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Purpose: This study aims to examine two innovation zones in China, including the Suzhou Industrial Park and Tianjin Eco-city, to gain a comprehensive understanding of city locations attributes and its relationship to inward foreign direct investment (FDI) from multinational enterprises (MNEs) in innovation zones embedded in nonhub cities in China. Design/methodology/approach: This research incorporates two site visits and in-depth interviews with 39 personnel working with innovation zones. Thematic analysis is used to analyze interview data and documents. Findings: The results highlight that cities can use innovation zones as a strategy to build high scale knowledge community precincts to connect MNEs and other global actors. As an important institutional feature of city locations, innovation zones increase within-city connectivity and connect cities in global networks resulting in cross-city connectivity to attract FDI from MNEs. From a dynamic knowledge community perspective, this research also compares active and passive approaches toward building knowledge communities and identifies several elements of knowledge communities within innovation zones in China. Research limitations/implications: The research results could be further explored in other institutional and economic contexts, to understand the interplay of city locations, FDI and innovation zones, and the dynamics of building knowledge communities. Practical implications: This research has several implications for policymakers and administrators who work with municipal economic development and the development and enhancement of innovation zones. It offers recommendations for MNEs to consider where to make foreign investments and the advantages innovation zones may offer to support FDI. Originality/value: This research contributes to the literature related to economic development and how nonhub cities can attract FDI and join global networks. It offers empirical insights drawn from two successful innovation zones located in nonhub cities in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines intercultural practices of an English program taught by international volunteers at a village school in rural Sri Lanka. Viewing learning contexts as complex adaptive systems, this research delineates the multi-layer complexity of intercultural contexts and discusses that intercultural learning practices are intertwined with actors and locations. By conducting two-month field work and 27 in-depth interviews, this research offers fresh insights looking into intercultural practices on a community level which involve international volunteer teachers, village students, their parents and village people. From the perspective of nexus of practice, the results highlight that emotional encounters and social interactions on a community level are central to intercultural learning. The results offer implications for intercultural educators and practitioners considering the recent multilingual landscape of rural villages in developing countries. We call for reflexive understandings of intercultural learning and online space which go beyond the traditional notions of the nation-state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]