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The surgeon is positioned on the right side, the camera holder on the surgeon's left side and the assistant between patient's legs. Step 6: Splenectomy The surgeon is between the patient's legs with camera holder to the patient's right and the assistant on the other side. Step 4: Mobilization of the hepatic flexure and caecostomy The assistant exposes the hepatocolic ligament and phrenocolic ligament by pulling the hepatic flexure downwards. [Extracted from the article]

Disease trajectories following antibody therapy can have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of the antibody. Although this phenomenon can often be explained by reduced target‐expressing cells, other mechanisms may play a role. We use a novel minimal physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model to evaluate an alternative drug–disease interaction mechanism involving competitive inhibition of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)‐mediated Immunoglobulin G recycling by paraproteins. The model is validated with clinical data from the anti‐FcRn antibody M281 and is used to conduct a scenario test to quantify the interaction among M‐protein, the characteristic paraprotein of multiple myeloma (MM), and the anti‐CD38 antibody daratumumab indicated for MM treatment. Simulations predict up to a 3.6‐fold increase in daratumumab half‐life following M‐protein reduction, which lends credence to the hypothesis that FcRn competition in MM can manifest as time‐dependent reduction of clearance for daratumumab. This model can inform optimal dosing strategies for antibodies in MM and other pathologies of paraprotein excess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will try to focus on two aspects of oil production policy under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GAIT) and the World Trade Organization.The first is how freely an oil producer can regulate the quantity of oil production and exports without violating GAIT rules and the second is how an oil exporter could benefit from GAIT rules to overstep barriers to market access imposed by oil- importing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]