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Aims: This scoping review was conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of how electroencephalogram (EEG) and event‐related potentials (ERPs) have been used in nursing research, with the goal of mapping the themes and methods of nursing research involving EEGs or ERPs as a measurement tool. Methods: The eligibility criteria were determined according to the Population, Concept, and Context principle. A systematic electronic search of articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus databases was carried out for the period from database establishment to November 21, 2022. The included studies were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: The review process culminated in 45 articles, evidencing an increasing trend and dispersion characteristics of EEG in nursing research and reflecting five thematic domains of inquiry related to nursing. There was a deficiency of detailed reports of EEG recording and data analysis parameters in nursing research. The common EEG bands in nursing research were Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma. The ERP components used frequently were P3, P2, N1, N2, P1, N170, and feedback‐related negativity. Conclusions: The wide variety of EEG components used show broad potential for studying nursing questions. In the future, it will be necessary to increase the depth of the research content, the repeatability of the experiment and the standardization of the report. Nursing researchers should give full play to the characteristics of nursing and establish a systematic and complete EEG research system for nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in tumorigenesis, specifically in colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer. The study analyzes the mutational landscape of PLK1 and concomitant mutations in these cancers. The findings suggest that PLK1 may have tumor-suppressor features and caution should be exercised when using PLK1 inhibitors. The study also identifies different mutation subtypes of PLK1 and their associations with other genetic abnormalities in CRC. However, the study has limitations, such as missing information on cancer stage and treatment data, and further research is needed to validate the findings. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: We analyzed the influence of the location of the upper and lower cement on the sandwich vertebrae (SV) by computer finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: A finite element model of the spinal segment of T11‐L1 was constructed and 6 mL of cement was built into T11 and L1 simultaneously. According to the various distributions of bone cement at T11 and L1, the following four groups were formed: (i) Group B‐B: bilateral bone cement reinforcement in both T11 and L1 vertebral bodies; (ii) Group L‐B: left unilateral reinforcement in T11 and bilateral reinforcement in L1; (iii) Group L‐R: unilateral cement reinforcement in both T11 and L1 (cross); (iv) Group L‐L: unilateral cement reinforcement in both T11 and L1 (ipsilateral side). The maximum von Mises stress (VMS) and maximum displacement of the SV and intervertebral discs were compared and analyzed. Results: The maximum VMS of T12 was in the order of size: group B‐B < L‐B < L‐R < L‐L. Group B‐B showed the lowest maximum VMS values for T12: 19.13, 18.86, 25.17, 25.01, 19.24, and 20.08 MPa in six directions of load flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, and left and right rotation, respectively, while group L‐L was the largest VMS in each group, with the maximum VMS in six directions of 21.55, 21.54, 30.17, 28.33, 19.88, and 25.27 MPa, respectively. Conclusion: Compared with the uneven distribution of bone cement in the upper and lower adjacent vertebrae (ULAV), the uniform distribution of bone cement in the ULAV reduced and uniformed the stress load on the SV and intervertebral disc. Theoretically, it can lead to the lowest incidence of sandwich vertebral fracture and the slowest rate of intervertebral disc degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for water and urea splitting to produce green hydrogen presents a significant yet worthwhile challenge. Herein, the morphology and electronic structure of cobalt metaphosphate (Co2P4O12) by vanadium (V) doping, resulting in improved electrocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) are simultaneously regulated. Theory calculations show that V‐doped Co2P4O12 (V‐Co2P4O12) can boost the kinetics of catalytic reactions by optimizing the d‐band center of Co atoms and the binding strength of intermediates, as well as enhancing the density of states. Moreover, the doping of V into Co2P4O12 crystalline structure benefits the formation of a thicker amorphous layer during the catalytic process, which could enhance its alkaline corrosion resistance and stability. Additionally, the multilevel nanostructures of V‐Co2P4O12 provide rich active sites for catalytic reactions. As a result, a two‐electrode electrolyzer assembled by V‐doped Co2P4O12 delivers low voltages for overall water and urea splitting. The superior performance suggests that the proposed V‐doping strategy is a promising way to regulate electrocatalytic activity for catering to green electrocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel mononuclear 4‐vinylpyridine‐based Fe(III) complexes [FeL(4‐VP)]BPh4 (4‐VP=4‐vinylpyridine; H2L=bis(salicylicdeneaminopropyl)amine, H2salten, 1; H2L=bis(salicylicdeneaminopropyl)methylamine, H2saltenMe, 2; H2L=bis(3‐methoxysalicylideneaminopropyl)methylamine, 3‐OMeH2saltenMe, 3) were synthesized and characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that 1–3 both present the mononuclear structure based on 4‐VP coordinated with bis(salicylicdeneaminopropyl)amine and its derivatives, which give 2D architectures by various interactions among cations and counter‐ions. Magnetic studies showed that both 1 and 2 exhibit one‐step complete spin‐crossover (SCO) behaviours with critical transition temperatures (T1/2) of 178 and 87 K respectively, while 3 exhibits one‐step incomplete spin crossover behaviour (T1/2,3=93 K). The introduction of methyl groups on the amine nitrogen of the Schiff base ligands in 2 and 3 give the bigger repulsive effect, further decrease the cooperation of spin centres, resulting in their spin transition occurring at lower temperatures. In addition, the presence of C−H⋯O weak interactions in 1 and 3 with synergistic effect, led to their spin transition temperatures being higher than that of 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lug is one of the most important lap joints in many engineering structures, especially airframes. Through‐thickness and part‐through cracks emanating from pin‐loaded lug hole are frequently encountered due to stress concentration. Stress intensity factors for various crack geometries are the prerequisite for damage tolerance design of attachment lug. In this paper, analytical 2D weight functions for through‐thickness crack in lug are derived considering the contact condition between the pin and lug. With the derived 2D weight function, a highly efficient 3D slice synthesis weight function method (SSWFM) is then developed to determine 3D SIFs of hole‐edge corner/surface crack in straight and tapered lugs under various pin loadings. The resulting 3D SIFs are verified by comparisons with the numerical FEM/Franc3D solutions and literature data. The SSWFM is about 1800 times faster than the numerical FEM/Franc3D and therefore will significantly enhance damage tolerance analysis capability for attachment lugs. Highlights: Accurate and wide‐range weight functions of pin‐loaded cracked lug are derived considering the contact constraint.A 3D weight function method for corner and surface cracks of lug is established.It is accurate and much faster than FEM for SIF calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of evidence‐based nursing (EBN) intervention on wound infection and postoperative complications in patients after appendectomy for acute appendicitis (AA), with the expectation of providing a theoretical basis for postoperative care in AA. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the postoperative application of EBN in patients with AA were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the inception of databases to October 2023. Two authors screened and evaluated the literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the final included literature. Stata software (version 17.0) was employed for data analysis. In total, 29 RCTs involving 2848 patients with AA were included, with 1424 in the EBN group and 1424 in the conventional care group. The analyses revealed that patients with AA who experienced EBN were significantly less likely to develop postoperative wound infections (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.14–0.38, p < 0.001) and postoperative complications (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.15–0.26, p < 0.001) as opposed to conventional care. Available evidence suggests that EBN can effectively reduce the risk of wound infection and postoperative complications in patients undergoing appendectomy for AA, thereby improving patient prognosis. This finding is worth promoting in the clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies showed that integrating coating or valve into Peripherally Inserted Central (PICC) can prevent related complications. However, data regarding efficiency were controversial. Therefore, a systematic review was needed to analyse the effect of PICC materials and designs on reduction of PICC‐related complications. We searched PubMed, Cochrane library, EMbase, grey literature and referent literature from inception to 5 August 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case–control study were included. Two authors extracted data independently, using a predesigned Excel form, and assessed the quality of included RCTs according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews (V5.1.0), case–control study was assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were analysed using Review Manager (v5.3.0). A total of 10 RCTs and one case–control study were included. Meta‐analysis results showed that PICC designs reduce the incidence of obstruction, and at the critical value of PICC‐associated bloodstream infection, but may have no effects on other complications. Based on the literature reviewed, we can only say PICC new materials did not reflect significant reduction on complications, what's more, the result needs more multicentre, large RCTs to support. We suggested clinicians combine descriptive research and cost‐effect analysis to select appropriate PICC materials and designs for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis C remains a global health problem, especially in poverty‐stricken areas. A rapid and sensitive point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostic tool is critical for the early detection and timely treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here, for the first time, we reported a novel molecular diagnostic assay, termed reverse transcription multiple cross displacement amplification integrated with a gold‐nanoparticle‐based lateral flow biosensor (RT‐MCDA‐AuNPs‐LFB), which was developed for rapid, sensitive, specific, and visual identification of HCV. HCV‐RT‐MCDA induced rapid isothermal amplification through a specific primer set targeting the 5′untranslated region gene from the major HCV genotypes 1b, 2a, 3b, 6a, and 3a that are prevalent in China. The optimal reaction temperature and time for RT‐MCDA‐AuNPs‐LFB were 68°C and 25 min, respectively. The limit of detection of the assay was 10 copies per test, and the specificity was 100% for the experimental strains. The whole detection procedure, including crude nucleic acid isolation (~5 min), RT‐MCDA (68°C, 25 min), and visual AuNPs‐LFB result confirmation (less than 2 min), was performed within 35 min. The preliminary results indicated that the HCV‐RT‐MCDA‐AuNPs‐LFB assay could be a valuable tool for sensitive, specific, visual, cost‐saving, and rapid detection of HCV and has potential as a POC diagnostic platform for field screening and early clinical detection of HCV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Whether airway‐compromised airway–esophageal fistula (AEF) patients should undergo combined airway and esophageal stenting is controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the survival prognosis and poststent interventions in AEF patients with airways compromised by advanced malignancy with or without airway stents. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records, survival times, and poststent interventions of 17 patients with or without airway stents was performed. Results: The causes of AEF were esophageal cancer (11/17, 64.7%), lung cancer (6/17, 29.4%), and thyroid cancer (1/17, 5.9%). All patients received a nasogastric tube (n = 12) or underwent gastrostomy (n = 5) to resume enteral nutrition. Thirteen patients underwent airway stent insertion (13/17, 76.5%), whereas four patients did not. Four patients with a high risk of stent migration received external stent fixation to the trachea. Three of the patients with stents suffered severe granulation tissue formation and needed repeated bronchoscopy interventions. In the stented group, none of the patients developed stent migration, and the overall median survival time was 9 months, compared with 1.25 months in the nonstented group (P = 0.04). Cox proportional hazards regression revealed that stent insertion, nasogastric tube insertion, and transcatheter bronchial artery chemoembolization were protective factors against death, whereas surgery‐related fistula, fistula larger than 2 cm, continued chemotherapy, and age were risk factors for poor survival (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In airway‐compromised AEF patients, airway stents and nasogastric tubes are probably the preferred treatments. Airway stenting is tolerable, and routine weekly poststent bronchoscopy is needed in the first month and depending on respiratory symptoms thereafter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stress intensity factor (SIF) is the foundation of fracture mechanics analysis. Accurate determination of SIFs is at the very heart of damage tolerance design and fatigue crack growth life prediction. The weight function method (WFM) is a powerful method for SIF‐determination involving complex load conditions. This article presents a review of the historical development over the past five decades and the current state‐of‐the‐art in three‐dimensional (3D) WFMs. The discussions are focused on the slice synthesis weight function method (SSWFM) and the point weight function method (PWFM). The powerfulness of the 3D WFMs is shown by a variety of examples with complex part‐through crack configurations under uni‐ and bi‐variant loadings. Solution accuracy is verified by comparisons of SIFs with various numerical methods. Use of the substitute geometry concept to expand the capability of 3D WFMs for solving real‐world engineering 3D crack problems is demonstrated. Some remaining challenges are briefly discussed. Highlights: This article presents a review of the historical development and the current state‐of‐the‐art in 3D WFMs.The 3D WFMs is powerful for complex part‐through crack configurations.The WFMs can solve real‐world 3D crack problems with substitute geometry concept.Some remaining challenges are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To map the themes and methods of nursing researches involving eye‐tracking as a measurement, and offer suggestion for future nursing research using eye‐tracking. Design: We conducted a scoping review following the methodology outlined in the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis on scoping reviews. Methods: Eligibility criteria were established based on Population (involving nursing or nursing students), Concept (utilizing eye‐tracking as a research method), and Context (in any setting). Articles were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus databases, spanning from database inception to November 17, 2023. The included studies were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: After duplicates were removed, 815 citations were identified from searches of electronic databases and other resources, and 66 met the inclusion criteria finally. Thirty‐eight studies were conducted in a simulated environment. Five application domains were identified, and most of the studies (N = 50) were observational. The domains found in our review did not cover all topics of nursing research in the same depth. Additionally, 39 studies did not solely explicate eye‐tracking data but instead integrated behavioural measures, scales/questionnaires, or other physiological data. Conclusions: Eye‐tracking emerges as a significant research tool in uncovering visual behaviour, particularly in nursing research focused on nursing education. This study not only summarized the application and interpretation of eye‐tracking data but also recognized its potential in advancing clinical nursing research and practice. To effectively harness the capabilities of eye‐tracking in elucidating cognitive processes, future research should aim for a clearer grasp of the theoretical underpinnings of the addressed research problems and methodological choices. It is crucial to emphasize the standardization of eye‐tracking method reporting and ensuring data quality. No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessing the glymphatic function using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) may be helpful for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management. Purpose: To assess glymphatic function using DTI‐ALPS and its associations with global white matter damage and cognitive impairment in mTBI. Study Type: Prospective. Population: Thirty‐four controls (44.1% female, mean age 49.2 years) and 58 mTBI subjects (43.1% female, mean age 48.7 years), including uncomplicated mTBI (N = 32) and complicated mTBI (N = 26). Field Strength/Sequence: 3‐T, single‐shot echo‐planar imaging sequence. Assessment: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done within 1 month since injury. DTI‐ALPS was performed to assess glymphatic function, and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) was used to assess global white matter damage. Cognitive tests included Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Digit Span Test (forward and backward). Statistical Tests: Neuroimaging findings comparisons were done between mTBI and control groups. Partial correlation and multivariable linear regression assessed the associations between DTI‐ALPS, PSMD, and cognitive impairment. Mediation effects of PSMD on the relationship between DTI‐ALPS and cognitive impairment were explored. P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant, except for cognitive correlational analyses with a Bonferroni‐corrected P‐value set at 0.05/3 ≈ 0.017. Results: mTBI showed lower DTI‐ALPS and higher PSMD, especially in complicated mTBI. DTI‐ALPS was significantly correlated with verbal memory (r = 0.566), attention abilities (r = 0.792), executive function (r = 0.618), and PSMD (r = −0.533). DTI‐ALPS was associated with verbal memory (β = 8.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.00, 12.54), attention abilities (β = 5.67, 95% CI 4.56, 6.97), executive function (β = 2.34, 95% CI 1.49, 3.20), and PSMD (β = −0.79, 95% CI −1.15, −0.43). PSMD mediated 46.29%, 20.46%, and 24.36% of the effects for the relationship between DTI‐ALPS and verbal memory, attention abilities, and executive function. Data Conclusion: Glymphatic function may be impaired in mTBI reflected by DTI‐ALPS. Glymphatic dysfunction may cause cognitive impairment related to global white matter damage after mTBI. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetrapanax papyrifer, the rice‐paper plant, is an evergreen shrub and is traditionally used as a herbal medicine in China. In October 2021, a serious leaf spot disease was extensively observed on T. papyrifer in Guizhou, China. Given the limited information available about the aetiology of this disease, isolations were performed, the morphological characteristics and multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis of the fungus associated with the disease were described, and the pathogenicity tests and Koch's postulates were completed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on T. papyrifer caused by Alternaria tenuissima in China. Among 11 fungicides tested, 10% difenoconazole WDG had the best inhibition effect in vitro with EC50 values at 0.1 μg mL−1. This study provides new information for the identification and chemical control of Alternaria leaf spot of T. papyrifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA) have an extensive role in the progression and chemoresistance of gastric cancer (GC). Deeply study the regulatory role of lncRNAs could provide potential therapeutic targets. The aim of this study is to explore the regulatory role of HOTAIR in the progression and oxaliplatin resistance of GC. The expression of HOTAIR in GC and cell lines were detected by using qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analysed by CCK‐8, EdU incorporation and flow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the interaction between HOTAIR and ABCG2 (ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) superfamily G member 2, ABCG2) via miR‐195‐5p. The regulatory functions were verified by using molecular biology experiments. HOTAIR was significantly overexpressed in GC and associated with poor prognosis. Knock‐down of HOTAIR inhibited the GC cells proliferation and oxaliplatin resistance, while overexpression of HOTAIR showed opposite functions. Further studies found that HOTAIR acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to absorb miR‐195‐5p and elevated the expression of ABCG2, which leads to resistance of GC cells to oxaliplatin. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that HOTAIR regulates ABCG2 induced resistance of GC to oxaliplatin through miR‐195‐5p signalling and illustrate the great potential of developing new therapeutic targets for GC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic gels (MOG) as new types of soft materials have shown promising applications in various fields such as chemosensors, environmental remediation, and gas adsorption/separation, owing to their high porosity, low density, and high surface area. However, the application of MOG materials in energy electrocatalysis and the active components made from them are rarely perceived. Herein, a new electrochemistry‐driven reconstruction strategy to synthesize the NiOOH/FeOOH heterostructure from MOG materials is reported. The reconstructed NiOOH/FeOOH exhibits superior oxygen evolution reaction activity and excellent stability, owing to the synergistic effect of bimetallic centers, the abundant interface between NiOOH and FeOOH, and the plentiful defects. Impressively, the activated Re–FeNi–MOG‐4 electrocatalyst displays remarkable catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 220 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 48 mV dec−1 in alkaline electrolyte, outperforming most recently reported electrocatalysts. Herein, a facile and effective electrochemical reconstruction engineering of pre‐catalysts is provided and the evolution of self‐reconstruction of MOG materials for accelerating the kinetics of the electrocatalytic process is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients frequently die from cardiac causes after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Early detection of cardiac death risk in these patients is crucial to improve clinical decision‐making and prognosis. Thus, we modeled the risk of cardiac death after irradiation for esophageal cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 37,599 esophageal cancer cases treated with radiotherapy in the SEER database between 2000 and 2018 was performed. The selected cases were randomly assigned to the model development group (n = 26,320) and model validation group (n = 11,279) at a ratio of 7:3. We identified the risk factors most commonly associated with cardiac death by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis (LASSO). The endpoints for model development and validation were 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates. The net clinical benefit of the models was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA) and concordance index (C‐index). The performance of the models was further assessed by creating a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Kaplan‐Meier (K‐M) survival analysis was performed on the probability of death. Patients were classified according to death probability thresholds. Five‐ and ten‐year survival rates for the two groups were shown using K‐M curves. Results: The major risk factors for cardiac death were age, surgery, year of diagnosis, sequence of surgery and radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a number of tumors, which were used to create the nomogram. The C‐indexes of the nomograms were 0.708 and 0.679 for the development and validation groups, respectively. DCA showed the good net clinical benefit of nomograms in predicting 5‐ and 10‐year risk of cardiac death. The model exhibited moderate predictive power for 5‐ and 10‐year cardiac mortality (AUC: 0.833 and 0.854, respectively), and for the development and validation cohorts (AUC: 0.76 and 0.813, respectively). Conclusions: Our nomogram may assist clinicians in making clinical decisions about patients undergoing radiotherapy for esophageal cancer based on early detection of cardiac death risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Some traditional pesticide formulations are inefficient, leading to excessive use and abuse of pesticides, which in turn effects environment. Intelligent release pesticide formulations are ideal for improving pesticide utilization and persistence while reducing environmental pollution. RESULTS: We designed a benzil‐modified chitosan oligosaccharide (CO‐BZ) to encapsulate avermectin (Ave). Ave@CO‐BZ nanocapsules are prepared based on a simple interfacial method via cross‐linking of CO‐BZ with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The Ave@CO‐BZ nanocapsules have an average particle size of 100 nm and exhibited a responsive release performance for ROS. The cumulative release rate of nanocapsules at 24 h with ROS increased by about 11.4% compared to that without ROS. The Ave@CO‐BZ nanocapsules displayed good photostability. Ave@CO‐BZ nanocapsules can penetrate root‐knot nematodes more easily and exhibited better nematicidal activity against root‐knot nematodes. The pot experiment showed that the control effect of Ave CS at low concentration was 53.31% at the initial stage of application (15 d), while Ave@CO‐BZ nanocapsules was 63.54%. Under the same conditions, the control effect of Ave@CO‐BZ nanocapsules on root‐knot nematodes was 60.00% after 45 days of application, while Ave EC was only 13.33%. The acute toxicity experiments of earthworms showed that the toxicity of nanocapsules was significantly lower than that of EC. CONCLUSION: The ROS‐responsive nanocapsules can improve the utilization of pesticides and non‐target biosafety. This modified chitosan oligosaccharide has great potential as a bio stimuli‐responsive material, and this simple and convenient method for preparing Ave@CO‐BZ nanocapsules provides a direction for the effective utilization of pesticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy (EBUS) and needle confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) are techniques for screening benign and malignant lesions of the hilar and mediastinal lymph node (HMLN). This study investigated the diagnostic potential of EBUS, nCLE, and combined EBUS and nCLE in HMLN lesions. We recruited 107 patients with HMLN lesions who were examined by EBUS and nCLE. A pathological examination was performed, and the diagnostic potential of EBUS, nCLE, and combined EBUS‐nCLE approach was analyzed according to the results. Among the 107 cases of HMLN lesions, 43 cases were benign and 64 cases were malignant on pathological examination, 41 cases were benign and 66 cases were malignant on EBUS examination; 42 cases were benign and 65 cases were malignant on nCLE examination; 43 cases were benign and 64 cases were malignant on combined EBUS‐nCLE examination. The combination approach had 93.8% sensitivity, 90.7% specificity, and 0.922 area under the curve, which was higher than those of EBUS (84.4%, 72.1%, and 0.782, respectively) and nCLE diagnosis (90.6%, 83.7%, and 0.872, respectively). The combination approach had a higher positive predictive value (0.908), negative predictive value (0.881), and positive likelihood ratio (10.09) than that of EBUS (0.813, 0.721, and 3.03, respectively) and nCLE (0.892, 0.857, and 5.56, respectively), whereas, the negative likelihood ratio was lower than that for EBUS (0.22) and nCLE (0.11). No serious complications occurred in patients with HMLN lesions. To summarize, the diagnostic efficacy of nCLE was better than EBUS. The EBUS‐nCLE combination is a suitable approach for diagnosing HMLN lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and reproducible method for scalable synthesis of high‐quality core/shell quantum dots (QDs) is a prerequisite to facilitate their versatile applications. Herein, a seed‐mediated heat‐up approach is developed for the preparation of high‐quality core/shell QDs with variable shell composition and continuously tunable shell thickness by selection of conventional salts as the precursors. The method is very simple and highly reproducible and, therefore, can be easily scaled up to get gram‐level product. The as‐obtained CdSe/CdS and CdSe/ZnCdS core/shell QDs exhibit intriguing optical properties, that is a narrow photoluminescence (PL) emission peak and near‐unity PL quantum yield. Importantly, the CdSe/ZnCdS core/shell QDs with a size of 11.4 nm exhibit obviously suppressed blinking behavior, and the fraction of nonblinking QDs (defined by an on‐time fraction ≥ 0.95) can reach as high as 96.0% on the measurement of more than 200 QDs. Moreover, quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) based on CdSe/ZnCdS core/shell QDs show a peak external quantum efficiency of 14.8% and low efficiency roll‐off at luminance ranging from 1000 to 25 000 cd·m−2. It is anticipated that the presented work will pave a novel way for the large‐scale production of high‐quality QDs and further boost their applications in light‐emitting diodes, lasing, and biological imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis of cancer treatment‐related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is important as cancer therapy increases the risk of cardiac dysfunction. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) is a highly specific marker of myocardial injury. However, its diagnostic value for CTRCD has not been systematically evaluated. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate whether hs‐cTnT could be used as an early diagnostic biomarker for CTRCD. We systematically surveyed PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for studies of hs‐cTnT for the diagnosis of CTRCD before 1 April 2022. Patients of all ages and all cancer types who underwent echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction assessment and blood hs‐cTnT and received anticancer therapy (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other treatments) were included in this study, resulting in a total of eight studies with 1294 patients. The occurrence of CTRCD was associated with elevated hs‐cTnT [sensitivity: 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–0.88; specificity: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.86; area under the curve (AUC): 0.83, 95% CI: 0.80–0.86]. We further performed subgroup analysis and found that the AUC of hs‐cTnT elevation for the diagnosis of CTRCD increased from 0.83 to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.92) at 3–6 months, suggesting a higher early diagnostic value of hs‐cTnT compared with echocardiography for CTRCD. In terms of clinical applicability, the Fagan plot showed pre‐test and post‐test probabilities of 51% and 9%, respectively, indicating that hs‐cTnT testing can improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of CTRCD. However, it was not possible to determine the optimal cut‐off value for early diagnosis of CTRCD with hs‐cTnT. The Deeks funnel plot was largely symmetrical (P = 0.74); hence, publication bias was not observed. Hs‐cTnT allowed early CTRCD diagnosis at 3–6 months. However, further high‐quality research is needed to determine the optimal cut‐off value for early CTRCD diagnosis with this biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional protein engineering methods for modifying protein nanopores are typically limited to 20 natural amino acids, which restrict the diversity of the nanopores in structure and function. To enrich the chemical environment inside the nanopore, we employed the genetic code expansion (GCE) technique to site‐specifically incorporate the unnatural amino acid (UAA) into the sensing region of aerolysin nanopores. This approach leveraged the efficient pyrrolysine‐based aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase‐tRNA pair for a high yield of pore‐forming protein. Both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and single‐molecule sensing experiments demonstrated that the conformation of UAA residues provided a favorable geometric orientation for the interactions of target molecules and the pore. This rationally designed chemical environment enabled the direct discrimination of multiple peptides containing hydrophobic amino acids. Our work provides a new framework for endowing nanopores with unique sensing properties that are difficult to achieve using classical protein engineering approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Locoregional recurrence is of high risk and is associated with a poor prognosis in terms of OS for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Local control is essential for radical cure of NSCLC. Previous studies have investigated the clinicopathological risk factors for locoregional recurrence, but the genomic biomarkers associated with locoregional recurrence have been inadequately studied. Methods: A total of 118 patients who underwent tumor resection with mutation‐detected tumor specimens were included. Tumor samples at surgery and pretreatment/postoperative blood samples were collected for mutational profiling. Results: Among 48 patients with disease recurrence, 46% developed locoregional recurrence (LR) and 75% developed distant metastasis (DM). The 3‐year actuarial risk of LR and DM was 25% and 43%, respectively. The first sites of failure were locoregional only (29%), locoregional and distant (10%), and distant only (61%). Patients with LR showed significantly higher ctDNA level than those with only DM at the time of initial recurrence. On multivariate analysis of baseline risk factors, the presence of allele frequency heterogeneity and baseline ctDNA shedding were found to be independently associated with a higher risk of LR. Patients with disruptive TP53 mutations had significantly lower LR‐free survival as compared to patients with wild‐type TP53 or nondisruptive mutations. EGFR mutations showed a favorable prognostic value for LR and is not induced by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Both disruptive TP53 mutation and EGFR mutation remained the significant prognostic factor after adjustment for histological type, pathologic nodal stage and adjuvant therapy. Conclusions: Nearly half of disease recurrences after surgery for NSCC involved locoregional sites. We identified genomic biomarkers from baseline tumor and ctDNA samples which showed promising prognostic value for LR only. This can help identify patients who had a higher risk of locoregional recurrence regardless of the risk of distant metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanopipette, which is fabricated by glasses and possesses a nanoscale pore in the tip, has been proven to be immensely useful in electrochemical analysis. Numerous nanopipette‐based sensors have emerged with improved sensitivity, selectivity, ease of use, and miniaturization. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the recent developments of nanopipette‐based electrochemical sensors based on different types of nanopipettes, including single‐nanopipettes, self‐referenced nanopipettes, dual‐nanopipettes, and double‐barrel nanopipettes. Several important modification materials for nanopipette functionalization are highlighted, such as conductive materials, macromolecular materials, and functional molecules. These materials can improve the sensing performance and targeting specificities of nanopipettes. We also discuss examples of related applications and the future development of nanopipette‐based strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (EBP) is a rare variant of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa caused by COL7A1 gene mutation. Intense pruritus and nodular prurigo‐like lesions are the main features of the disease. To date, the treatment strategies for this condition are not well established. Recent studies have indicated that type 2 inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of EBP, suggesting Th2 cytokines could be potential therapeutic targets. In this prospective case series study, we reported three patients with EBP, diagnosed by clinical manifestations, histopathological evaluations, and genetic sequencing, two of whom were treated with dupilumab for 20 weeks. Results showed that the clinical symptoms, pruritus, and quality of life of the patients were significantly improved, as measured by the Epidermolysis Bullosa Disease Activity and Scarring Index, the Visual Analog Scale, and the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index. Serum immunoglobulin E levels also fell gradually over the 20‐week treatment period. Immunotyping of Th1/2/17 cell subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometry revealed a higher Th2 but parallel Th1 and Th17 cell subsets in patients compared to healthy controls, and a significant decrease in Th2 and an increase in Th17 cells after dupilumab administration. Of note, after 20 weeks of dupilumab treatment, the expression of type VII collagen in the basement membrane of the skin lesion of the patients significantly increased, which was evidenced by immunofluorescence analysis. No treatment‐related adverse events were documented. Taken together, targeting type 2 inflammation with dupilumab may be an effective and safe treatment option for EBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal phases are essential to the physicochemical properties and functionalities of materials. Copper selenide has emerged as an important and appealing semiconductor, which can exist in a variety of polymorphic phases. However, the richness of polymorphs also makes it a challenge to the direct preparation of copper selenide nanocrystals with tunable phases. Herein, two polymorphs, that is, quasi‐tetragonal Cu2−xSe nanocubes and metastable wurtzite Cu2Se nanodisks, are successfully synthesized by using a single precursor, copper(I) selenocyanate (CuSeCN), as the Cu and Se sources. The key to phase modulation is the optimal choice of the ligand in the synthesis. The as‐prepared nanocrystals possess different morphologies and compositions, giving rise to distinct optical properties and electrical conductivities. Interestingly, the copper selenide nanocrystals can provide a platform for the rational construction of two types of amorphous hollow Au─Cu─Se nanostructures by reaction with Au(I) precursor, in which their final shapes are well kept as that of the original nanocrystal templates. This work provides an easy strategy for the phase‐controlled synthesis of copper selenide nanocrystals and enables the design of new materials for broad applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Plant diseases worsen the threat of food shortage with the growing global population, and disease recognition is the basis for the effective prevention and control of plant diseases. Deep learning has made significant breakthroughs in the field of plant disease recognition. Compared with traditional deep learning, meta‐learning can still maintain more than 90% accuracy in disease recognition with small samples. However, there is no comprehensive review on the application of meta‐learning in plant disease recognition. Here, we mainly summarize the functions, advantages, and limitations of meta‐learning research methods and their applications for plant disease recognition with a few data scenarios. Finally, we outline several research avenues for utilizing current and future meta‐learning in plant science. This review may help plant science researchers obtain faster, more accurate, and more credible solutions through deep learning with fewer labeled samples. Significance Statement: This paper focuses on the research related to meta‐learning based plant disease recognition with few samples. With the significant progress in deep‐learning based plant disease detection, disease diagnose is gradually intelligent. However, traditional deep‐learning has limited the existing research development because of the great demand for samples, time and effort consumption, and the lack of migration between models. Furthermore, traditional deep‐learning faces the time‐consuming and labor‐intensive nature of the available samples and the lack of transferability between models. The emergence of meta‐learning methods has solved the problem of sample annotation arising from the huge sample size, and strong feature‐extracting ability, which may be an essential tool for future crop phenotype research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐C*07:1089 differs from HLA‐C*07:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large fragment deletion (LFD) of EGFR was associated with carcinogenesis in many types of cancers. However, the molecular features of EGFR‐LFD have not been studied in the Asian cancer population. Method: Here we retrospectively analyzed the targeted sequencing data from a large cancer database. Results: EGFR‐LFD was detected at a frequency of 0.03% with EGFRvIII being the most frequently observed LFD. TERTp variants were identified in 60% of the cases. TP53 alterations (33%) were mutually exclusive with TERTp variants and coexisted with EGFR‐LFD in lung cancer and colorectal cancer. EGFR amplification (67%) and chromosome 10p deletion (53%) were the most focal‐level and arm‐level CNV in this cohort. EGFR exon2–17 skipping was found in the tumor tissue of one patient after progressing on osimertinib. Conclusion: Our study provided valuable insights into the distribution and molecular characteristics of EGFR‐LFD, hoping to shed light on the treatment management for EGFR‐LFD carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classification of multifocal lung adenocarcinomas (MLAs), including multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas (MPLAs) and intrapulmonary metastases (IPMs), has great clinical significance in staging and treatment determination. However, the application of molecular approaches in pN0M0 MLA diagnosis has not been well investigated. Here, we performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis in 45 pN0M0 MLA patients (101 lesion pairs) who were initially diagnosed as having MPLA by comprehensive histologic assessment (CHA). Five additional patients with intrathoracic metastases were used as positive controls, while 197 patients with unifocal lung adenocarcinomas (425 random lesion pairs) were used as negative controls. By utilizing a predefined NGS criterion, all IPMs in the positive control group could be accurately classified, whereas 13 lesion pairs (3.1%) in the negative control cohort were misdiagnosed as IPMs. Additionally, 14 IPM lesion pairs were diagnosed in the study group, with at least 7 misdiagnoses. We thus developed a refined algorithm, incorporating both NGS and histologic results, that could correctly diagnose all the known MPLAs and IPMs. In particular, all IPMs identified by the refined algorithm were diagnosed to be IPMs or suspected IPMs by CHA reassessment. The refined algorithm‐diagnosed MPLAs patients also had significantly better progression‐free survival than the refined algorithm‐diagnosed IPMs (p < 0.0001), which is superior to conventional NGS or CHA diagnoses. Overall, we developed an NGS‐based algorithm that could accurately distinguish IPMs from MPLAs in MLA patients. Our results demonstrate a promising clinical utility of NGS to complement traditional CHA‐based MLA diagnosis and help determine patient staging and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kinase domain duplications (KDDs) have recently been recognized as oncogenic mutations and possible association with drug resistance in cancers. Method: Here, targeted sequencing was performed with the tumor tissue and/or plasma from 65 cancer patients with KDDs. Result: Intact KDDs were identified in approximately 0.1% of the total population across multiple cancer types. EGFR KDD was first identified in colorectal cancer and breast cancer, whereas FGFR2 KDD was first identified in gastric cancer. Tumors with EGFR KDD displayed lower concurrent TP53 gene alterations (p = 0.03) and slightly higher chromosome instability (p = 0.27) compared to tumors with non‐EGFR‐KDDs. Immune pathway analysis further revealed the enrichment of the cytokine receptors pathway (93%) in the KDD carriers. Hyperprogression‐related gene mutations were identified in four cases. Conclusion: Collectively, our data revealed the genomic features of KDD alterations in a multi‐cancer cohort, providing more information for the potential treatment application in the KDD carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The aim was to evaluate the potential of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) measured with optical coherence tomography in predicting disease progression in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: Analyses were conducted post hoc of this 24‐month, phase III, double‐blind study, in which RRMS patients were randomized (1:1:1) to once daily oral fingolimod 0.5 mg, 1.25 mg or placebo. The key outcomes were the association between baseline RNFLT and baseline clinical characteristics and clinical/imaging outcomes up to 24 months. Change of RNFLT with fingolimod versus placebo within 24 months and time to retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning were evaluated. Results: Altogether 885 patients were included. At baseline, lower RNFLT was correlated with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale score (r = −1.085, p = 0.018), lower brain volume (r = 0.025, p = 0.006) and deep gray matter volume (r = 0.731, p < 0.0001), worse visual acuity (r = −19.846, p < 0.0001) and longer duration since diagnosis (r = −0.258, p = 0.018). At month 12, low baseline RNFLT (<86 μm) versus high baseline RNFLT (≥99 μm) was associated with a greater brain volume loss (percentage change −0.605% vs. −0.315%, p = 0.035) in patients without optic neuritis history. At month 24, low baseline RNFLT versus high baseline RNFLT was associated with a higher number of new or newly enlarged T2 lesions (mean number 4.0 vs. 2.8, p = 0.014) and a higher risk of subsequent RNFL thinning (hazard ratio 2.55; 95% confidence interval 1.84–3.53; p < 0.001). The atrophy of the RNFL in the inferior quadrant was alleviated with fingolimod 0.5 mg versus placebo at month 24 (Δ(least squares mean) = 1.8, p = 0.047). Conclusion: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness could predict disease progression in RRMS. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00355134, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00355134. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare solid malignant tumor with numerous histologic subtypes. Current studies on targeted therapy for STS are in preclinical and early‐phase trials. Genomic differences largely influence the prognosis of patients even with the same subtype. To investigate the genomic alterations (GAs) and the potential of targeted therapy in STS, we analyzed the genomic landscape, the therapeutic GAs, and biomarkers of immunotherapy in Chinese STS patients. Methods: Targeted sequencing covering 425 genes was performed, from which we obtained the results of tissue samples from 351 Chinese STS patients of all ages covering different histologic subtypes. Bioinformatics analysis of altered genes with nonsynonymous mutations, copy‐number variations, and gene fusions were performed. OncoKB therapeutic GAs and relevant biomarkers including TMB, MSI, and HRD were further examined for potential targeted therapy. Results: In total, 2743 GAs were identified in 330 genes with a median of 6 (1–38) per case. The top 11 frequently altered genes were: TP53, MCL1, MDM2, CDK4, MYC, CDKN2A, GNAS, RB1, ATRX, CDKN2B, and FGFR1. OncoKB defined therapeutic GAs were found in 23 genes in 43% of the patients. In general, 9.4% of the patients had high‐TMB, 2.8% had MSI, and 13.7% had HRD. A significant difference in the percentage of patients with OncoKB therapeutic GAs were observed between the most frequent two subtypes, leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. Altogether, 54% of the patients had the potential to respond to a targeted therapy. Conclusion: This study indicated the potential efficacy of targeted therapy on many STS patients, and also provided insight for novel precision therapy. The clinical efficacy of combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy can be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of ethane (C2H6)‐selective adsorbents for ethylene (C2H4) purification, although challenging, is of prime industrial importance. Pillared‐layer metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) possess facilely tunable pore structure and functionality, which means they have excellent potential for high‐performance C2H6/C2H4 separation applications. Herein, we report a family of isostructural pillared‐layer MOFs with various metal centers M and co‐ligands L, M2(D‐cam)4L2 (denoted M‐cam‐L; M = Cu, Co, Ni; L = pyz, apyz, dabco), with a variety of pore surface properties. All of the M‐cam‐L materials exhibit preferential adsorption for C2H6 over C2H4. In particular, Ni‐cam‐pyz exhibits the highest C2H6 capture capacity (68.75 cm3 g−1 at 1 bar and 298 K), Cu‐cam‐dabco possesses the greatest C2H6/C2H4 adsorption selectivity (2.3), and the lowest isosteric heat of adsorption is demonstrated for Cu‐cam‐pyz (20.1 kJ mol−1). Dynamic column breakthrough experiments also confirmed the excellent separation performance of M‐cam‐pyz and M‐cam‐dabco materials. The synthesis route of the M‐cam‐L materials is easily scaled‐up under laboratory conditions, and hence this class of MOFs is promising for practical C2H4 purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic coupling between a metal electrode and single nano‐entities is of unfading significance which impacts the heterogeneous electron transfer. Herein, we demonstrated a simple optical technique for directly imaging the transient interfacial electronic coupling events during electrochemical oxidation of single Ag nanoparticles on Au electrode. The electronic coupling brings out a dramatic dip behavior of bright field imaging traces, and is conductive to cross the energy barrier of oxidation for single silver nanoparticles. This dip behavior is further verified by in situ vis‐transmission spectroscopy, and the heterogeneity of the Au−Ag electronic coupling down to single‐nanoparticle level is uncovered by unifying the morphology and size of individual silver nanoparticles. These results suggest the interfacial electronic coupling facilitates electron transfer of single nanoparticles, and provide important insight into understanding detailed mechanism of nanoelectrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) offer a key for morphological diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) and are the foundation of oncoimmunology. To date, no reports have found a specific risk stratification value of TILs and related it to genomic variation in LELC. Based on the stromal TILs (str‐TILs) ratio, we classified 105 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated LELC cases into two subtypes: patients with ≥60% str‐TILs area ratio in tumor were classified as subtype I, and otherwise as subtype II. Subtype I patients had significantly better progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We also explored the genomic characteristics of EBV‐associated LELC within different involved organs. We performed whole‐exome sequencing for 51 patients with enough tissue and analyzed the genomic characteristics of EBV‐associated LELC. Overall, EBV‐associated LELCs were characterized by a low somatic mutation rate and copy number variations; the enriched genetic lesions affected RTK‐RAS, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways. Moreover, EBV‐associated LELCs from different organs were more similar to each other genetically as compared with other traditional carcinomas of the same sites―as evidenced by unsupervised clustering based on the quantitative data from both mutation signature and chromosomal aneuploidies. Notably, EBV‐associated LELC patients with oncogenic driver alterations showed a worse prognosis compared with patients without such alterations. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although resistance to poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) has gradually become a major challenge in the maintenance therapy for high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), there are no universal indicators for resistance monitoring in patients. A key resistance mechanism to PARPi is the restoration of homologous recombination repair (HRR), including BRCA reversion mutations and changes in DNA damage repair proteins. To explore mutation profiles associated with PARPi resistance, we undertook targeted 42‐gene deep sequencing of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from HGSOC patients pre‐ and post‐treatment with olaparib maintenance therapy. We found that pathogenic germline mutations in the HRR pathway, including BRCA1/2, were strongly associated with improved clinical outcomes, and newly acquired MRE11A mutations significantly shortened the progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients. Furthermore, dynamic fluctuations of somatic mutation sites in CHEK2:p.K373E and CHEK2:p.R406H can be used for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of patients. MRE11A:p.K464R might be a vital driving factor of olaparib resistance, as patients with newly acquired MRE11A:p.K464R in post‐treatment cfDNA had significantly shorter PFS than those without it. These findings provide potential noninvasive biomarkers for efficacy evaluation and resistance monitoring of olaparib treatment, and lay the foundation for developing combination treatment after olaparib resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion provides a possible way to address problems associated with the greenhouse effect; however, developing low‐cost electrocatalysts to mediate high‐efficiency CO2 reduction remains a challenge on account of the limited understanding of the nature of the real active sites. Herein, we reveal the Znδ+ metalloid sites as the real active sites of stable nonstoichiometric ZnOx structure derived from Zn2P2O7 through operando X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis in conjunction with evolutionary‐algorithm‐based global optimization. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that Znδ+ metalloid active sites could facilitate the activation of CO2 and the hydrogenation of *CO2, thus accelerating the CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Our work establishes a critical fundamental understanding of the origin of the real active center in the zinc‐based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TRK fusions are rare but targetable mutations which occur across a wide variety of cancer types. We report the prevalence of approximately 0.7% for NTRK‐positive colorectal cancer (CRC) by genetically profiling 2519 colonic and rectal tumors. The aberrations of APC and TP53 frequently co‐occurred with NTRK gene fusions, whereas RAS/BRAF oncogenic alterations and NTRK fusions were almost always mutually exclusive. NTRK‐driven colorectal cancer patients demonstrated increased TMB (median = 53 mut/MB, 95% CI: 36.8–68.0 mut/MB), high microsatellite instability, and an enrichment for POLE/POLD1 mutations when compared to molecularly unstratified colorectal cancer population. These data shed light on possible future approach of multimodality treatment regimen including TRK‐targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in NTRK‐positive CRCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoralidin (PSO) is a natural phenolic coumarin extracted from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. Growing preclinical evidence indicates that PSO has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐vitiligo, anti‐bacterial, and anti‐viral effects. Growth arrest‐specific gene 6 (GAS6) and its receptor, Axl, modulate cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, survival, proliferation, migration, and mitogenesis. Notably, the neuroprotective role of the GAS6/Axl axis has been identified in previous studies. We hypothesize that PSO ameliorates cerebral hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury via activating the GAS6/Axl signaling. We first confirmed that PSO was not toxic to the cells and upregulated GAS6 and Axl expression after HR injury. Moreover, PSO exerted a marked neuroprotective effect against HR injury, represented by restored cell viability and cell morphology, decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, PSO pretreatment also elevated the levels of nuclear factor‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone‐1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCl2) both in the condition of baseline and HR injury. However, GAS6 siRNA or Axl siRNA inhibited the neuroprotective effects of PSO. Our findings suggest that PSO pretreatment attenuated HR‐induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuroblastoma cells through the activation of GAS6/Axl signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good patient–provider communication and high level of trust can decrease patients' risk perception and promote their acceptability of medical risks.The extent to which communication can be effective may be distinguished by different levels of trust. The present study examined the effect of patient–provider communication and treatment outcome on patients' risk awareness, and explored the moderating effect of trust. This research adopted a paper‐based scenario experiment with a 2 (communication: good vs. poor) × 2 (treatment outcome: good vs. poor) between‐subjects design. Three hundred sixteen college students were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to four groups and instructed to read more information about the two independent variables. Finally, all participants finished the manipulation check (eight items), affect‐ and cognition‐based trust scales (10 items), and risk awareness scales (eight items) by questionnaire. The results showed the positive interaction effects between communication and treatment outcome on patients' acceptance of uncertainties. Affect‐ and cognition‐based trust had similar moderating mechanisms on the interaction effect of communication and treatment outcome on uncertainty acceptability, and different moderating mechanisms on patient risk perception. In clinical work, we should develop the strategy to improve patien–provider communication and trust to improve patients' acceptability of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used to improve the efficiency of pesticide applications. Low‐volume spraying operations require more efficient deposition of droplets on the target surface. Therefore, pesticide deposition and retention on plant surfaces is a serious challenge for modern precision agriculture. Tank‐mix adjuvants have been used to improve spray dilutions performance; however, their effects on the physicochemical properties of spray dilutions, dosage delivery, and pesticide dosage are unclear. RESULTS: Tank‐mix adjuvant 8860 significantly improved the physicochemical properties of spray dilutions, inhibited spray droplets rebound, improved the wetting and spreading performance of spray dilutions on wheat leaves, and increased the effective deposition of tebuconazole on wheat leaves. Even when its dosage was reduced by one‐third, the spray solution still showed excellent disease control and effective deposition of the active ingredient on wheat leaves. CONCLUSION: The use of appropriate tank‐mix adjuvants in UAV‐based plant protection for wheat can significantly improve the performance of spray dilutions, increase the efficiency of pesticide dosage delivery, and improve disease control. These adjuvants can also help reduce the pesticide use while ensuring their effectiveness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate the clinical value and characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using flow cytometry. Methods: The absolute counts of T, CD4+T, CD8+T, natural killer (NK), NKT and B lymphocytes in 217 cases of PTB were detected, and the variations in lymphocyte subset counts between different ages and genders and between aetiological detection results and chest radiography results were analysed. Results: In 75.3% of the patients with PTB, six subset counts were lower than the normal reference range, and 44% showed lower‐than‐normal CD4+T lymphocyte levels. The counts of T, CD4+T, CD8+T and B lymphocytes were significantly lower in patients aged >60 years, and the NKT cell counts were significantly lower in female patients than in male patients. Among the patients with positive aetiological results, 40.8% had reduced CD8+T counts; these were significantly lower than those in patients with negative aetiological results (P = 0.0295). The cell counts of T, CD4+T, CD8+T and B lymphocytes reduced as lesion lobe numbers increased. The counts of T, CD4+T and CD8+T lymphocytes were significantly higher in the group with lesions affecting one lobe than in the groups with two to three lobes or four to five lobes, and the counts of B lymphocytes were significantly higher in the group with one lobe and the group with two to three lobes than in the group with four to five lobes. The counts of CD4+T and CD8+T lymphocytes were highest in the no cavity group and showed a downward trend with the increase in cavities; the T lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the no cavity group than in the group with five or more cavities (P = 0.014), and the CD8+T lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the no cavity group than in the group with one to two cavities and the group with five or more cavities (P = 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: In most patients with tuberculosis, immune function is impaired. The absolute counts of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets are closely related to the aetiological results and lesion severity in patients with PTB; this could be used as evidence for immune intervention and monitoring curative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]