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Progressive knowledge of allergenic structures resulted in a broad availability of allergenic molecules for diagnosis. Component‐resolved diagnosis allowed a better understanding of patient sensitization patterns, facilitating allergen immunotherapy decisions. In parallel to the discovery of allergenic molecules, there was a progressive development of a regulation framework that affected both in vitro diagnostics and Allergen Immunotherapy products. With a progressive understanding of underlying mechanisms associated to Allergen immunotherapy and an increasing experience of application of molecular diagnosis in daily life, we focus in analyzing the evidences of the value provided by molecular allergology in daily clinical practice, with a focus on Allergen Immunotherapy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numbers of langerin+ cells among the experimental groups were similar; however, Fc RI expression in these cells tended to be higher in the oral epithelium of allergic patients (data not shown). To our knowledge, this is the first study describing an affected oral mucosa in the absence of food allergy and opens new ways of understanding barrier alterations associated with respiratory allergy. A disrupted barrier could be responsible for the progression to food allergy when the affected oral mucosa gets in direct contact with a trigger.[2] In fact, many food allergies are associated with previous respiratory sensitizations (PR10, lipid transfer proteins, profilins).[10]. [Extracted from the article]

The potential of precision medicine in allergy and asthma has only started to be explored. A significant clarification in the pathophysiology of rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, food allergy and drug hypersensitivity was made in the last decade. This improved understanding led to a better classification of the distinct phenotypes and to the discovery of new drugs such as biologicals, targeting phenotype‐specific mechanisms. Nevertheless, many conditions remain poorly understood such as non‐eosinophilic airway diseases or non‐IgE–mediated food allergy. Moreover, there is a need to predict the response to specific therapies and the outcome of drug and food provocations. The identification of patients at risk of progression towards severity is also an unmet need in order to establish adequate preventive or therapeutic measures. The implementation of precision medicine in the clinical practice requires the identification of phenotype‐specific markers measurable in biological matrices. To become useful, these biomarkers need to be quantifiable by reliable systems, and in samples obtained in an easy, rapid and cost‐efficient way. In the last years, significant research resources have been put in the identification of valid biomarkers for asthma and allergic diseases. This review summarizes these recent advances with focus on the biomarkers with higher clinical applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]