley. The models have tended to be mechanical and have failed to reflect the nature of information and information industries. While we have not sought to develop a model for Silicon Valley in this paper,we address a number of issues that require attention on the part of anyone serious about this project. After discussing problems with previous attempts to model Silicon Valley and problems associated with the activity of modeling itself, we move to consider four issues that must be addressed in any real attempt to model Silicon Valley in Southeast Asia. The first is the role of the state and the problems that state involvement may create. The second concerns the contribution that universities can make to the project. The third is the role of firms, particularly Chinese firms. The fourth is the cultural context within which the 'model' will sit. Since technology parks are seen as a popular way of promoting high technology development by governments, the revised history suggested in this paper provides fresh thinking about modeling Silicon Valley in the Southeast Asian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on the 'SIGGRAPH 2001' conference on digital creativity held in Los Angeles, California. Highlights of the event; Exhibitors at the event; Topics discussed at the conference.

This paper seeks to understand why secession movements gained momentum in Los Angeles and what their effect will be on regional governance. A brief discussion of liberal theories of secession demonstrates that they cannot explain secession movements at the urban scale, as they are exclusively focused on cases of nationalist secession from a nation-state. Furthermore, liberal theories of secession offer normative arguments on the right to secede. Following a change in California legislation granting municipalities the right to secede, the secessionist debate in Los Angeles is not so much concerned with normative issues, but more with devising an effective and revenue-neutral process for secession. Using a threefold theoretical approach based on theories of secession, regulation theory and theories of state rescaling, and theories of social movements, this paper argues that the 'political opportunity structures' provided by globalisation and the prevalent neo-conservatism, might explain how secession movements in Los Angeles were able to mobilise large efforts to their cause. We hold that globalisation has forced cities to re-open the debate on size and governance. Secession movements have been very successful in raising public awareness on the issue. Their strength lies mostly in their populism, well in tune with the prevalent wave of neo-conservatism. These movements use arguments well grounded in Southern California's complex history of regional fragmentation and consolidation. As a social project of the Right, they offer secession as a potential 'solution' to the problems of urban governance in the age of globalisation, in a context of simultaneous consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Economy poses significant challenges and opportunities for Asia's model of state-guided development. After decades of prolific advance in economic growth and social welfare, the Asian financial crisis instigated the transformation of existing industries and the rise of new ones, especially in information and communications sectors. At the same time, environmental sustainability, traditionally considered a luxury unaffordable for the quick developers of Asia, is becoming an imperative with policy-makers and businesspeople, as public health in Asian megacities continues to deteriorate. This paper considers the complex processes of business and market transformation introduced by the New Economy, and the ensuing implications for economic, social and environmental sustainability in Asia. In particular, this paper considers the sustainability implications of transformation in business processes brought about through the business applications of new information and communications technologies (ICTs); expansion of new online markets for goods and services, especially those that may exist exclusively through ICTs; and changes in secondary and related industries, such as hardware, software and infrastructure sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores drinking by girl gang members. Sociologists and criminologists have tended to concentrate on both male gang members and their involvement in drug dealing. This pre-occupation has tended to overshadow not only the role of female gang members but also the importance of drinking within youth gangs. In spite of a growing interest in female drinking, ethnographic and qualitative research on female drinking is still much less developed than that devoted to male drinking. In analyzing the culture of drinking in the lives of girl gang members, we uncover the extent to which alcohol plays a central part in their everyday lives. Data for this paper are drawn from the results of an on-going study of street gangs in the San Francisco Bay area, in which 97 female gang members were interviewed using both a quantitative and qualitative interview schedule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the Blue Line corridor, a 22-mile rail transportation route that connects downtown Los Angeles to downtown Long Beach. The line passes through some of the most neglected and poorest communities in Los Angeles County. Despite initial rhetoric by rail advocates and local politicians the line has not succeeded in improving the economic environment of adjacent communities. In this paper we use the Blue Line as a case-study in an effort to understand the real and perceived barriers to growth around inner city station areas. Based on information gathered through a series of interviews with politicians, planners, community leaders and transportation experts, and site analysis data from extensive field-work, we identify the 'missing antecedents' for neighbourhood development around inner city station areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

San Francisco Boulevard, in Sacremento, California, comes as a surprise: a residential street in the form of a grand boulevard, built at a modest scale in a modest neighbourhood.Why is it here? Are the soci-economic dynamics of this street different from those of the surrounding neighbourhood? This paper is about a particular street, but it is as much about the research: the ability to find 'objective' information that provides answers to questions about the nature of a small urban area. It is about sources of historic information, about errors in information and about being misled by 'hard data'. It is about the importanceof informal contacts and interviews and in going beyond data. In the end, the paper speaks to the veracity of sensitive observation and modest, maybe obvious conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first three decades of the twentieth century, the Los Angeles metropolitan area emerged as the fastest growing urban–industrial economy on the Pacific Coast. This was a significant achievement for a city without a natural harbour. Despite formidable barriers presented by physical geography, the gradual development of a deep-water harbour in Los Angeles was fundamental to the emergence of oil-based capitalism in Southern California. In the first three decades of the twentieth century, under the municipal governance of a Board of Harbor Commissioners, private oil companies developed Los Angeles Harbor into a modern transhipment facility comprising infrastructures and technologies dedicated to the efficient transportation, storage, and refining of petroleum and petroleum-based products. From this perspective, Los Angeles Harbor needs to be understood as a long-term, fixed-capital investment into oil-based energy as fuel for industry and transportation. As a transhipment facility, Los Angeles Harbor also functioned as a critical outlet for surplus energy after the discovery of several large fields in the Los Angeles Basin in the early 1920s. By focusing on a particular built landscape, this paper aims to contribute insight into how geographies of fixed-capital investment play a role in the regional dynamics of energy transition and establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Acknowledges the contributions of Walter David Knight, a physicist from Berkeley, California. Investigations on electronics and magnets; Influence on the nuclear magnetic resonance; Impact of his work on metal cluster physics and other scientific disciplines.