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Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common valve pathology experienced by patients worldwide. There are limited population-based studies assessing its prevalence; however, epidemiological studies emphasize that the burden of disease is growing. Recognizing AS relies on accurate clinical assessment and diagnostic investigations. Patients who develop severe AS are often referred to the heart team for assessment of aortic valve intervention. Although echocardiography has traditionally been used to screen and monitor the progression of AS, there can be discordance between measurements in a low-flow state. Such patients may have truly severe AS and potentially derive long-term benefit from aortic valve intervention. Accurately identifying these patients with the use of ancillary testing has been the focus of research for several years. In this article, we discuss the contemporary approaches and challenges in identifying and managing patients with low-flow, low-gradient severe AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about stevia, a perennial shrub which serves as a natural and healthy alternative to sugar and artificial sweeteners. This herbal sweetener has sweet tasting glycosides, primarily Stevioside which help reduce postprandial blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Studies on the general and reproductive toxicity of stevia demonstrates its safety profile at high dietary intake levels. Meanwhile, it has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a dietary supplement or herb.