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Introduction: We report an investigation on collaboration practices in research papers published in the most prestigious English-medium astrophysics journals. Method: We propose an evaluation method based on three numerical indicators to study and compare, in absolute terms, three different types of collaboration (international, national and local) and authors' mobility on the basis of co-authorship. Analysis: We analysed 300 randomly selected research papers in three different time periods and used the student's t-test to determine whether the paired two-sample differences observed were statistically significant or not. Results: International collaboration is more common than national and local collaboration. International, national and local authors' mobility and intra-national collaboration do not seriously affect the indicators of the principal levels of collaboration. International collaboration and authors' mobility are more relevant for authors publishing in European journals, whereas national and intra-national collaboration and national mobility are more important for authors publishing in US journals. Conclusions: We explain the observed differences and patterns in terms of the specific scope of each journal and the socio-economic and political situation in both geographic contexts (Europe and the USA). Our study provides a global picture of collaboration practices in astrophysics and its possible application to many other sciences and fields would undoubtedly help bring into focus the really big issues for overall research management and policy.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical with endocrine disrupting properties commonly used as color developer in thermal paper. Concerns about the potential hazards of human BPA exposure have led to the increasing utilization of alternatives such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF). This study was designed to assess: (i) BPA, BPS, and BPF concentrations in 112 thermal paper receipts from Brazil, France, and Spain by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS); and (ii) hormone-like activities of these receipts using two receptor-specific bioassays, the E-Screen for (anti-)estrogenicity and PALM luciferase assay for (anti-)androgenicity. BPA was present in 95.3% of receipts from Spain, 90.9% of those from Brazil, and 51.1% of those from France at concentrations up to 20.27 mg/g of paper. Only two samples from Brazil, two from Spain, and ten from France had a BPS concentration ranging from 6.46 to 13.29 mg/g; no BPA or BPS was detected in 27.7% of French samples. No BPF was detected in any receipt. Estrogenic activity was observed in all samples from Brazil and Spain and in 74.5% of those from France. Anti-androgenic activity was observed in > 90% of samples from Brazil and Spain and in 53.2% of those from France. Only 25.5% of French samples were negative for both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity. Estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities per gram of paper were up to 1.411 µM estradiol (E 2 ) equivalent units (E 2 eq) and up to 359.5 mM procymidone equivalent units (Proceq), respectively. BPA but not BPS concentrations were positively correlated with both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities. BPA still dominates the thermal paper market in Brazil and Spain, and BPS appears to be one of the main alternatives in France. There is an urgent need to evaluate the safety of alternatives proposed to replace BPA as developer in thermal printing. The large proportion of samples with hormonal activity calls for the adoption of preventive measures., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

(1) Background: The main basis for the public recognition of the merits of scientists has always been the system of scientific publications and citations. Our goal is to identify and analyze the most cited articles in the Public, Environmental & Occupational Health category. (2) Methods: We searched the Web of Science for all articles published in the "Public, Environmental & Occupational Health" category up to March 2022 and selected the 100 most cited articles. We recorded the number of citations, the journal, the year of publication, quartile, impact factor, institution, country, authors, topic, type of publication and collaborations. (3) Results: 926,665 documents were analyzed. The top 100 had 401,620 citations. The journal with the most articles was the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology and the one with the highest number of citations was Medical Care. The year with the highest number of articles in the top 100 was 1998. The country with the highest percentage of publications was the USA and the most productive institution was Harvard. The most frequent keywords were bias, quality, and extension. The largest collaboration node was between the USA, Canada, Germany, Spain, Australia, France, and Sweden. (4) Conclusions: This bibliometric study on Public, Environmental & Occupational Health provides valuable information not only to identify topics of interest in the analyzed category, but also to identify the differences in the topics they study.

The article presents information on the restoration technique through paper splitting in reconstructing historical prints. The restoration technique has been published by Michel Hennin in 1856, in Paris France. The method of paper splitting technique is the splitting of one sheet of paper into two thinner sheets of the same dimension. Several artists have performed the paper slitting method in restoration of the old portraits including William A. Baldwin, restorer of the engraved portrait of Henri IV; Alfred Bonnardot, and the infamous German restorer, Max Schweidler.

The philosopher David Hume is renowned in international monetary economics for his 1752 analysis of the specie-flow mechanism of international adjustment. He has been viewed in the literature as an abstract theorist, writing without direct practical experience of public policy or monetary affairs. This paper shows Hume in the unfamiliar role of a British diplomat negotiating the settlement of the outstanding paper money of New France after the British conquest of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity is important in heart failure to improve functional capacity, quality of life and prognosis, and is a class IA recommendation in the European Society of Cardiology guidelines (Ponikowski et al., 2016). The benefits of exercise training are widely recognized. Cardiac rehabilitation centres offer tailored exercise training to patients with heart failure, as part of specialized multidisciplinary care, alongside pharmacological treatment optimization and patient education. After cardiac rehabilitation, maintenance of regular physical activity long term is essential, as the benefits of exercise training vanish within a few weeks. Unfortunately, only 10% of patients benefit from a cardiac rehabilitation programme after hospitalization for acute heart failure, and the majority of patients do not pursue long-term physical activity. In this paper, two Working Groups of the French Society of Cardiology (the heart failure group [Groupe Insuffisance Cardiaque et Cardiomyopathies; GICC] and the cardiac rehabilitation group [Groupe Exercice Réadaptation Sport et Prévention; GERS-P]) discuss the obstacles to broader access to cardiac rehabilitation centres, and propose ways to improve the diffusion of cardiac rehabilitation programmes and encourage long-term adherence to physical activity., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

The objective of this article was to evaluate the evidence currently available about the clinical value of artificial intelligence (AI) in breast imaging. Nine experts from the disciplines involved in breast disease management - including physicists and radiologists - convened a meeting on June 3, 2019 to discuss the evidence for the use of this technology in plenary and focused sessions. Prior to the meeting, the group performed a literature review on predefined topics. This paper presents the consensus reached by this working group on recommendations for the future use of AI in breast screening and related research topics., (Copyright © 2019 Société française de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The present study is a scientometrics evaluation of refereed publications on bacterial mastitis in sheep; the objectives were the evaluation of the relevant papers and the presentation of quantitative characteristics regarding their scientific content and bibliometric details. The Web of Science platform was used with search terms: [mastitis OR *mammary infection*] AND [sheep OR ewe* OR ovine] for papers from 1970 tο 2019; only 'articles', 'reviews', 'proceedings papers', or 'data papers' were evaluated, whilst documents related solely to contagious agalactia, mammary aspects of lentiviral infections, or infections of the teats and the udder skin were excluded. Finally, 580 papers were considered in detail. The number of published papers increased from 8 during the 1970s to 273 during the 2010s. These papers originated from 43 countries (most from Greece or Spain, n = 87 from each) and 240 institutions (145 universities and 95 other establishments), of which 35 produced ≥ 5 papers each. Most papers present original studies (n = 539) with a few reviews (n = 41). The original papers refer to dairy (n = 428), meat (n = 113), or wool (n = 1) production systems and present field (n = 329), laboratory (n = 163), or experimental (n = 67) work; the papers report aetiology (n = 146), risk factors (n = 100), pathogenesis (n = 92), diagnosis (n = 88), effects (n = 66), treatment (n = 50), control (n = 36), or descriptive epidemiology (n = 32) of the disease. Papers related to dairy production present more field and fewer experimental work than papers related to meat production; also, in papers describing work performed in dairy sheep, studies about aetiology, risk factors, and diagnosis of the disease predominate, whilst in papers performed in meat sheep, studies about aetiology, pathogenesis, and effects/diagnosis are reported more often. The papers were published in 175 scientific journals (most in Small Ruminant Research, n = 90, or Journal of Dairy Science, n = 54). On average, the papers received 16.8 total citations and 1.6 yearly citations (h-index = 47). Most papers were published in Scimago classification Q1 (n = 240) or Q2 (n = 230) journals and received 23.4 or 15.4 total citations, respectively. Reviews received more citations than original papers; among the latter, papers with work referring to dairy production received more yearly citations than papers referring to meat production; no differences in citations were seen according to type of work or mastitis aspect covered. Most citations were received by papers from France. Papers published in Journal of Dairy Science or Small Ruminant Research received the most citations. In total, there were 1558 individual authors of the papers, with 24 authors having co-authored > 10 papers each (max: 73 papers); on average, there were 5.2 co-authors per paper (min–max: 1–25). Average number of co-authors progressively increased from 2.1 in the 1970s to 6.3 in the 2010s, with original papers having a higher number of co-authors than reviews: 5.3 and 3.7, respectively. Papers from France had highers number of co-authors (7.9). The findings of this first ever scientometrics study into ovine mastitis indicate that the disease has not been studied as other sheep diseases and that future studies in it should be directed to its control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the rhythms of production in the Montgolfier paper mill, one of the largest in eighteenth-century France. View of historians on early industrial work; What Montgolfier output registers reveal.

Highlights: [•] Offsetting development impacts could help achieve no net loss of biodiversity. [•] France recently geared its legislation on offsetting towards no net loss. [•] New guidance promises improved offset design and implementation. [•] Institutional arrangements for delivering offsets are either poor or lacking. [•] Appropriate institutional arrangements are necessary to avoid paper offsets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of catheter ablation techniques has vastly improved the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. However, as complex ablations are technically demanding and can cause various complications, they require a high level of expertise to maximize success rates and minimize complication rates. As French recommendations regarding the required technical competence and equipment are not yet available, this position paper has been compiled by the Working Group of Pacing and Electrophysiology of the French Society of Cardiology, detailing the required features of an interventional cardiac electrophysiological centre for complex ablation procedures: (1) sufficient institutional volume; (2) physician training, qualifications and experience; (3) paramedical staff training and attendance; and (4) institutional facilities and technical equipment. The importance of being able to diagnose, monitor and manage complications associated with complex ablations is highlighted. Supplemental hospital-based resources are also discussed, such as anaesthesia, surgical back-up, intensive care, haemodynamic assistance and imaging. Further, the ideal features of an interventional cardiac electrophysiology training centre are considered. Lastly, the need for quality evaluations and national registries for complex ablations is discussed., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The Remaining Useful Life of a machine is very useful statistical information for the operator and manufacturer. It provides a very clear perspective to the user how long the machine can be operated and if any faults are detected how can they be prevented and ultimately increase the Remaining Useful Life. If the operators are aware of the forthcoming issues of the machine the downtime caused in the inspection, part delivery and eventually replacing parts is significantly reduced. The paper presents a study on the remaining useful life of machinery as it is an emerging technique, starting from the year 2010 to the current year of 2021. The bibliometric research is carried out using the Scopus database and software such as the VOS Viewer and GPS Visualizer. The study tells that the maximum publications are from articles and conference papers affiliated to remaining useful life, Chinese lead the publication followed by the United States and then France. Remaining useful lives is the most used keyword followed by forecasting and the least contributing keywords are also found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article examine les pages de garde contenues dans des reliures cartonnées et brochées de cinq textes du dix-huitième siècle français. Ces spécimens démontrent qu'il y des livres qui se doivent d'être conservés intacts comme artéfacts, étant donné que leurs feuillets jaunis par le temps peuvent fournir des indices sur le lieu et l'époque où ils ont été reliés, produits et diffusés, voire même donner un aperçu sur l'exercice de la censure. Il en va de même pour le travail de reliure le plus routinier pratiqué sur des ouvrages anciens, lequel peut faciliter notre compréhension des opérations commerciales jadis en vigueur. Le premier spécimen à l'étude est l'Histoire critique de la philosophie de Deslandes publiée par Jean Nourse à Londres en 1742. La typographie indique toutefois que l'ouvrage fut imprimé en Hollande. Même si ce livre fut frappé d'interdiction par le gouvernement français, les pages de garde donnent à penser qu'il fut relié en France. Le deuxième exemple est un pamphlet politique clandestin intitulé Influence du despotisme de l'Angleterre [1781] imprimé probablement à Neuchâtel et Besançon. La page de garde placée à la fin du livre est une page de titre de l'édition de 1779 ou 1780 de La Boussole imprimée par le même imprimeur de Besançon, ce qui suppose que la reliure fut fabriquée à cet endroit. Le troisième ouvrage est une traduction du Tableau de l'Angleterre et de l'Italie par Archenholtz et publiée à Strasbourg en 1788. Si l'on se fie à des événements survenus en septembre 1793 et rapportés par des journaux français de l'époque, la datation des pages de garde coïncide avec une période trouble de l'histoire politique et économique du pays, ce qui explique en partie la mauvaise qualité de la reliure. Le quatrième texte est l'Analyse des ouvrages de J.J. Rousseau publiée par la Veuve Duchesne à Paris en 1785. Comme l'ouvrage comporte un feuillet tiré d'un roman raté d'un dénommé Monvel publié par Duchesne une décennie plus tôt, on peut présumer que la reliure fut réalisée à Paris. Enfin le cinquième spécimen et non le moins intéressant est un pamphlet royaliste daté de 1789. La page de garde se trouvant à la fin du livre consiste en un feuillet tiré de la première édition in-octavo des Mémoires de Saint-Simon publiés par Buisson en octobre 1788. Si l'on compare cet exemple avec une édition in-douze de Buisson (1788), il appert que le censeur fit plus de coupures dans l'in-octavo que dans le format plus petit. La reliure fut sans doute réalisée à Paris au début de l'année 1789. Les feuillets supprimés auraient été probablement vendus à un cartonnier comme c'était l'usage à l'époque mais, dans ce cas-ci, ils furent utilisés par un relieur de manière que le texte censuré soit aisément lisible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic death certification was established in France in 2007. A methodology based on intrinsic characteristics of death certificates was designed to compare the quality of electronic versus paper death certificates. Methods: All death certificates from the 2010 French mortality database were included. Three specific quality indicators were considered: (i) amount of information, measured by the number of causes of death coded on the death certificate; (ii) intrinsic consistency, explored by application of the International Classification of Disease (ICD) General Principle, using an international automatic coding system (Iris); (iii) imprecision, measured by proportion of death certificates where the selected underlying cause of death was imprecise. Multivariate models were considered: a truncated Poisson model for indicator (i) and binomial models for indicators (ii) and (iii). Adjustment variables were age, gender, and cause, place, and region of death. Results: 533,977death certificates were analyzed. After adjustment, electronic death certificates contained 19% [17%-20%] more codes than paper death certificates for people deceased under 65 years, and 12% [11%-13%] more codes for people deceased over 65 years. Regarding deceased under and over 65 respectively, the ICD General Principle could be applied 2% [0%-4%] and 6% [5%-7%] more to electronic than to paper death certificates. The proportion of imprecise death certificates was 51% [46%-56%] lower for electronic than for paper death certificates. Conclusion: The method proposed to evaluate the quality of death certificates is easily reproducible in countries using an automatic coding system. According to our criteria, electronic death certificates are better completed than paper death certificates. The transition to electronic death certificates is positive in many aspects and should be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

France’s reaction to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine was initially conciliatory. However, the current French President’ statements, Macron, gradually changed, suggesting a potential shift in France's stance. The French president recently suggested troops could be sent to Ukraine to fight the Russians, a move that could significantly impact the course of the war. Our paper aims to address this possibility. How feasible would this be from a military perspective? Second, are there any other relevant political actors that will support it? Third, why has Paris changed its position to such a radical stance? We start from the theoretical design of realist constructivism. Postcolonial theories and the concept of locked-in path dependence supported this research. The methods follow the path of historical synthesis, discourse analysis of key political actors, and text analysis of defense white papers. Quantitative military variables are used to understand France’s and the EU’s military-industrial complex capabilities and assess its potential. The collapse of France’s neocolonial empire in Africa and Russia’s growing influence in the region partially explains Macron’s discourse change. This is correlated with the need to follow a more independent European security policy and the worsening military situation in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of iron deficiency is high -even in the absence of anaemia- in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). Although iron deficiency is easily diagnosed with two biomarkers (serum ferritin and transferrin saturation), it is underdiagnosed in patients with HF. Iron is not only necessary for red blood cells, but also for cells in tissues with high-energy demands (heart, muscle, brain). Even before the onset of anaemia, HF patients with iron deficiency have decreased physical and cognitive performances and a poorer quality of life. Moreover, iron deficiency is a risk factor, independent of anaemia, of unfavourable outcome (death or heart transplantation) in patients with chronic HF. Several randomized controlled studies have shown improvement in exercise capacity, New York Heart Association functional class and quality of life after correction of iron deficiency. The results of these clinical trials, which are supported by European guidelines, suggest considering iron deficiency in HF as a possible therapeutic target., (Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

This paper considers the relationship between exile and migration as reflected in a case study of biblical exegesis in modern Jewish thought. I consider the place of the biblical figure of Joseph in an early text by Léon Askenazi (also known as Manitou), a North African kabbalist and French intellectual, and a key spiritual leader of Francophone Jewry in the second half of the twentieth century. The paper begins by locating Askenazi within the mass migration, or "repatriation", of the Algerian Jewish community to metropolitan France. I then examine and analyze the reinterpretation of Joseph in an early and unpublished text by Askenazi. I show how Askenazi's explication departs from a common reading of the Joseph story by recasting it as a positive diasporic narrative with direct contemporary implications. I argue that during Askenazi's early years in Paris, he sought to offer a "Josephic" model for Jewish life in postwar France, a model which also functioned as an alternative to the Zionist ethos of the negation of exile. The paper's conclusion reflects on how Askenazi's ideas may speak to conversations on religion and immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare locally aggressive monoclonal proliferation of myofibroblasts lacking metastatic capacity. It may be observed in nearly every part of the body. Considering the variable clinical presentations, anatomic locations, and biologic behaviors, an individualized treatment approach is required. The pathogenesis of DF is not completely understood even if a high prevalence (∼85%) of CTNNB1 mutations discovered in sporadic DF underlies the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. No established and evidence-based approach for the treatment of this neoplasm is available as of today. Considering the unpredictable behavior and the heterogeneity of this disease, we propose a treatment algorithm approved by the French and the Italian Sarcoma Group, based on a front-line wait and see approach and subsequent therapy in the case of progression. A careful counseling at a referral center is mandatory and should be offered to all patients affected by sporadic DF from the time of their diagnosis.

Papermaking apparently originated in China about two centuries before the Christian Era. Arabs learned the art in the eighth century and diffused it along North Africa, whence it spread into Spain in the twelfth century, into Italy in the thirteenth, and into France either near the beginning or near the middle of the fourteenth century. Around 1700 the French economy was in the middle of a protracted period of stagnation, and the paper industry was especially depressed. Several intendants stated at that time that papermaking had greatly declined over the past two decades, and the newly established Council of Trade learned from the survey it ordered in 1701 that the number of active mills was everywhere much smaller than formerly. Most of the evidence the author has sketched in this article reveals a direct correlation between the industry's expansion and the relaxation of direct governmental controls in France. After recovering from a long period of depression at the end of the seventeenth century, papermaking perhaps doubled its output between 1720 and 1789, with most of the growth coming after 1750.

The article presents a study comparing the concordance and the preference for two versions, electronic and paper of the faces pain intensity scale-revised (FPS-R) for use by children aged 4 and older. The study including 237 patients, was performed in two pediatric hospitals in France. The study concludes that electronic version of the FPS-R can be recommended for use with children aged 4 to 12 either in clinical trials or in hospitals to monitor pain intensity.

This study seeks to assess the extent to which die digital book market is structuring independently from the print edition market by comparing the pricing of 559 digital and print French and American bestsellers during 2011. Two pricing methods are distinguished: "homothetic pricing," where the digital pricing is a reflection of the print pricing, and "heterothetic pricing," where the digital price is set according to new rules. The French and American markets do not have the same propensity to overcome the pricing practices in the print book market: While the French market's e-book structure is mirroring that of the print book industry, die American market tends to be more independent. This can be explained by die significant structural, legal, and institutional differences between the publishing industries of both countries. In addition, some factors favor die "heterothetic" pricing method: the number of pages and the type of book influence the degree of differentiation between print and digital prices of the same title [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine market-shaping literature that investigates how markets evolve over time. We focus on how controversial innovations gain acceptance as the result of the intentional strategies put into place by companies. We've carried a qualitative research based on secondary data collected from several online sources. Our study describes how a new packaging, can, had been introduced to the highly conservative market of wine in France. Our findings shed light on the opportunity for practitioners to implement controversial innovation in conservative markets and introduce a set of strategies to achieve such purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a reassessment of French foreign policy during the Crimean War based on the papers of Adolphe de Bourqueney. Role played by Napoleon III in the formulation of inconsistencies in French policy; Classification of the papers produced by Bourqeney; Private letters from the foreign ministers of the time.

The article discusses a study identifying the effects of external factors on force and doctrine development through the exploration of three themes in the French directive of March 27, 1933. It notes that the study explores the roots of the French Air Force (armee de l'air), the foundations of its doctrine, and identifies some of the main lessons from the Great War. The study attempts to identify some lessons learned from the conflict of the airpower supporters with their opponents.

Multidisciplinary management of worsening heart failure (HF) in the elderly improves survival. To ensure patients have access to adequate care, the current HF and French health authority guidelines advise establishing a clearly defined HF patient pathway. This pathway involves coordinating multiple disciplines to manage decompensating HF. Yet, recent registry data indicate that insufficient numbers of patients receive specialised cardiology care, which increases the risk of rehospitalisation and mortality. The patient pathway in France involves three key stages: presentation with decompensated HF, stabilisation within a hospital setting and transitional care back out into the community. In each of these three phases, HF diagnosis, severity and precipitating factors need to be promptly identified and managed. This is particularly pertinent in older, frail patients who may present with atypical symptoms or coexisting comorbidities and for whom geriatric evaluation may be needed or specific geriatric syndrome management implemented. In the transition phase, multi-professional post-discharge management must be coordinated with community health care professionals. When the patient is discharged, HF medication must be optimised, and patients educated about self-care and monitoring symptoms. This review provides practical guidance to clinicians managing worsening HF in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Changing the food environment is an important public health lever for encouraging sustainable food choices. Targeting the availability of vegetarian main meals served in cafeterias substantially affects food choice, but acceptability has never been assessed. We examined the effects of an availability intervention at a French university cafeteria on students' main meal choices, meal offer satisfaction and liking. Methods: A four-week controlled trial was conducted in a university cafeteria in Dijon, France. During the two-week control period, vegetarian main meals constituted 24% of the offer. In the subsequent two-week intervention period, this proportion increased to 48%, while all the other menu items remained unchanged. Students were not informed of the change. Student choices were tracked using production data, and daily paper ballots were used to assess student satisfaction with the meal offer and liking of the main meal they chose (score range [1;5]). Nutritional quality, environmental impact, and cost of production of meal choices were calculated for each lunchtime. Food waste was measured over 4 lunchtimes during control and intervention periods. An online questionnaire collected student feedback at the end of the study. Results: Doubling availability of vegetarian main meals significantly increased the likelihood of choosing vegetarian options (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = [2.41; 2.74]). Responses of the paper ballots (n = 18,342) indicated slight improvements in meal offer satisfaction from 4.05 ± 0.92 to 4.07 ± 0.93 (p = 0.028) and in liking from 4.09 ± 0.90 to 4.13 ± 0.92 (p < 0.001) during control and intervention periods, respectively. The end-of-study questionnaire (n = 510) revealed that only 6% of students noticed a change the availability of vegetarian main meals. The intervention led to a decrease in the environmental impact of the main meals chosen, a slight decrease in nutritional quality, a slight increase in meal costs and no change in food waste. Conclusions: Doubling availability of vegetarian main meals in a university cafeteria resulted in a twofold increase in their selection, with students reporting being more satisfied and liking the main meals more during the intervention period. These results suggest that serving an equal proportion of vegetarian and nonvegetarian main meals could be considered in French university cafeterias to tackle environmental issues. Trial registration: Study protocol and analysis plan were pre-registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pf3x7/). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the global energy crisis in 2022, the Spanish and Portuguese governments introduced a subsidy to natural gas ("the Iberian exception"), attempting to lower the wholesale electricity market prices, with the understanding that gas-fired-combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) are price-setting technologies most of the time, directly or indirectly. The subsidy succeeded in lowering the market price but induced several other effects, such as (1) the increase in cleared energy in the Spanish market (mostly produced with gas), (2) the bias in the import/export cross-border position between Spain and France (Spain became a net exporter to France immediately), or (3) the consequent increase in congestion rents, which serve to lightly finance the subsidy, among other effects. This paper provides a framework for clustering the different effects based on the market participation phases: the subsidy, the market bidding, the market results, and surplus and rents. Moreover, this paper builds on the theoretical market models, with and without subsidies, and with and without cross-border exchanges. Based on the real market bids, the subsidies, and the generators' data, we reconstruct the supply and demand curves and simulate the counterfactual market scenarios in order to illustrate and quantify the effects. We highlight the quantification of the theoretical effect of the transfer of rents, from non-fossil to fossil fuel producers, induced by the gas subsidy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many patients, notably among elderly nursing home residents, no plans about end-of-life decisions and palliative care are made. Consequently, when these patients experience life-threatening events, decisions to withhold or withdraw life-support raise major challenges for emergency healthcare professionals. Emergency department premises are not designed for providing the psychological and technical components of end-of-life care. The continuous inflow of large numbers of patients leaves little time for detailed assessments, and emergency department staff often lack training in end-of-life issues. For prehospital medical teams (in France, the physician-staffed mobile emergency and intensive care units known as SMURs), implementing treatment withholding and withdrawal decisions that may have been made before the acute event is not the main focus. The challenge lies in circumventing the apparent contradiction between the need to make immediate decisions and the requirement to set up a complex treatment project that may lead to treatment withholding and/or withdrawal. Laws and recommendations are of little assistance for making treatment withholding and withdrawal decisions in the emergency setting. The French Intensive Care Society (Société de Réanimation de Langue Française, SRLF) and French Society of Emergency Medicine (Société Française de Médecine d'Urgence, SFMU) tasked a panel of emergency physicians and intensivists with developing a document to serve both as a position paper on life-support withholding and withdrawal in the emergency setting and as a guide for professionals providing emergency care. The task force based its work on the available legislation and recommendations and on a review of published studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on William Doyle's and Michelle Vovelle's interpretations of the French Revolution. Consequences of using the revisionist writing; Convergence of the texts of Doyle and Vovelle; Meaning of ideological conflicts; Revolutionary consciousness of the elite.

Addressing sustainability challenges requires fundamental transformations in electricity, heat, mobility, and agri-food systems. To do so, research and policy efforts tend to emphasise the importance of fostering new, more sustainable systems through innovation. Instead, this paper focuses explicitly on the "flipside" of innovation: The fate of established systems faced with their potential destabilisation and decline. It is argued that any transition in consumption-production systems involves a combination of innovation (something new emerges) and destabilisation (something old is being challenged). To examine the role of destabilisation, decline, and phase-out for policy and practice efforts, this paper advances conceptual and empirical contributions. Conceptually, it elaborates a framework based on three interacting destabilisation mechanisms: The build-up of pressures, strategic responses by central system actors, and changing commitments to reproductive activities. Empirically, it draws on the historic dismantling of electric tramways in France. The decline of the tramway in France followed a gradual erosion pattern resulting from the long-term degradation of technical, political, and economic conditions, which was accelerated by a relatively rapid phase-out programme. A discussion section offers insights on the temporality of destabilisation, the context of phase-out decisions, and the interaction of destabilisation and innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical students are potential marketing targets for pharmaceutical companies because established prescribing habits are not easily altered. In 2014, Bruno Etain and several other researchers published a paper which investigated the knowledge of and opinions on potential conflict of interest (COI) with regard to preclinical and clinical students enrolled in medical schools in France and residents working in hospitals. An empirical survey study with Korean medical students concerning their educational experiences and views on conflicts of interest and comparing and contrasting the results with Etain's study of French medical students. Receipt of direct or indirect financial offerings from pharmaceutical industries was not properly recognised as COI by the medical students. Therefore, strengthening education on COI and implementing institutional improvements for COI disclosure are essential to prevent bias caused by COI and enhance awareness levels regarding COI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The burden of mental health disorders in Europe is well above the world average and has increased from 11.5% to 13.9% of the total disease burden in 2000 and 2015. That from dementia has increased rapidly, and overtaken that from depression as the leading component. There have been no analyses of the research activity in Europe to combat this burden. Methodology We identified research papers in the Web of Science (WoS) with a complex mental health disorders filter based on title words and journal names in the years 2001-18, and downloaded their details for analysis. Results European mental health disorders research represented less than 6% of the total biomedical research. We estimate that research expenditure in Europe on mental health disorders amounted to about €5.4 billion in 2018. The Scandinavian countries, with Croatia and Estonia, published the most relative to their wealth, but the outputs of France and Romania were less than half the amounts expected. Discussion and conclusions The burden from mental health disorders is increasing rapidly in Europe, but research was only half what would have been proportional. Suicide & self-harm, and alcohol misuse, were also neglected by researchers, particularly since the latter also causes many physical burdens, such as foetal alcohol syndrome, interpersonal violence, and road traffic accidents. Other relatively neglected subjects are sexual disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity and sleep disorders. There is an increasing volume of research on alternative (non-drug) therapies, particularly for post-traumatic stress and eating disorders, notably in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting the environment and climate change are the main talking points in the modern world. This leads to increasing political involvement in the matter. This circumstance, as well as changing macroeconomic parameters, are the background to the investigation undertaken in this paper. The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the impact of value drivers on company value and the relationship between them. Based on the research questions, an identification and quantification of internal drivers of company value constitutes the first step. Analysis 1 is done by means of a multiple linear regression analysis. In the second step, these examined internal drivers are used in an investigation to verify and quantify the influence of external drivers (GDP, environmental tax and the Fraser index). Analysis 2 is done via a specific structural equation model (path analysis). Data in this paper are drawn from selected industrial sectors (metal, paper, and chemical) of three European countries (France, Germany, and Italy) within the period of 2006-2015. The findings show that size and profit margin are the most relevant internal drivers. GDP is the most relevant external driver with an impact on internal drivers. GDP always has a positive impact on added value. The results also indicate that the impact of GDP is higher in periods of economic crisis. Another outcome of the paper is that only in France do the environmental tax and the Fraser index have a clear impact on added value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper brings to the attention of researchers the morphological changes of metal oxides, which appear as a result of the process of physical solar vapor deposition (SPVD) based on experiments carried out at the CNRS-PROMES laboratory, UPR 8521, belonging to the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). The SPVD process is an innovative tool who has been developed in 2 kW solar furnaces at Odeillo-Font Romeu, France, to synthesis pure and doped nanoparticles, such as: ZnO, CeO2, ZrO2, BiO2, SiO. A variety of metal oxides nanoparticles have been obtained by focusing solar energy on pellets of commercial powders through the controlled process of vaporization followed by condensation directed on a cooper tube or on nanoporous filter. After the micrograph analysis the change of shape and dimension can be observed depending on the type of oxide and the process parameters. It is noticed the appearance of new morphologies, not found in other synthesis methods. The paper brings new information about morphological and dimensional changes after synthesis by physical process which can be essential for researchers, in the choice of methods for the elaboration of nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularisation of legal knowledge is a critical issue for equal access to law and justice. Legal discourse has been justly criticised for its obscure terminology and convoluted phrasing, which notably led to the Plain Language Movement in English-speaking countries. In Canada, the concept of Plain Language has been applied to French since the 1980s due to the official policy of bilingualism, while the concept has only been recently discussed in France. In this paper, we examine the impact of Plain Language rewriting on legal phraseology in French popularisation contexts. The first aim of our study is to see if plain texts published in France contain more traces of legal phraseology than French Canadian texts. Our second objective is to determine if a 'phraseology of plain language' can be identified across genres and languages. To do this, we compare two corpora of expert-to-expert legal texts written in French—made up, respectively, of legislative texts published in France and judicial texts published by the Supreme Court of Canada—with two corpora of texts that are claimed to have been written in Plain French Language for a non-expert readership—texts that guide laypersons through legal and administrative processes in France and summaries of decisions by the Supreme Court of Canada. Using n-grams, we extract and discuss the patterns that emerge from the corpora. In particular, our analyses rely on the concept of 'lexico–grammatical patterns', defined as the minimal unit of meaningful text made up of recurrent sequences of lexical and grammatical items. We then identify a sample of recurring lexico–grammatical patterns and their discursive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Project marketing is the specific activity of companies selling projects-to-order. Interpersonal practice is known to be important in this type of marketing. While this interpersonal practice has been little studied, some previous research suggests that changes in the institutional macro environment have affected it. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study today's interpersonal practice in project business and how the institutional environment conditions it. Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with marketing managers at project-based firms in different business sectors in France and Sweden. Data collection and analysis was informed by grounded theory. Findings: The paper identifies three types of interpersonal practice in project marketing, referred to as the transactional, the work-based and the socializing. Changes in these are explained in relation to the three institutional logics identified in the data: the market institutional logic of business ethics, the corporate institutional logic of rationalization and the family institutional logic of gender equality. Research limitations/implications: Future studies can continue and broaden this work as it regards how the institutional conditioning of interpersonal practice varies with context. Practical implications: By clearly categorizing the three types of interpersonal practice and their relative role today, companies can orient the activities of salespeople, business developers and other project marketers. Social implications: The paper highlights how business ethics and gender equality have changed interpersonal practices in project marketing. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the current debate on project marketing by identifying three types of interpersonal practice and by illustrating how institutional logics condition and change these. The paper shows that extra-business activities are needed less than previous research has argued with regard to maintaining customer relationships in-between projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. Telemedicine has been able to bring healthcare services to all people in far locations such as the sea. Our main objective was to overview the main features, challenges, and requirements of applying telemedicine at sea. Methods. The electronic search includes all types of papers published in English. It was performed in four databases with keywords to Feb 2023. Next, main categories were defined to extract major concepts. By mapping extracted themes, maritime telemedicine concepts were represented in two conceptual models. Results. After screening the papers based on title and abstract, 18 articles remained. They can be divided into 13 categories based on their clinical domains. Out of 18 reviewed articles, six articles were published in 2020. The greatest number of studies with five articles was conducted in France. Evidence showed that maritime telemedicine service can be provided to all kinds of ships. Regarding clinical domains, the greatest demand belonged to primary care problems (5 papers) and general health assessment (4 papers). Challenges were divided into four main categories. Moreover, the required services and equipment in four categories were described too. Finally, a conceptual model is represented for providing telemedicine services at sea using satellite Internet. Conclusion. Despite the existing challenges in providing the required equipment and resources for the implementation of maritime medicine, it has an important role in providing better care for seafarers without time limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this data paper, the sea level time series at Socoa (Saint-Jean-de-Luz, southwestern France) is extended through a data archaeology exercise. We conducted a comprehensive study of national and local archives to catalogue water level records stored in ledgers (handwritten record books) and charts (marigrams from mechanical float gauges), along with other associated documents (metadata). A dedicated effort was undertaken to preserve more than 2000 documents by archiving them in digital formats. Using this large set of rescued documents, the Socoa time series has been extended back to 1875, with more than 58 station-years of additional data. The final time series has hourly sampling, while the raw dataset has a finer sampling frequency of up to 5 min. By analysing precise levelling information, we assessed the continuity of the vertical datum. We also compared the new century-long time series to nearby tide gauge data to ensure its datum consistency. While the overall quality of the time series is generally good, siltation of the stilling well has occasionally affected certain parts of the record. We have successfully identified these impacted periods and flagged the corresponding data as doubtful. This extended high-resolution sea level time series at Socoa, spanning more than 100 years, will be valuable for advancing climate research, particularly when studying the decadal-scale variations in the North Atlantic and investigating the storminess and extreme events along the French Basque coast. The raw digitized water level, the processed dataset, metadata, and the python notebooks used for processing are available at 10.5281/zenodo.7438469 (Khan et al., 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on day-ahead electricity load forecasting for substations of the distribution network in France; therefore, the corresponding problem lies between the instability of a single consumption and the stability of a countrywide total demand. Moreover, this problem requires to forecast the loads of over one thousand substations; consequently, it belongs to the field of multiple time series forecasting. To that end, the paper applies an adaptive methodology that provided excellent results at a national scale; the idea is to combine generalized additive models with state-space representations. However, extending this methodology to the prediction of over a thousand time series raises a computational issue. It is solved by developing a frugal variant that reduces the number of estimated parameters: forecasting models are estimated only for a few time series and transfer learning is achieved by relying on aggregation of experts. This approach yields a reduction of computational needs and their associated emissions. Several variants are built, corresponding to different levels of parameter transfer, to find the best trade-off between accuracy and frugality. The selected method achieves competitive results compared to individual models. Finally, the paper highlights the interpretability of the models, which is important for operational applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auctions are increasingly used to support renewable energy sources (RES). The choice of the remuneration scheme is one of the major design challenges policymakers face. This paper analyzes the effects of remuneration schemes on RES auctions' success in markets with imperfect competition. I develop a game-theoretical auction/operation framework to model the feedback effects between the spot market's strategic behavior and the auction stage's bidding behavior. The analysis indicates that policymakers concerned about true-cost bidding, allocative efficiency, spot price, total payments to RES, and non-realization risk may prefer feed-in-tariff (FIT) remuneration. However, feed-in-premium (FIP) remunerations may outperform FIT ones from a social welfare perspective, particularly in markets with dirty technologies at the margin. A machine-learning-based simulation strategy is also presented, indicating that, for an auction for 14 GW of onshore wind in France, FIP auction with a winning incumbent leads to 1.40% higher prices than FIT ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]