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As the energy crisis and environmental problems are exacerbated, rural carbon emissions have gradually attracted increasing attention. Meanwhile, rural areas have the important function of ecological carbon sequestration, so the research field of carbon emissions has gradually expanded from urban to rural areas in recent years. To systematically sort out the research progress regarding low-carbon rural areas, a total of 583 papers published during 2013–2023 were acquired through the bibliometric analysis method from the "professional field of science of building technology" in the core database of Web of Science. Then, the research stage, author cooperation, institutional cooperation, national distribution, and keyword co-occurrence of "low-carbon rural areas" were analyzed via data visualization analysis software VOSviewer, and the current hot issues, such as carbon emission calculation list and elements, carbon emission measurement method/model, and energy saving and emission reduction paths, were further summarized and reviewed. The statistical analysis results show that: (1) in most of the current research on rural carbon emissions, geographical characteristics and rural carbon emissions have been rarely analyzed; (2) there is a lack of interdisciplinary research, e.g., less cooperation with geographic information or other disciplines; (3) the differences and characteristics of rural carbon emission factors in different economies and regions have rarely been analyzed. Based on the analysis, this research pointed out that future research can be comprehensively carried out in formulating rural carbon emission inventory, establishing a multi-scale and multi-regional statistical method and so on. This research also provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the existing research on the structure and model of carbon emissions in low-carbon rural areas and also presents the problems that need to be paid attention to in the future research, pointing out the research direction for relevant scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the technical basis of Bitcoin, block chain has the characteristics of decentralization ， openness and transparency. In order to promote the development of security and openness of power trading system and solve the trust problem among participants in power market，a new research direction of power trading method based on block chain is proposed. Therefore，this paper outlines the block chain，explains the definition and characteristics of block chain in detail，discusses the application of block chain in power trading system，and summarizes the challenges faced by block chain technology in power trading system.

Block chain technology is one of the optional technologies for the realization of intelligent power transactions on the residential side, and the specific transaction process is lacking research. Based on the composition of the block chain and its technical characteristics, this paper proposes a typical transaction flow for market participants in the electricity transaction under the environment of the residential side open electricity market based on block chain technology. According to the needs of power trading, the power trading using block chain technology is divided into 7 steps and abstracted separately. Finally, the power transaction based on block chain technology is analyzed, and the transaction process is further explained in combination with the case, which provides a reference for the introduction of new technologies for the design of ubiquitous power internet of things power transactions.

A sensitive dual-readout immunosensor for fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of ricin was established, which was combined with a streptavidin–biotin signal amplification system. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with fine fluorescence and ECL properties were used as the dual-signal function probes of the sandwich immunocomplex. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the dual signal intensity increased significantly with the rise in ricin concentration. The fluorescence intensity of the senor exhibited a good liner relationship toward the ricin concentrations with 0.1~100 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) was 81.7 pg/mL; taking ECL as the detection signal, the sensor showed a linear relationship with the ricin concentrations ranging from 0.01 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL and the LOD was 5.5 pg/mL. The constructed sensor with high sensitivity had been successfully applied to the detection of ricin in complex matrices with satisfactory recoveries. The proposed immunosensor model can be extended to the analysis and detection of others target proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified graphene/muscovite (MGMu) nanocomposite was synthesized with muscovite (Mu) and silane coupling agent modified graphene oxide through a simple hydrothermal method that exhibited excellent dispersion stability in oil. Compared with the base oil sample, the average friction coefficient and wear scar diameter of the MGMu oil sample decreased by 64.4 and 20.0%, respectively, and the microhardness of its wear scar was increased by 16.1%. The MGMu showed better tribological performance than its individual component due to the synergetic effect between the two components. The lubrication mechanism was proposed according to the morphology, chemical composition, and microhardness of the surface of wear scars. MGMu as an oil additive could fill between the friction pairs, cling to some asperities, and occur relative sliding between unit layers, thus playing a role in lubrication. It was found that MGMu would react with the surface of the friction pair during the friction process to generate Fe2O3, SiO2, SiC, and new aluminosilicate, which formed a self-repairing layer with high hardness. This chemically reactive film exhibited a lower shear strength, which made the oil sample containing MGMu have a lower coefficient of friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt‐glycolate (Co‐glycolate) is a kind of layered coordination polymer with abundant electrochemically active sites but low conductivity. The fabrication of heterostructures is a novel strategy to enhance the electrical conductivity. Herein, Co‐glycolate serves as a host substrate for the in situ growth of guest ZIF‐67 to build MOFs‐on‐CPs heterostructures (named Co‐glycolate /ZIF‐67) via a simple ligand‐exchange method as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries. A heterojunction interface with distorted lattice between the Co‐glycolate phase and the ZIF‐67 phase can be observed. Theoretical calculations and experimental results simultaneously prove that the formed heterojunction reduces the band gap and enhances the conductivity. Compared with both single components, optimized Co‐glycolate/ZIF‐67 shows a higher capacity and better cycling and rate performances due to the improved charge‐transfer rate of the heterostructure. Its specific capacity remains at 652 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 1 A g−1. These excellent electrochemical properties can be due to the smaller size, rough surface, and strong combination of a unique heterostructure as well as to the greatly reduced band gap of the individual components. A lithium‐storage mechanism for Co‐glycolate/ZIF‐67 was proposed. This work provides a new strategy for building MOFs‐on‐CPs heterostructures to improve the electrochemical performance of metal‐glycolate‐based electrode materials for energy‐storage and conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors are developing in terms of high power and energy densities. Carbon materials can meet this challenge to a certain extent. A sustainable high‐performance carbon material for supercapacitors was prepared through the simple and green thermal pyrolysis of orange peels as raw materials by using KOH as an activator. The biomass‐derived carbon materials activated at different temperatures were evaluated as electrode materials. The adsorption properties, structure, and surface elemental chemical states of the prepared materials were studied. Carbonation temperature plays a key role in the preparation of materials, and it has different effects on the physical and electrochemical properties of materials. The opc700 and opc800 samples have large pore volumes, which provide the necessary space for the storage of electrolyte ions. The temperature has a pronounced effect on the specific surface area and the electrochemical performance. The specific surface area of opc800 is as high as 2004 m2 g−1 and the pore volume is 1.24 cm3 g−1. The maximum specific capacity of opc800 is 306.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and the specific capacitance is 251.2 F g−1 at 20 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing heterogeneous components with a yolk−shell structure is highly desirable for improving the lithium-storage performance of metal oxides, owing to the unique synergies of nanostructures and composite materials. In this work, a novel heterogeneous hybrid of yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 was synthesized through a simple two-step method. Starting with Cu2O, the yolk−shell precursor was prepared through an interfacial reaction. After subsequent heat treatment of the precursor in air, yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 was obtained. A reasonable mechanism for the formation process of the yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 has been presented. The relatively high electrical conductivity of CuFe2O4, unique yolk−shell structure, and firm shell of the CuO@CuFe2O4 account for the extremely enhanced electrochemical properties compared to bare CuO. In particular, discharge capacities of 505 and 36 mA h g−1 were delivered after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1 by the yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 and bare CuO, respectively. This work not only provides a promising alternative anode material for lithium-ion batteries, but also develops a new strategy to design the nanostructure and components of metal oxides for application in lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercetin (QR), abundant in plants, is used to treat colitis and gastric ulcer and is also a promising anticancer agent. To quantificationally detect QR, a sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated by palladium nanoparticles loaded on carbon sphere @ molybdenum disulfide nanosheet core-shell composites (Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs). The Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs worked to remedy the shortcomings of MoS2 and exhibited good catalytic activity to QR. The oxidation reaction of QR on Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs/GCE involved two electrons and two protons. Furthermore, the molecular surface for electrostatic potential, Laplacian bond order, and Gibbs free energy were computationally simulated to speculate the order and site of the oxidation of QR. The results showed that the 4′ O–H and 3′ O–H broke successively during the oxidation reaction. When the concentration of QR was within 0.5 to 12 μM, the fabricated sensor could achieve linear detection, and the detection limit was 0.02 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, the sensor possessed good selectivity, repeatability, and stability, which has a broad prospect in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the increasing contradiction between the living environment and residential energy consumption in rural areas, it is urgent to alter the traditional living mode and create a new living pattern with a pleasant environment. Based on the theory of ecological footprint, in this article we compare the whole life-cycle ecological footprint between the northern rural house with various energy-saving measures and the urban multi-layer residence with only external wall thermal-insulation as the energy-saving measure. The results show that the sustainability of the multi-layer residence is obviously superior to the rural house. Therefore, rural house designers should learn the multi-layer residential design strategies, construction methods, and operation modes to reduce the unnecessary waste of the energy and resources. Through centralized planning, construction, and heating systems, the multi-level residence is conducive to sustainable human development. The study provides relevant theoretical support for low-carbon house construction in village areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title coordination complex, [Ni(C14H14O2PS2)2(C12H8N2)] or [Ni( pMePh-dtp)2(phen)] (phen is 1,10-phenanthroline; dtp is di­aryl­di­thio­phosphate), has a non-crystallographic twofold axis of symmetry through the Ni atom and the phen moiety. Two O, O-di- p-tolyl­di­thio­phosphate (dtp) ions act as bidentate ligands. The central metal atom is coordinated by four S atoms from two dtp groups and two N atoms from the phen ligand. The title compound displays distorted octahedral geometry around the central Ni atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, [Ni(C6H14O2PS2)2(C5H6N2)2], the coordination around the Ni atom, which lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry, is octahedral with the S atoms from the di­thio­phosphate ligands occupying the equatorial positions, while the axial positions are occupied by the ring N atoms of the 2-amino­pyridine ligands. The mol­ecules form layers in the bc plane which are stacked in the direction of the a axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title complex, [Ni(Im)6]( iPr-dtp)2 or [Ni(C3H4N2)6](C6H14O2PS2)2, the coordination around the Ni atom, located on an inversion centre, is octhahedral with all positions being occupied by tertiary N atoms of the imidazole moieties. Hydro­gen bonds link the anions and cations into a two-dimensional network in the bc plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the structure of the title compound, [CuII­(en)2][(EtO)2P(S)S]2 (en is ethyl­ene­di­amine) or [Cu(C2H8N2)2](C4H10O2PS2)2, the Cu atom lies on a center of inversion and is coordinated in a slightly distorted square coordination geometry by four N atoms from two ethyl­enedi­amine mol­ecules. The diethyl di­thio­phosphate moieties, (EtO)2P(S)S−, act as counter-anions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly uniform Mn 3 O 4 /CuO@TiO 2 submicroboxes with hollow and core – shell structure have been synthesized for the first time by a facile and feasible multi-step method. A detail formation mechanism has been proposed based on the chemical and structural characterization, which consists of the part self sacrificing, in situ growth, etching, in situ hydrolysis coating and heat treatment process. The unique firm hollow core – shell structure of Mn 3 O 4 /CuO@TiO 2 made itself exhibit an enhanced lithium storage performance compared to the hollow Mn 3 O 4 /CuO. The TiO 2 coatings not only reinforce the hollow structure but also improve the conductivity, which result in the improved electrochemical performance. Typically, a specific capacity of 583 mA h g −1 (92.8% of the theoretical capacity of 628 mA h g −1 ) and 97.1% capacity retention (compared with the 2nd discharge capacity) after 150 cycles at 0.2 A g −1 were obtained from the hollow core – shell Mn 3 O 4 /CuO@TiO 2 . This work not only provides a promising strategy to solve the rapid capacity fading and large structure damage of metal oxides but also makes a contribution to the design and synthesis of metal oxides with hollow or core – shell structures for various structure-based applications, such as gas sensors, catalysis and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Novel three dimensional (3D) Co3O4/C flower-like nanostructures are synthesized via a facile solvothermal strategy. The samples are characterized by XRD, XPS, FT-IR, Raman, TG, SEM and HRTEM. The results show that the 3D flower-like nanostructures are consisted of numerous 2D nanosheets with the thickness of about 20 nm. The pseudocapacitive behaviors of Co3O4/C and bare Co3O4 flower-like nanostructures are investigated by cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test. The results reveal that the Co3O4/C delivers a large specific capacitance of as high as 865 F g−1 and 330 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1 and 0.5 A g−1, according to CV and galvanostatic test, respectively; while the bare Co3O4 has a poor electrochemical performance, which exhibits specific capacitance of 131.7 F g−1 and 46.1 F g−1 at the same condition. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the carbon present on the Co3O4 and the morphology, which possesses large surface area, unique flower-like nanostructures and low equivalent series resistance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A blue-white emitting Sr2CeO4 phosphor with orthorhombic structure was synthesized via a simple ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-complexing process using strontium nitrate and cerous nitrate as raw materials at a relatively low temperature. The crystalline phase, microstructure and morphology of the resulting particles were studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained Sr2CeO4 powders consisted of uniform crotch-like grains with size of ca. 100nm. The interplanar distance of d 111 was 0.297nm. Photoluminescence studies at room temperature showed strong luminescent behavior for the superfine particles. Two excitation bands were located at ∼280 and ∼345nm, respectively. The intensity of the latter excitation band exceeded that of the former while the precursors were calcined at 1000°C. The emission spectrum was a broad band at 472nm, which was suitable for the doping of rare earth ions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin, is widely found in foods and animal feeds, and can pose a serious threat to our lives. A label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was fabricated for the sensitive detection of AFB1. A Z-scheme heterojunction of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) loaded on graphitic carbon nitride sheet and tungsten trioxide sphere composite (g-C 3 N 4 /Au/WO 3) acted as the highly sensitive platform. The g-C 3 N 4 /Au/WO 3 is capable, not only of immobilizing antibodies via Au NPs, but also enhancing the separation of electron-hole pairs due to its good energy band matching efficiency. The mechanism of photo-generated electron/hole transfer on g-C 3 N 4 /Au/WO 3 was explored using scavengers to eliminate active components. On this basis, an electron transfer pathway for the immunosensor was deduced. The PEC immunosensor displayed a linear concentration range from 1.0 pg mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1 and a low detection limit of 0.33 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3) for AFB1. Good reproducibility, stability, and specificity provide a solid foundation for the practical application of this immunosensor. • A PEC immunosensor was developed based on g-C 3 N 4 /Au/WO 3 for detecting AFB1. • g-C 3 N 4 /Au/WO 3 as Z-scheme heterojunction exhibited excellent photocurrent. • The possible transfer routes of charge carriers were studied by scavengers. • The immunosenor possessed a low detection limit of 0.33 pg mL−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]