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Education and employee development are among the most important areas where employers can look for new efficient ways and methods for gaining a competitive advantage in the form of employee knowledge. Systematic education increases the potential of the workforce which has a positive impact on all organisation processes in all sectors, including agriculture. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the deployment of educational methods in Czech agricultural organisations and to assess their efficiency within the educational process. The data was obtained through a quantitative survey, specifically a questionnaire, among selected agricultural organisations operating in the Czech Republic (n = 70). The evaluation involved independence tests (the 2 test) and multi-dimensional statistics (factor analysis). The results showed that most of the surveyed agricultural organisations have implemented an educational process in order to develop competencies among their staff. Among the surveyed organisations, the results have identified 4 organisational approaches to the use of educational methods (0.404 - 0.860) and two ways how to evaluate their efficiency in the educational process (0.519 - 0.889). Testing has proven a correlation between whether an agricultural organisation develops education systematically, plans educational activities for a pre-defined period and evaluates the efficiency of educational activities using selected identification variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper defined saturation of an insert product placement as a part of marketing communication. Product placement is known as a modern tool of marketing communication and so that product placement and its types and forms are not so casual used in the Czech Republic as in other parts of the world. The mentioned issues are explained from the perspectives of three groups: TV studios experts, directors and producers and other experts (media agencies and advertisers). Types and forms of this marketing communication tool as well as options of its utilization are also mentioned in the paper.The Czech Republic market where product placement occurs is very small - only few television companies. The primary aim of the paper is to identify the intensity of two essential areas expressing product placement using - natural (non-invasive) insert and contrived (invasive) insert. Moreover, conflicting interests of the interested parties (advertiser - ordering party, producer and television) are observed in the paper too. The last issue discussed in this paper is to what extent the degree of product placement implementation can affect the script and what impact on quality and specifics of an audiovisual work can this script modification have.

Education and employee development are among the most important areas where employers can look for new efficient ways and methods for gaining a competitive advantage in the form of employee knowledge. Systematic education increases the potential of the workforce which has a positive impact on all organisation processes in all sectors, including agriculture. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the deployment of educational methods in Czech agricultural organisations and to assess their efficiency within the educational process. The data was obtained through a quantitative survey, specifically a questionnaire, among selected agricultural organisations operating in the Czech Republic (n = 70). The evaluation involved independence tests (the χ2 test) and multi-dimensional statistics (factor analysis). The results showed that most of the surveyed agricultural organisations have implemented an educational process in order to develop competencies among their staff. Among the surveyed organisations, the results have identified 4 organisational approaches to the use of educational methods (0.404 – 0.860) and two ways how to evaluate their efficiency in the educational process (0.519 – 0.889). Testing has proven a correlation between whether an agricultural organisation develops education systematically, plans educational activities for a pre-defined period and evaluates the efficiency of educational activities using selected identification variables.

This paper presents results from a study of Czech Local Action Groups (LAGs), focusing on gaining knowledge about their internally perceived legitimacy and their potential role in local adaptation to climate change. Former studies on the role of governance networks in climate change adaptation have suggested that these networks’ legitimacy are crucial for their success. In this article we provide an analytical framework that can be used to address different aspects of local governance networks which are important for their legitimacy and the way they are apt as instruments for climate change adaptation actions. We also present a survey among LAG members that provide empirical data that we discuss in the article. The framework and the data are discussed with reference to existing contributions in the intersection of legitimacy, governance networks and climate change adaptation. A specific aim is to provide research based recommendations for further improving LAGs as an adaptation instrument. In addition, knowledge is generated that will be interesting for further studies of similar local governance initiatives in the climate change adaptation context.

Looking for factors affecting business performance is one of a central concern of business economists for several years. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is a management tool that provides additional and more accurate information on the costs and company performance, thus contributes to better manager decision making, and thus has potential to affect the financial performance. This paper aims to investigate the link between the use of ABC among corporations in the Czech Republic and improvement in corporate financial performance. The empirical survey was carried out among 548 Czech medium-sized and large companies from various economic sectors. Financial performance was measured by standardized Return on Assets from 2005 to 2011. The ABC expansion among enterprises in the Czech Republic is currently comparable with neighbouring countries, although the extent of its use is lower. Surprising but statistically significant results show that businesses that use ABC have on average the same or even lower financial performance than businesses without ABC.

The paper deals with the macrostructural and microstructural landscape changes in six selected microregions in Moravia and eastern Bohemia. Changes of the landscape macrostructure were evaluated based on the statistical data from 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2013. Changes of the landscape microstructure were compared on the base of old maps, aerial images and field experiences. According to the available data the area of an arable land was the largest in 1845. Since then it has been decreasing – more in mountain areas, less in lowland ones where it was replaced by forests, grasslands and urban areas, depending on the vegetation period, physical character and vicinity of urban centres. Results show that the microstructure recorded great changes during the communist period: large expanses of fields, irrigation and drainage measures, windbreaks, non-rural buildings in the countryside. Contemporary changes are connected mostly with urbanisation of the landscape.

Member States of the European Union in the period of years 2007–2013 increased the rate of value added tax several times in an attempt to consolidate public budgets. While the Czech Republic is a typical representative of country changing VAT rates several times, Slovakia made practically only one change in the VAT rate. On the other hand, the Slovak Republic is a country where the reduced rate is applied only to the minimum of commodities. Changes in VAT are naturally reflected in household expenditures which are analyzed by the consumer basket, whose composition is also a subject of changes. Another factor that has an impact on household spending is swapping commodities between the rates of VAT.The aim of this paper is, based on the analytic-synthetic methods, to determine how are these changes differently manifested in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in reference to the share of commodity consumption included in the standard and reduced VAT rates and to the exempt transactions, and, in particular, to determine how they affected the VAT burden of the hypothetical household in both countries.

Tax interventions into alcohol beverages market are an important and recently discussed tool of the Czech fiscal policy. The impact of any such measure would be strongly dependent on the microeconomic behavior of the consumers. The aim of this paper is to provide a reliable set of income, own-price, and cross-price elasticities of demand for the key alcohol beverages based on the Almost Ideal Demand System model applied on the most relevant Czech data set of the Household Budget Statistics.

Within the frame of the entire economy, the modern conception of Age Management enables each and every employee to use their full potential without being put at a disadvantage for age reasons. Despite the fact that this area is important in terms of current demographic development, there are organisations that do not implement its measures. The article therefore concentrates on the identification and evaluation of Age Management application by Czech agricultural businesses. The data analysed was obtained based on a quantitative survey in which data was collected by means of a questionnaire survey (total companies: n=315, agricultural businesses: na=60). The outcomes show that Czech agricultural businesses are not quite familiar with the application of Age Management measures. One of the conclusions of the article is that from the social point of view Age Management measures may help improve the situation on the labour market, labour productivity, encourage young people to work in the agricultural sector and, last but not least, build, on the organisational level, an employer's brand. Application of Age Management causes on the employees performance but also on the costs reduce and p rofit increase. This contribution is a follow-up to the project of University - wide internal grant agency (CIGA), number 20141002 - Human resource branding using of the new strategic trends in organisations in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]