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Large corporations and media companies can form corporate networks through directors who hold positions on multiple boards, potentially enabling business elites to influence the media. This article investigates the relationship between corporate networks and media capture in two Latin American countries. We performed a network analysis of interlocking directorates to uncover these corporate networks, and conducted in-depth interviews with elites to identify two varieties of media capture: coordinated and competitive. Our findings indicate that media companies embedded in cohesive corporate networks are subject to coordinated media capture, whereas media outlets in fragmented corporate networks experience competitive media capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research on networks and innovation has experienced a rapid growth in social sciences since the beginning of the century. The large production of papers on networks and innovation impedes making single statements, and a simple state-of-the-art would probably overlook a great number of publications. The present study conducts a meta-analysis of the scientific production on networks and innovation published in social science journals indexed by Web of Science. We identity hot topics, influential authors and theories, main disciplines, contributing institutions, and through bibliographic coupling (papers using similar references) and network analysis, we present insights from the intellectual structure of this field of research. Findings reveal (1) while management studies keep this field alive, it is in sociology that the bases of knowledge arise; and (2) a structural perspective dominates the field where network properties and relational resources influence innovative behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One means of examining the structure of a scientific discipline consists of analyzing the editorial boards of its most influential journals. This work analyzes the networks among the top 100 sociology journals, formed by multiple memberships of editors to distinct boards (interlocking editorship). The results suggest that a small number of editors having similar profiles simultaneously serve on a variety of journal boards; top journals form a large and united community, with Anglo-Saxon universities dominating the same; universities from countries located in the Southern Hemisphere hold a marginal position; and general sociology journals are more connected than specialized sociology journals. These findings contribute to debates on disciplinary segmentation, degrees of internationalization, openness to nonacademic sectors and trajectories of the scientific "elite". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This paper explores the relationship between corporate networks and business influence to figure out the conditions of state capture. Methodology: We analyze corporate networks through interlocking directorates in three Central American countries - Panama, Costa Rica, and El Salvador - using network analysis, and we pinpoint the relationship between the structure of the corporate network and two corporate political actions: contributions to presidential campaigns and revolving doors. Conclusions: Results show corporate networks were fragmented in the three Central American countries, except for a well-connected business cluster in Panama. The organization of business elites based on a single cohesive business cluster could facilitate coordination to finance political parties, which gives them more strength to demand government posts. On the other side, the absence of connections between business elites makes it difficult to reach agreements and weaken business influence. Findings suggest that networking among some (not all) business elites can be a source that precedes state capture, as it organizes access to the state through collective mobilization of resources and coordinated action planning. Originality: This paper is the first study on networks of interlocking directorates in Central American economies and combines original data on contributions to electoral campaigns and revolving doors. Therefore, it can be a benchmark for future studies on business power. In addition, this study introduces the analysis of interlocking directorates in the literature on state capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research maps the business and political elite networks in Mexico to understand the social organization and influence capacity of Mexican elites, and to open up avenues of research on power elites in Mexico. First, a study of the internal cohesion of the business elites is carried out through an analysis of networks of interlocking directorates and ownership ties. Secondly, we examine several cases of revolving doors through a prosopographic analysis of biographies and trajectories. The results reveal that the Mexican business elites are cohesive and that a group of individuals fluctuate between the public and private sectors. In addition, the combination of both analyses shows that corporations or business groups with access to the State via revolving doors are well-connected firms in the network of interlocking directorates. Findings suggest the emergence of a public-private ruling class in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable active films were prepared by casting, using corn starch, with differing oxidation degree, bovine gelatin, glycerol, as a plasticizer, and ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) as antimicrobial compound. The films were characterized as to their microstructure, physical properties and water affinity. Starch oxidation with sodium periodate (SP) greatly improved polymer compatibility and crosslinking, especially at 1:1 glucose:SP molar ratio, which promoted the films’ strength (40–92%) and barrier capacity (33 and 40% reduction in water vapour and oxygen permeability, respectively in LAE-free films), while Maillard reactions promoted the film browning. LAE, with amino and carbonyl groups, participated in the condensation reactions, interfering in the network crosslinking. All films with LAE showed bactericidal effect against Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli and LAE free films with oxidized starch inhibited the growth of both bacteria by 1–2 log CFU, due to the antimicrobial properties of Maillard compounds. Blend films with the most oxidized starch and gelatin containing LAE are promising materials for food packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Diagncstico y Evaluacicn Psicolcgica is the property of Asociacion Iberoamericana de Diagnostico y Evaluacion Psicologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes, compares, and explains the corporate elite networks formed by interlocking directorates across five Latin American economies in order to comprehend why corporate elites are interconnected by cohesive networks in some countries and not in others. Results show cohesive elite networks in Mexico, Chile, and to some extent in Peru, but not in Brazil and Colombia. After testing and rejecting the hypotheses from existing theories, the author identifies complementarities among cohesive corporate elite networks, state–business relations through strong encompassing business associations, and market openness. In economies where state–business relations are mediated by strong encompassing business associations and open up to free trade with developed economies, corporate elites form cohesive networks, whereas in economies with weak encompassing business associations and low trade openness, corporate elites do not form cohesive networks. These novel explanations are useful to understand corporate elite networks in emerging economies, and a benchmark for future studies on corporate elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingenium is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Basicas e Ingenieria de Universidad de San Buenaventura, Revista Ingenium and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Conflicting perspectives appear when thinking about the emergence of a cohesive transnational corporate network in Latin America. On the one hand, regional political integration, foreign investment growth, increased cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and cultural and linguistic homogeneity may have fostered transnational networks among Latin America's corporate elites. On the other hand, domestic-based business groups, family control and trade orientation to the USA may have hindered the emergence of a cohesive transnational corporate network in Latin America. Based on a network analysis of interlocking directorates among the 300 largest corporations in Latin America, I ask whether the region's corporate elites interconnect at the transnational level and form a cohesive transnational corporate network. I found few transnational interlocks, a lack of cohesion in the transnational corporate network and no regional leaders. Corporate elites in Latin America are not transnationally interconnected and so a cohesive transnational corporate network has not emerged. I discuss implications and avenues of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research analyzes national corporate interlock networks and their causal conditions. The objective is two-fold: 1) to specify types of corporate networks, and 2) to pinpoint the causal configurations that give rise to each type of corporate network. First, corporate networks on basis of interlocking directorates are analyzed and compared using social network analysis to empirically derive a typology. The results show two types of corporate networks: cohesive corporate networks which are based on unification, centralization and strength ties; and dispersed corporate networks which are characterized by fragmentation, decentralization and single ties. Second, combinations of causal conditions that explain the emergence of each type of corporate networks are identified using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Finally, avenues of research on corporate interlock networks are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Sociología is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the cohesion of business elites has been associated with income concentration and regressive policies, few studies have investigated in depth the role of business elite networks in macrosocial issues such as redistributive social policies. This research explores the relationship between business elite networks and redistributive social policies in several Latin American countries. To do so, this paper (1) examines business elite networks applying a network analysis of interlocking directorates, and (2) performs a cross-national comparative analysis of the cohesiveness of business elite networks, coverage and incidence of social protection and labor programs, and other variables. Results show that where business elites formed cohesive networks, social protection and labor programs were more inclusive. In conjunction with other factors, business cohesion plays a crucial role in business elites' acceptance of redistributive social policies because it enables long-term cost-sharing agreements, reduces uncertainty and internal divergent interests, and facilitates inducement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the psychometric properties and the structural organization of a questionnaire designed to assess the social perception of air pollution and its health risks in the Valle de Aburrá (Colombia), a geographical area where environmental problems associated with air pollution have been identified. Methods A descriptive study was carried out, in which a questionnaire was designed and validated to determine three dimensions of social perception of air pollution: the socio-territorial dimension, the socio-cognitive dimension and the behavioral dimension. Some socio-demographical variables were also included. After the pilot study, the dimensions of the analysis were organized into 12 categories, made up of 111 items with Likert scales of four or five response options. The instrument was applied to a non-random sample of 318 participants, who were residents of Medellin city and Girardota town. Results After exploratory factor analysis (varimax rotation), the questionnaire was reduced to 68 items assessing seven dimensions of social perception of air pollution and its health risks. The total variance explained is 75 %, and the overall Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.9. Discussion The dimensions found allow us to develop an approach to the structural organization of the social perception of air pollution in the context of study. Although some socio-cognitive and behavioral dimensions were confirmed, the socio-territorial dimension and the personal involvement variable were not configured as structural components and, conceptually, they need to be reworked. Confirmatory structural analysis of the dimensions of the questionnaire is required.