Search

The purpose of this paper is to examine cyber security issues related to smart grids (SGs), such as prior cyber‐attacks, possible vulnerability issues, and enhanced cyber‐security procedures for SGs on a technical and management basis. When designing public policies for SGs, it is important to consider both the motivations and obstacles to cyber protection and socio‐economic conditions. Furthermore, the importance of suggested policies is viewed from various perspectives. The present paper provides an assessment of a group of policies specified by various stakeholders as having the potential for developing SG cyber security. The methodology for the formation of such a group of policies includes a perfect examination of global experience and meetings with experts from various fields. Subsequently, such policies are evaluated using a Delphi questionnaire aimed at assessing their advantages in pursuing investment goals for cyber security. The first result is that every policy is considered a positive effect of all goals, different in the priority assigned to each of them. The policies that received the most attention were: "regulatory changes policy to foster innovation in cyber security of SGs," "regulation of new business models to improve cyber security and detect malicious attacks" and "establish a cyber‐security governance strategy." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different methods and possible solutions in cyber security in SGs are summarized. • The interactive features of cyber security, modeling and mechanisms are discussed in detail. • The characteristics and applicability of various cyber-attack models are technically presented and analyzed. • The cutting-edge cyber security techniques in SGs and energy systems in various research are discussed. • Possible potential research directions regarding CPSs are highlighted. • Decisive problem-solving approaches are analyzed and concluded comprehensively. Due to the advancement in communication networks, metering and smart control systems, as well as the prevalent use of Internet-based structures, new forms of power systems have seen moderate changes with respect to several aspects of contradictory Cyber–Physical Power Systems (CPPSs). These structures usually have connections between power sections and cyber parts. CPPSs confront newly emerging issues including stability, resiliency, reliability, vulnerability and also security. Studying, analyzing and providing solutions to mitigate or solve these problems highly depend on accurate modeling methods and examining the interaction mechanisms associated with the cyber-security of Smart Grids (SGs). This paper aims to systematically summarize different methods and techniques and to review corresponding solution approaches in cyber-security in energy systems. In the first step, we discuss the interactive features of cyber-security; then, their modeling and mechanisms are reviewed and summarized in detail. Furthermore, the characteristics and applicability of different cyber-attack models are technically discussed and analyzed. The cutting-edge cyber security approaches such as blockchain and quantum computing in SGs and power systems are stated, and recent research directions are highlighted. The decisive problem-solving approaches and defense mechanisms are presented. Finally, some points regarding the role of cyber-security in the future of SGs are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]