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China accounted for 45.3% of new cases of primary liver cancer (PLC) worldwide in 2020. While variations in PLC incidence between different regions of China and decreasing incidence in overall China have been reported, incidence patterns have not been thoroughly explored by region. We examined the nearly status and temporal trends of PLC incidence in different geographical regions in China and project future trends. The age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR) was estimated for 1978 to 2012 by different geographical regions and gender in China. Age‐period‐cohort model was adopted to evaluate age and birth cohort effects on the temporal trend of five registries of China (Hong Kong, Shanghai, Jiashan, Harbin and Zhongshan), Bayesian age‐period‐cohort model was adopted to project future trends for 2013 to 2032. PLC incidence in China exhibits marked geographical disparity, with the highest incidence in Southwest China, and gender differences being particularly pronounced in South China. While other registries exhibited decreasing trend, Zhongshan exhibited an increasing trend, with the cohort effect showing a marked upward trend for females born in 1916 to 1949 and males born in 1916 to 1962. During 2013 to 2032, the ASR appears to increase by 86.9% for men and 40.0% for women in Zhongshan, while the remaining registries will decline by around 50%. Since the high incidence of hepatitis B virus infection in early birth cohort, recent rise of nonviral risk factors and the severe aging of the Chinese population, it may be critical to tailor future prevention and control strategies for PLC to the distribution of risk factors in different geographical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM, OMIM 308840) gene is primarily expressed in the nervous system and encodes the L1 adhesion molecule protein. Variations in L1CAM cause a wide spectrum of X‐linked neurological disorders summarized as the L1 syndrome. Methods: We report a 29‐year‐old pregnant woman who experienced multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes due to recurrent fetal hydrocephalus with an X‐linked recessive inheritance. Genomic DNA was extracted from the third aborted male fetus and analyzed via trio whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Total RNA was isolated from the pregnant woman to assess splicing variation at the mRNA level, and amniotic fluid was extracted from the woman for prenatal diagnosis on her fourth fetus. Results: All four male fetuses were affected by severe hydrocephalus. We identified a maternally derived hemizygous splicing variation NM_000425.5:[c.3046 + 1G > A]; NP_000416.1 p.(Gly1016AspfsTer6) (chrX:153130275) in Intron 22 of the L1CAM. This variation disrupts the donor splice site and causes the retention of Intron 22, which results in frame shift and a premature termination codon at position 1021 with the ability to produce a truncated protein without the fifth fibronectin‐repeat III, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains or to induce the degradation of mRNAs by nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. The same hemizygous variant was also detected in the amniocytes. Conclusion: This report enhances our knowledge of genetic and phenotypic characteristics of X‐linked fetal hydrocephalus, providing a new genetic basis for prenatal diagnosis and pre‐implantation prenatal diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feasible and umpolung strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse β-amino ketones has been achieved through TEMPO mediated C-N coupling of cyclopropanols with nitrogen nucleophiles. Mechanism studies indicated that in situ generated enones derived from cyclopropanols are the key intermediates and TEMPO play multiple roles, including radical initiator, trapping reagent, a porter of β-hydrogen and an in situ base. This protocol features broad substrate scope, good scalability and good to excellent yields and provides an alternative and complementary approach to the synthesis of structurally important β-amino ketone scaffolds under metal and additive-free conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many studies have attempted to reconstruct millennial‐scale hurricane patterns using various proxy‐based methods, it is still unclear what the most effective proxies are to identify storm surge deposits in different environmental settings. This study quantitatively compares the application of grain‐size, loss‐on‐ignition, stable isotopes, X‐ray fluorescence, and palynological proxies in paleotempestology from an organic‐rich environment in the Florida Everglades. The nonparametric tests indicate that only 9 among the 27 parameters (mean diameter, %water, %organic, %carbonate, Ca, Sr, Ca/Ti, Cl/Br, and marine microfossils) exhibited significant differences between storm‐surge and in situ deposits. The principal component analysis shows that five marine indicators (Sr, Ca, Ca/Ti, %Carbonate, and Marine microfossils) have the closest association with the allochthonous samples, while Cl/Br and Mz are the most sensitive proxies in low‐ and high‐energy environments, respectively. Moreover, organic geochemical proxies (e.g., δ13C and δ15N of bulk sedimentary organic matter) are ineffective for identifying storm‐surge deposits in organic‐rich mangrove environments. Plain Language Summary: To help objectively identify the occurrence of storm‐surge deposits in coastal sediment cores, this study uses a statistical approach to evaluate the effectiveness of 27 widely used sedimentological, organic and inorganic geochemical, and biological parameters in distinguishing allochthonous deposits from autochthonous deposits in an organic‐rich environment in the Florida Everglades. The results show that Ca, Sr, Ca/Ti, and marine microfossil are four of the most sensitive parameters to distinguish storm‐surge deposits in organic‐rich environments in south Florida. In addition, Cl/Br can be used to indicate storm surge inundation in further inland and lower‐energy environments. Moreover, organic geochemical proxies cannot effectively distinguish storm‐surge deposits from in situ deposits in mangrove‐dominated coastal zones. Future studies need to explore the use of more specific organic geochemical proxies (e.g., biomarker) in mangrove‐dominated environments and evaluate the effective proxies in detecting storm deposits from sandy, deltaic/estuarine, and nontropical coastal environments. Key Points: Ca, Sr, Ca/Ti, and marine microfossil are the most sensitive parameters to identify storm‐surge deposits in organic‐rich environmentsCl/Br can be used to indicate storm surge inundation in further inland and lower energy environmentsOrganic geochemical proxies cannot effectively distinguish storm‐surge deposits from in situ deposits in mangrove‐dominated coastal zones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used seismic data recorded at local and teleseismic distances to analyze the May 22, 2021 Mw 7.3 Madoi, China earthquake sequence, which occurred along a low‐slip‐rate (0.3–1.0 mm/yr) and small‐cumulative‐displacement (4–5 km) fault—the Kunlun Mountain Pass‐Jiangcuo Fault (KMPJF). We first restored the clipped waveforms recorded at local distances, and obtained more accurate phase arrivals for relocating the earthquake sequence. The relocated earthquakes illuminate a ∼170 km‐long complex northwest‐southeast (NW‐SE) striking ruptured fault with apparent bifurcated ends at both tips and variations in dip angles along strike. We further performed backprojection analyses to image the rupture process of the mainshock using seismic data recorded at four teleseismic arrays (Europe, Australia and Southeast Asia, Japan, and Alaska). The results show that the earthquake propagated bilaterally in the NW and SE directions with maximum rupture speeds of ∼4.0 km/s. This observation was further refined by multiple array backprojections onto the fault that was determined by the fine relocations of the earthquake sequence. Synthetic and realistic tests validated the resolutions of the backprojection analyses (within 5–20 km). The fast supershear rupture speeds were only transient but exhibited spatial correlation with the geometric complexities of the KMPJF. This suggests that the transient supershear ruptures are due to the varying geometry of the KMPJF, which is likely an immature fault. Our results suggest that the potential for supershear ruptures along immature strike‐slip faults should be emphasized in earthquake hazard assessment. Plain Language Summary: On May 22, 2021 (local time), an Mw 7.3 earthquake occurred in Madoi County, Qinghai province and on the Kunlun Mountain Pass‐Jiangcuo Fault (KMPJF) in the Bayan Har block of the Tibetan Plateau. We examined the earthquake sequence with high‐resolution relocation of aftershocks and backprojection analyses using seismic data recorded at local distances, and four regional arrays in Europe, Australia and Southeast Asia, Japan, and Alaska. The relocated earthquakes indicate a ∼170 km‐long complex NW‐SE striking rupture, with bifurcation at both ends and variations of dips along the fault. Backprojection analyses show several episodes of transient supershear ruptures that corresponded to the segmentation of the KMPJF. This segmentation, along with the low slip rate of 0.3–1.0 mm/yr and small cumulative displacement of 4–5 km, implies that the KMPJF is an immature fault. If so, this might be the first example of transient supershear ruptures along an immature strike‐slip fault. Supershear ruptures could generate strong ground motion and cause extensive damage surrounding the ruptured faults. Previously, supershear ruptures were considered to occur mainly along straight and mature strike‐slip faults. Yet, our results suggest that the potential for supershear ruptures along immature strike‐slip faults should also be emphasized in earthquake hazard assessment. Key Points: Relocated aftershocks for the Madoi earthquake delineate a ∼170 km‐long NW‐SE striking fault with variations of dips along strikeBackprojection analyses show that the mainshock propagated bilaterally in the NW and SE directions with a maximum speed of ∼4.0 km/sThe Madoi earthquake is the first known example of transient supershear rupture along a presumed immature strike‐slip fault [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to biocompatibility and similar extracellular matrix structure, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofiber membranes are an essential medical dressing. However, the phase separation of the PVA/PEO composite system will occur within a short time. It severely limits the continuous preparation of PVA/PEO nanofiber membranes. To make PVA/PEO composite system maintain compatibility, a novel polyvinyl alcohol‐allyl polyethylene glycol (PVA‐g‐APEG) graft copolymer with phase change, compatibilization and biocompatibility was prepared successfully. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) prove that the copolymerization and alcoholysis reaction allyl polyethylene glycol (APEG) and vinyl acetate (VAc) successfully obtained PVA‐g‐APEG graft copolymer. The prepared PVA‐g‐APEG not only has electrospinability but can effectively prevent the phase separation of PVA/PEO composite system, which ensures the continuity of electrospinning in the industry. Additionally, the feasibility of the PVA‐g‐APEG compatibilized PVA/PEO composite system for application in biomedical was verified through the preparation and various assessments of PVA‐g‐APEG/PVA/PEO nanofiber dressings. The prepared PVA‐g‐APEG is beneficial to the PVA/PEO composite system to broaden its application in biomedical and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat stripe rust is an important disease and can seriously threaten wheat production. The most economical, safe and effective approach to manage this disease is to breed and deploy resistant varieties. Sifangmai is a Chinese wheat landrace and maintained adequate resistance to the Chinese stripe rust races. In order to decipher genetic bases of resistance in Sifangmai, the F1, F2 and F2:3 of the cross Sifangmai/Taichung 29 were tested at adult stage with race CYR32. Genetic analysis revealed that resistance in Sifangmai was controlled by a single dominant gene named as YrSF. Six SSR on chromosome 5BS showed polymorphism among 'Taichung 29', Sifangmai, and resistant and susceptible bulks. Chinese Spring nulli‐tetrasomic and monosomic lines were confirmed YrSF on chromosome 5B. A linkage map of YrSF was constructed and the closely linked marker to YrSF was Xgpw8015 with 1.8 cM. Based on the comparisons of resistance infection type, pedigree analysis, gene origin and chromosomal position of previously reported Yr genes on chromosome 5B, YrSF is different from these known genes and is likely a novel gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the improvements in laboratory testing procedures and the quality and safety management for large‐scale population screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Methods: Because of epidemic prevention and control needs in Hebei Province, on January 7, 2021, the Health Commission of Zhejiang Province sent a medical team to Hebei Province, to carry out SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid testing. Screening for the SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid test was performed using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Practical tests and repeated process optimization were adopted to explore the optimal solution for improving laboratory testing procedures and the quality of and safety management for large‐scale population screening for SARS‐CoV‐2. Results: The Zhejiang medical team completed 250,000 pooled SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid samples in 24 days in Shijiazhuang, with a peak daily testing capacity of 40,246 samples testing. There were no false‐negative or false‐positive results, and no laboratory personnel was infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Significant achievements have been made in SARS‐CoV‐2 prevention and control. Conclusions: This report summarizes the effort of the medical team regarding their management of the quality and safety of laboratory tests and proposes corresponding empirical recommendations to provide a reference for future large‐scale population screening SARS‐CoV‐2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface albedo over the ice‐covered polar ocean is decreased in a highly idealized numerical experiment, which leads to stronger (weaker) warming at high (low) latitudes, and forms Arctic amplification. With stronger warming at both high and low latitudes, the meridional temperature gradient decreases (increases) at midlatitudes (subtropical regions). A cyclonic wind anomaly appears and results in a weak Kuroshio current and warm interdecadal Pacific Oscillation phase. In response to Arctic‐amplified‐warming, the subtropical high weakens, leading to summer monsoon anomaly on its southside and increased westward transport of water vapor, resulting in a seesaw pattern: dry (wet) conditions in summer in North China (southwest United States, SWUS). In winter, the East Asian trough (North American high) decreases and induces decreased (increased) cold air transport to North China (SWUS) in response to Arctic‐amplified‐warming, which makes rain unlikely (likely) and exhibits a seesaw pattern. Moisture convergence always appears in a warmer SWUS winter, and increases precipitation there, which strengthens (counteracts) the precipitation anomaly led by the North American high in a warm (cold) interdecadal Pacific Oscillation phase. It may even shut down the seesaw pattern in winter in the cold interdecadal Pacific Oscillation phase. Plain Language Summary: Polar warming led by smaller surface albedo decreases oceanic circulation and oceanic heat transport while enhancing atmospheric circulation and atmospheric heat transport, resulting in global warming, which could also be achieved by increased carbon dioxide (CO2) forcing. However, there are many differences between the midlow latitude climate response to polar albedo forcing and that to increased CO2 forcing. (1) In polar albedo forcing‐induced global warming, North China becomes drier, and the southwest United States becomes wetter, which is opposite to the results in the increased CO2‐induced global warming. Both results suggest a seesaw pattern of precipitation variability between North China and the southwest United States under climate change. (2) The seesaw pattern also appears in different seasons. In summer, the seesaw pattern is maintained by subtropical high. The summer monsoon determines the water vapor distribution. In winter, the seesaw pattern is maintained by wave‐flow interaction, which maintains synchronous variations between the East Asian trough and North American high. (3) Moisture convergence in winter southwest United States (under global warming) enhances local precipitation. As a result, it strengthens the seesaw pattern in this study, while it may shut down the seesaw pattern in increased CO2‐induced global warming. Key Points: Decrease the surface albedo over the polar ocean could achieve global warming and Arctic amplification without increasing the CO2 concentrationIn response to polar warming, a seesaw of precipitation variability between North China (dry) and the southwest United States (wet) appearsMonsoon and quasi‐stationary planetary wave are the key factors in maintaining the seesaw pattern in summer and winter, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy may aggravate myelodysplastic syndrome. Cross‐matched platelets can be used in cases of refractory thrombocytopenia. Vaginal delivery can be attempted if the platelet count is at least 20 × 109/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs can act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes by regulating cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and the dysregulation of miRNA is involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC. Here, we provided evidence that miR‐92b as an oncogene in NSCLC by targeting PTEN/AKT. We found that miR‐92b was up‐regulated in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. MiR‐92b knockdown suppressed the NSCLC cells proliferation and migration in both in vivo and in vitro models. Conversely, miR‐92b overexpression induced an aggressive phenotype. Moreover, miR‐92b‐mediated regulation of NSCLC cell proliferation and migration depended on binding to PTEN mRNA, which then led to the degradation of PTEN and activation of the downstream AKT signalling pathway. Overall, this study revealed the oncogenic roles of miR‐92b in NSCLC by targeting PTEN/AKT, and provided novel insights for future treatments of NSCLC patients. Significance of the study: MiR‐92b was up‐regulated in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Our study demonstrated that miR‐92b as an oncogene in NSCLC by targeting PTEN/AKT in both in vivo and in vitro models and provided novel insights for future treatments of NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common metastatic bone cancers, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. The important role of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biological processes of OS has been demonstrated through several studies. In the current study, we evaluated the role of the lncRNA, LINC01128, in OS. We analysed the expression of LINC01128 in three OS gene expression omnibus (GEO) data sets GSE21257, GSE36001 and GSE42352. The expression of LINC01128 in OS tissues and matched non‐tumour tissues obtained from 50 OS patients was detected using qRT‐PCR. The association between LINC01128 expression and overall survival of OS patients was evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. The effects of LINC01128 knockdown and overexpression were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo assays. The LINC01128/miR‐299‐3p/ MMP2 axis was verified using dual‐luciferase reporter assay and qRT‐PCR assays. GEO data sets analysis revealed that the expression of LINC01128 was increased in OS. Elevated LINC01128 expression was accompanied by shorter overall survival in OS patients. Functional studies revealed that LINC01128 knockdown reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC01128 sponged miR‐299‐3p to increase MMP2 expression. Rescue assays determined the role of the LINC01128/miR‐299‐3p/MMP2 axis in the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells. Additionally, the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway was activated by LINC01128 and MMP2 in OS cell lines. In summary, this study demonstrates that LINC01128 facilitates OS by functioning as a sponge of miR‐299‐3p, thus promoting MMP2 expression and activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 5.25‐m sediment core SRM‐1 and 45 surface samples from mangrove forests at the Shark River Estuary in the Everglades National Park, Florida, were examined by using X‐ray fluorescence and carbon isotopic analyses to study the history of intense hurricane landfall during the Late‐Holocene. Significance testing of the surface samples in relation to storm deposits from Hurricane Wilma suggests that elemental concentration of Sr and Cl and the ratio of Cl/Br are the most sensitive indicators for major hurricane events in our study area. The geochemical data sets of core SRM‐1 identified five active periods of intense hurricane activities during the last 3,500 years at ~3,400–3,000, ~2,200–1,500, ~1,000–800, ~600–300, and ~150 calibrated years before present to present. This is the longest paleohurricane record to date from South Florida. Our results are consistent with the view that intense hurricane activities in South Florida were modulated by Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) movements, El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activities, and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) strength. This study contributes to the methodological advancement in paleotempestological studies by demonstrating that geochemical signals, particularly signals of saltwater intrusions, can be preserved in the sediment profiles on millennial time‐scale and measured by X‐ray fluorescence techniques, thereby enabling more storm records to be produced from otherwise suboptimal sand‐limited coastal systems such as the Florida Everglades. More work needs to be done to explore the use of geochemical and stable isotopic analyses in detecting storm signals from sand‐limited coastal environments. Plain Language Summary: This study uses geochemical analyses to detect intense hurricanes that made landfall near the southwest coast of the Florida Everglades from sediment profiles. The geochemical data sets identified five active periods of intense hurricane activities during the last 3,500 years at ~3,400–3,000, ~2,200–1,500, ~1,000–800, ~600–300, and ~150 years ago. Results from this study agree with previous studies that intense hurricane activities in the western Atlantic Basin were controlled by the position of ITCZ, ENSO activities, and NAO strength. Key Points: This study demonstrates the use of XRF analysis in detecting major hurricane events in sand‐limited coastal systemsFive active hurricane periods were identified at ~3,400–3,000, ~2,200–1,500, ~1,000–800, ~600–300, and ~150 cal yr BP to presentThis study suggests that intense hurricane activities in the western Atlantic Basin were modulated by ITCZ, ENSO, and NAO activities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch is an important pest of vegetable crops worldwide. In this study, bioassays were carried out to analyze the resistance risk, multi‐resistance and management of T. urticae Koch to bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen on cowpea. RESULTS: The resistance ratios of the adult T. urticae population to bifenthrin (G16), bifenazate (G12) and cyflumetofen (G12) were 31.29, 9.38 and 5.81, respectively. Realized heritability (h2) analysis showed that, under a selection pressure of 50–90% mortality, the generations needed to increase 10‐fold LC50 values of bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen were 3.64–8.05, 5.75–12.71, and 10.93–24.15, respectively. No obvious multi‐resistance among these three acaricides was observed. Synergist bioassay results showed that microsomal multifunctional oxidase (MFO) was involved in bifenthrin resistance of T. urticae, with a synergistic ratio of 22.38. However, MFO and GSTs were not the main factors conferring the resistance to bifenazate. MFO, glutathione S‐transferases(GSTs), together with esterase contributed to the development of the resistance to cyflumetofen. Additionally, the toxicity selection index test showed that bifenazate was safe to the natural enemy Neoseiulus barkeri (N. barkeri) with a toxicity selection index (TSI) >484.85, while bifenthrin was the least safe (TSI = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the T. urticae developed higher resistance risk to bifenthrin compared to bifenazate and cyflumetofen and no obvious multi‐resistance among these three acaricides, providing guidance for designing appropriate strategies for the effective application of bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen in the field and delaying the development of insecticide resistance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, grain‐size records of 128 surface samples and six sediment cores retrieved from freshwater marshes across the Sanjiang Plain were employed to reconstruct the marshes' hydrological variation during the Holocene and to discuss its links to the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variation. The grain‐size hydrological significance for the marshes' deposits was first interpreted by quantitative analyses of 128 modern samples. The results indicate that the sand fraction exhibits a higher level significance to modern water‐level conditions than other grain‐size parameters. Thus, the sand accumulation rates of the six cores were calculated and employed to reconstruct the Holocene hydrological regime of the marshes on the plain. Based on the cluster analysis, it can be identified that three higher water‐level stages occurred during 6.2–5.6 thousand yr BP, 5.6–4.5 thousand yr BP, and 2.8–2.4 thousand yr BP, whereas four lower water‐level stages occurred during ~8.0–6.2 thousand yr BP, 4.5–2.8 thousand yr BP, 2.4–0.7 thousand yr BP, and 0.7–0 thousand yr BP, respectively. Considering the prevalent monsoon climate on the modern Sanjiang Plain, it is reasonable to believe that the local water‐level fluctuations were mainly regulated by the EASM variation rather than local factors including flooding, waterway modification, depression infilling, and human activities. The higher water‐level stages were linked to a stronger EASM and vice versa. This study provides essential background datasets for understanding the potential controls on the marsh development and degradation on the Sanjiang Plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accurately simulate the electrical characteristics of high‐power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) applied under transient overload extreme conditions, this article presents an electrothermal modeling method based on PSpice and Simulink. In this method, the structural parameters of the IGBT module are accurately extracted through a scanning electron microscope, and the corresponding seven‐layer RC thermal network model is established in Simulink. Besides, a new lumped‐charge physical model is constructed in PSpice, which can accurately describe the electrical behaviors of IGBT at different temperatures by circuit simulation. Then, cosimulation under a multirate simulation strategy is realized through a Matlab script file, which controls both the PSpice circuit simulation and the Simulink thermal simulation. Finally, the method is verified through a short‐circuit experiment on an ABB 3.3 kV/1500 A high‐power IGBT module. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oridonin could induce NB (neuroblastoma) cells growth inhibition by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the molecular mechanisms behind the effects deserve to be further explored. Here, oridonin was confirmed to cause the reactivation of p53 (cellular tumor antigen p53) to promote the expression of a series of apoptosis‐ and cell cycle arrest‐related proteins for the biological effects. During the process, oridonin relied on the caspase activation to cleave p53‐induced Mdm2 (E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase Mdm2) to generate Mdm2‐p60. The generation of Mdm2‐p60 stabilized p53, and resulted in p53 accumulation for p53 continuous activation. In our research, it was also found that the reactivation of p53 induced by oridonin was closely related with the generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species). Taken together, these findings explain that oridonin exerts its anticancer activity partially by targeting the Mdm2‐p53 axis in NB cells, which lay an experimental base for future research of exploring the effects and molecular mechanisms of oridonin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condition monitoring and fault diagnosis method based on decomposed component analysis (DCA) for SF6 gas‐insulated equipment, which mainly aiming at AC SF6 gas‐insulated equipment, has become a research hotspot. Therefore, SF6 positive DC partial discharge (PD) decomposition experiments under four typical insulation defects were conducted in this work. The result showed that there is a significant correlation between the generation rules of the five SF6 decomposition components (CF4, CO2, SO2F2, SOF2 and SO2) and the types of defects. The phenomenon was attributed to the variations in the properties of the four insulation defects. In addition, comparing with AC PD experiment, for the protrusion, contamination and gap defect models, the amounts and generation rates of the five characteristic decomposition components under positive DC are less than those under AC by the same defect; however, for the particles defect, it is by contrary. This could be attributed to the essential difference between AC PD and positive DC PD. Therefore, the theory of AC DCA could provide reference to construct DCA diagnostic model for DC SF6 gas‐insulated equipment, but cannot be applied mechanically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the influence of pressure on SF6 decomposition under positive DC partial discharge (PD), SF6‐positive DC partial discharge decomposition experiments at different pressures were carried out. We found that the contents of SF6 primary decomposition products are proportional to E / P 3 / 2 exp − B d P / E. Keeping the chamber volume and external temperature constant, the difference of air chamber pressure means that the electronic mean free path is different. So, different pressures make a difference in the energy of free electrons obtained in a single flight, which results in the difference in the reaction rates of SF6 primary decomposition and further influences the formation of SF6 PD characteristic decomposition components. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed to clarify the correlation characteristics between the internal partial discharge (PD) in the negative direct current (DC) gas‐insulated system (GIS) and gas pressure, and to establish an insulation fault diagnosis method based on decomposition component analysis, this study on PD decomposition of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) was conducted under different pressures on the basis of constructing a SF6 decomposition experimental platform under DC PD. A stainless steel needle‐plate electrode was used to simulate the insulation defects of metal protrusions in GIS. SOF2, SO2 F2, CO2, SO2, and CF4 data generated from SF6 decomposition were obtained under different pressures. The variation law of component concentration and effective characteristic ratio with pressure were analysed in detail. In addition, a mathematical formula for pressure and decomposition components was deduced according to gas micro‐ionisation theory. The effective content and formation rate were defined to validate the relationship. Results show that the concentration of SF6 decomposition components decreased gradually with increasing pressure with a strong regularity. Furthermore, the relationship between pressure and component concentration derived from the theory can explain the relationship between the effective content of SF6 decomposition components and the effective formation rate and pressure variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important pest of cotton. We investigated the efficacy of dimethoate in controlling T. urticae by drip irrigation. Greenhouse and field experiments were carried out to determine the efficacy of dimethoate to T. urticae and the absorption and distribution of dimethoate in cotton. RESULTS Greenhouse results showed that cotton leaves received higher amounts of dimethoate compared with cotton roots and stems, with higher amounts in young leaves compared with old leaves and cotyledon having the lowest amounts among leaves. Field results showed the efficacy of dimethoate to T. urticae by drip irrigation varied by volume of dripping water, soil pH and dimethoate dosage. Dimethoate applied at 3.00 kg ha-1 with 200 m3 ha-1 water at weak acidic soil pH (5.70-6.70) through drip irrigation can obtain satisfactory control efficacy (81.49%, 7 days) to T. urticae, without negatively impacting on its natural enemy Neoseiulus cucumeris. The residue of dimethoate in all cotton seed samples were not detectable. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the effectiveness of applying dimethoate by drip irrigation for control of T. urticae on cotton. This knowledge could aid in the applicability of dimethoate by drip irrigation for field management of T. urticae populations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) have been verified playing vital roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Previous studies demonstrated that microRNA-29a (miR-29a) was upregulated in many atherogenic process and cells, thus acting as an important participant in AS. But the detailed regulation mechanism of miR-29a in AS has not been fully understood. In our study, we demonstrated a positive feedback loop of ox-LDL-SRA-miR-29a. Furthermore, we found that YY1 and STAT1 were upregulated in ox-LDL-stimulating macrophages followed by translocation in the nucleus and binding to the transcriptional promoter region of miR-29a, thus leading to the increase of miR-29a expression. In addition, we demonstrated that JAK1/2 signaling was involved in miR-29a upregulation. Finally, we found that miR-29a played important roles in the secretion of proinflammation factors and lipid uptake in macrophages. We uncovered the molecular mechanism and provide novel insights into the function and regulatory network of miR-29a expression regulated by ox-LDL in macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TKX-50/GO composite was prepared and characterized. The results suggested that the morphology of TKX-50 was improved from tabular crystal to polyhedron after coating with GO. The thermal stability of TKX-50/GO composite was essentially unchanged. Both impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of TKX-50/GO composite was more insensitive than those of TKX-50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, thermoplastic phenol formaldehyde (PF) grafted cyclic neopentyl phosphate (PFCP) was synthesized by using PF and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol phosphoryl chloride. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compared to PF, PFCP shows improved thermal and thermoxidative stability and allows itself to be used in polyamide 6 (PA6). A micro-intumescent flame retardant system was constructed by using cyclic neopentyl phosphate as acid source, PF as charring agent and PA6 whose decomposition products work as blowing agent. The results showed that PA6/PFCP composite is classified the UL-94 V-0 rating and get a LOI value of 35.5% at 25% loading of PFCP. SEM results showed that the outside of char residues is continuous and dense, but the inside is micro-intumescent and porous. XPS analysis of char revealed that most of phosphorus remained in the char layer. All the results suggest that the mode of flame retardant's action for PA6/PFCP composites is shifted from melting away to charring protection with the content of PFCP increasing. The coherent char generated by the decomposition of PFCP contributes most to flame retardancy of PA6. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how byproducts from thermal decomposition of sulfur fluoride (SF6) can be measured and applied to diagnose an overheating fault occurring in SF6 insulated equipment. Using a series of experiments performed on a SF6 thermal fault simulation system, the thermal decomposition characteristics of SF6 were obtained for temperatures below 400°C. Based on these results, the formation rate was extracted to indicate the progress of the thermal fault's development, and the characteristic component ratio was used to identify the type and severity of the thermal fault. The relationship of the fault temperature and the formation rate along with the correlation between the characteristic ratio and the fault temperature were studied. The results show that: the formation rate of the components effectively reflects the severity and development trend of the thermal fault; by integrating the IEC standard 60480‐2004, the obtained thermal fault maximum safe time (TMS) can accurately indicate the largest safe time when thermal fault happens; component characteristic ratios C(SO2)/C(SO2F2) and C(SO2F2+SOF4)/C(SOF2) can be used to evaluate whether the fault type is a thermal fault; and the thermal correlation ratio (TR) can be employed to recognize the temperature value from 300°C to 400°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain the inner correlation feature between SF6 decomposition characteristics caused by the partial discharge (PD) of the free metal particle insulation fault and charge magnitude, a series of experiments are conducted on the designed experimental system. Three methods, namely, gas chromatograph, chromatography‐mass spectrometry and Fourier infrared spectroscopy, are used to quantitatively measure the decomposed components. Their content relation under different PD magnitudes is obtained and determined as SOF2 > SiF4 > SOF4 > SO2F2 > SO2 > S2F10 > CO2 > CF4, where the content of highly toxic S2F10 greatly exceeds its safe threshold. The study also discusses the correlation feature between each component of the free metal particle insulation fault and charge magnitude, which is found only when the charge magnitude reaches the point where it promotes the obvious formation of the components. Each component formation is found positively related to PD quantity. Based on a stability analysis of the produced components, five components are proposed to represent PD strength and the diagnosis table to recognise the severity of the metal particle insulation fault. This study attempts to lay a solid foundation for the conditional assessment of SF6 insulated equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Research Article Laboratory selection, resistance risk assessment, multi‐resistance, and management of Tetranychus urticae Koch to bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen on cowpea by Zhenxiu Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5723. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To take the advantage of reactivity of five‐membered cyclic phosphorus compounds, 1,2,3‐tri‐phenyl‐1,3,2‐diazaphospholidine‐2‐oxide (TPDPO) was explored as a reactive flame retardant for epoxy resins (EPs). Through model compounds, it has been established that TPDPO selectively reacts with the secondary hydroxyl group and is inert toward both aryl amino groups and epoxide groups. The result of Soxhlet extraction supports that TPDPO is permanently bonded to the cured EPs. At a loading of only 8 wt % (0.74 wt % phosphorus), TPDPO enables the cured epoxy to achieve a UL‐94 V0 rating. The thermogravimetric analysis–Fourier transform infrared analyses of the gaseous products suggest that the excellent flame retardancy of EP–TPDPO is partly due to the enhanced dehydration process of the epoxy. Also an increased char yield and the formation of a coherent char layer contribute to the good fire performance of EP–TPDPO. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 47411. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA), also known as Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), is a type of human papilloma virus-associated sexually transmitted infection. Treatment options for condyloma acuminatum remain controversial, but surgery seems to be the best option. The management of GCA during pregnancy is more complicated since one has to evaluate the condition of both the mother and the fetus. In this report, we presented a GCA case in a pregnant woman with giant masses that covered the perineal and perianal region. Considering the gestational age and the fetal neurological risk from the anticipated lengthy procedure of mass removal surgery for tumor of this size, we decided to resect the tumor 2 weeks after the infant was delivered via C-section., (© 2019 The Authors. Dermatologic Therapy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)