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The paper analyzes the geopolitical and military circumstances of the emergence of Serbian war plans created in the event of a Serbian-Bulgarian military conflict, based on unpublished archival sources kept in the Military Archives and relevant historiographical and memoir literature. The evolutionary stages of the Serbian war plan and their dependence on international circumstances in the Balkans, the interest of the great powers in inter-Balkan problems and the current conjuncture of Serbian-Bulgarian relations are indicated. The beginnings of professional military planning in Serbia, mobilization and concentration plans, as well as initial operational plans are especially presented. The measures undertaken by the Serbian General Staff regarding the organization of traffic and supplies in the event of a war with Bulgaria were also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A radical vision for city planning in Soviet Lithuania, starting in the 1960s, was controlled by Soviet authorities, legislation, and plans. The concept was to divide cities into mikrorayons (microdistricts) to be serviced by shopping centres with different purposes. This article reveals the significant hurdles Soviet Lithuania experienced in implementing these Soviet urban and retail models. Because of long-term planning issues and delays, the construction of shopping centres and even entire residential areas failed to meet the rapidly changing needs of society. How did the principles of Soviet urban planning influence or hinder the development of retail centres in Soviet Lithuania? Archival sources identify how these centres were reflected in urban planning documents and which rules governing the centres and their structure were applicable. This article details how a Soviet shopping centre compared 'on paper' to reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper is concerned with the historical record of one business in the UK, which has long laid claim to the moral high ground in the conduct of its affairs – the amalgam of consumer co-operative business organisations, which eventually merged to become the Co-operative Group at the beginning of the 21st century. This paper aims to offer an assessment of the record of the British consumer co-operative movement's efforts to abide by and promote its values and principles during the first 137 years of its existence (1863 to 1990). Design/methodology/approach: The paper is developed using largely qualitative research methods and a variety of sources. These include archival resources and business-historical materials such as committee minutes and correspondence. These materials have been complemented by several semi-structured recorded interviews with senior members of the Co-operative Group. Findings: The authors develop several conclusions. First, where ethical choices were possible and no serious commercial interests were impaired, the co-operative movement could and usually did do its best to adhere to its principles. Second, in several instances, commercial interests did frequently trump ideals. Finally, the organisational structure of the movement made it very difficult to ensure that co-operative principles and values were adhered to. Originality/value: This paper presents a unique case-study that examines the inherent tension between commerce and ethics in the co-operative movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asks a methodological question: In what way can petitions written in the colonial period introduce us to the persona of the writers – that is, as against mainstream interpretation given to them as mere archival sources? Doesn't the very nature of the petitions introduce us to the selfhood of those "caught up" in the often-mentioned "sophisticated" concepts of nationalism, politics, power, imperialism, urbanity, and colonialism? What, and how, do petitions tell us about the "interior version" of colonial society as seen in the individual? In an attempt at a deeper understanding of colonial Lagos, this paper examines an alternative feature of petitions as entry into the selfhood of colonial subjects rather than mainstream interpretations of the documents as qualitative exposition to "grand" historical phenomena. Selfhood as examined here is presented as it was constructed by petitions written in Lagos between 1940 and 1960 with a particular focus on three. Their deficiencies in "standards of grammar" notwithstanding, the words are also examined to allow for a demonstration of their qualities as texts: their meanings in singular and collaborative contexts, the gaps they exposed, the information they concealed, the disconnections in chronology they indicated, the "ethics" of grammar they "relegated" for more "substantial expose" of the self, the information they privileged the reader to hear, the identity they formed in the personas they constructed and the voice they generated. This paper suggests that these strands analyzed together affirm the textuality of petitions written by everyday people in colonial Lagos and that these point to the potentiality of such documents to further contribute to the substantial comprehension of the inner qualities of self-identity in Lagos and Nigeria's colonial history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research question this paper aims at answering is the following: In an ontology-driven annotation system, can the information extracted from external resources (namely, Wikidata) provide users with useful suggestions in the characterization of entities used for the annotation of documents from historical archives? The context of the research is the PRiSMHA project, in which the main goal is the development of a proof-of-concept prototype ontology-driven system for semantic metadata generation. The assumption behind this effort is that an effective access to historical archives needs a rich semantic knowledge, relying on a domain ontology, that describes the content of archival resources. In the paper, we present a new feature of the annotation system: when characterizing a new entity (e.g., a person), some properties describing it are automatically pre-filled in, and more complex semantic representations (e.g., events the entity is involved in) are suggested; both kinds of suggestions are based on information retrieved from Wikidata. In the paper, we describe the automatic algorithm devised to support the definition of the mappings between the Wikidata semantic model and the PRiSMHA ontology, as well as the process used to extract information from Wikidata and to generate suggestions based on the defined mappings. Finally, we discuss the results of a qualitative evaluation of the suggestions, which provides a positive answer to the initial research question and indicates possible improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1975 and 1977, filmmaker Stanley Kubrick secretly campaigned to overturn the new tax provisions of the Labour government's 1974 Finance Act. His aim was to develop a crisis narrative in which the legislation that affected the amount of earnings foreign residents would pay tax on in the UK was deemed directly responsible for the imminent and absolute collapse of the British film industry. Drawing on archival sources from the Stanley Kubrick Archive, the Harold Wilson papers, and The National Archives, the article reconstructs Kubrick's actions during this period to reveal how he planted stories in the press, lobbied MPs, ministers, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the prime minister, manipulated trade union officials, and secretly wrote press releases and campaign letters under the name of the general secretary of the ACTT, Alan Sapper. The archival case study widens understanding of the narrative of crisis pertaining to the British film industry in the 1970s and how this was exacerbated and exploited by powerful and wealthy individuals like Kubrick for personal gain. The article also contributes to the broader topics of access, power, and privilege in British society and how the rich subvert and undermine democracy, thereby aggravating structural inequalities, inequalities that have only deepened since Kubrick's political interventions and machinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tradition Oral Literature / Boletín de Literatura Oral is the property of Boletin de Literatura Oral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper the author gives an overview of COST action 19112 -- Women on the Move (WEMov), in which the Croatian State Archives (CSA) also participates. WEMov is one of the numerous actions financed by the European COST organization and is a significant scientific initiative. Its scope is international and deals with women's migrations from an interdisciplinary perspective, both through history and contemporary migrant issues and challenges faced by "women on the move". Along with about 40 other European countries, Croatia and the Croatian State Archives are participating in WEMov's campaign. The author is a representative of the CSA and a WEMov Working Group 1 leader, entitled "Sources, Limits & Constraints". This group aims to identify and describe primary sources on the history of women's migrations preserved in European archives, libraries, museums and other institutions that keep this documentation. Archives are essential in this action, especially for Working Group 1, because they preserve primary sources that reveal information about different types of women's migrations. This information and that collected from other WEMov working groups will be further disseminated and made visible to the general public in various ways through the project. CSA preserves many fonds and collections that witness the presence and mobility of women in Croatia and abroad. In addition to describing the project the paper gives an example of an archival unit of records in one of the most important fonds containing documentation on female migrations -- the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies, described in the framework of WEMov. The archival unit entitled "Questionnaires about temporary workers abroad" provides much information about the lives of women who were part of the economic migrations from Croatia/Yugoslavia to Western European countries in the 1960s. Using this example, the researcher can gain an insight into the complex lives of these women abroad and the difficulties they were exposed to. We hope that the description of this unit of the ZMIN fonds and numerous others in the soon-to-be online catalogue of the WEMov action will encourage researchers to further research and publish works on the topic, which until now had been relatively neglected in historiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the spread of waqf endowments in the medieval Islamic world, especially in Egypt, Syria and Ottoman Turkey, based on narrative and archival sources, and discusses what purposes and motives for endowments and their social effects were. Finally, it goes on to state the features of the waqf endowment (combination of personal and religious motives, and of egoistic and altruistic wishes), in comparison with endowments in other regions such as Europe, India, China and Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals for Istrian & Mediterranean Studies / Annales: Series Historia et Sociologia is the property of Historical Society of Southern Primorska of Koper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Eurasian Studies / Revista Română de Studii Eurasiatice is the property of Romanian Review of Eurasian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Young Science / Mladá Veda is the property of Vydavatelstvo Universum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article offers a critical examination of the travel diaries written by Gershom Scholem (1897–1982), a well-known pioneer scholar of Jewish mysticism and a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1946, Scholem was sent to Prague on behalf of the Hebrew University to retrieve the Nazi-looted Jewish libraries from Czechoslovakia to Palestine. In recent years, at the same time as a significant rise of scholarly interest in the fate of the plundered Jewish books and manuscripts, Scholem's accounts have come to serve as a main source of information on the Jewish cultural property in the Bohemian lands. Where most of the currently available studies take his description of the Czechoslovak restitution affairs almost for granted, this article seeks to adopt a more distant approach to these materials, by undertaking a comparison with the documentation produced by the local Jewish bodies and the archival sources of the Czechoslovak authorities responsible for the management of Jewish assets. Zooming in on the encounter between Scholem and the leaders of the Jewish community in Prague, the paper points especially to the multiple misunderstandings that arose between the two parties during his visit. It then explores the difference between his and the Prague protagonists' perspectives on the Nazi-looted Jewish cultural property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Second World War, the three-year old South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) spearheaded the Union of South Africa's radio propaganda effort to induce national support. Based strongly on archival sources, this article aims to illustrate critically, the dynamics of radio propaganda in support and maintenance of the Union government's war effort in a contested space and politically charged environment. It reflects on the war of words waged primarily by Nazi Germany's Zeesen Radio, targeting the ultra-nationalist Afrikaner opposition to instigate them against the government, and the SABC's counterpropaganda effort. It delineates the SABC's radio propaganda on multiple battlefronts: starting on the back-foot to contest Zeesen, mobilising the homefront, facilitating recruitment as well as boosting civilian and military morale. Moreover, the article reflects on the role of 'pirate' radio stations in contesting the propaganda space; and also alludes to the constraints of the radio propaganda effort during the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the employment experience of workers at the Eastern Palace Cinema in East London, in 1934. In August 1934, a member of staff murdered the cinema's manager. The witness statements taken in the subsequent criminal investigation give a unique insight into the operations of 1930s cinemas and the working conditions of the people who were employed in them. The statements give voice to a group of service staff that had limited means of relating their lived experience. The article contrasts these statements with contemporary advice on cinema operations from guidebooks and trade papers to explore how trade advice translated into reality. It also draws on archival sources to excavate the backgrounds of cinema staff across roles. This adds to our understanding of the experience of staff employed in the most popular leisure industry of interwar Britain, an area that has not yet been extensively researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Memoria Americana is the property of Memoria Americana, Cuadernos de Etnohistoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article provides information about the journal "Restaurator," which was founded in 1969 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It evolved when the care and preservation of archives and libraries began to generate wider interest in many countries, which archivists and restorers began to collect and exchange information on the paper-based materials. The author also states that since the beginning, the journal focused on presenting the results of scientific research with the goal of establishing an international platform for disseminating knowledge about preservation and conservation of paper-based collections.

The Historical Society of Pennsylvania (HSP), one of the United States' largest independent research libraries, contains extensive manuscript collections documenting the history of eastern European immigrants and their descendants. Collections on the history of Slovak, Polish, Jewish, Lithuanian, and Russian ethnic groups are especially strong. These holdings were acquired from the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies, which merged with HSP in 2002, as well as from post-merger collecting that has continued the Balch Institute's work in documenting, interpreting, and celebrating the United States' diverse ethnic and immigrant heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research reveals the dwindling number of people consulting archival sources in East and Southern Africa. This is a serious concern, particularly in South Africa, as there is a danger that archives services could follow the same path as the Seattle office of the US National Archives, which closed in January 2020. Many scholars support the notion of opening the archives and their respective collections more expansively and allowing archives to be spaces for the people. Such scholars advocate for open access and transparency by archival institutions indicating that archival practices should be transformed to reflect the history of a nation and the respective communities. All voices should be heard, recorded, remembered and be made accessible to a broad spectrum of users. This paper will unpack several South African narratives that should be opened for public viewing and discussion as well as endeavours to ensure that youth develop an interest and appreciation for archival sources and aspects relating to heritage. This paper is based on a model based on the experience shared by a scholar from India, whose experiences involved a project of re-writing school history textbooks which had been dominated by communal and colonial stereotypes. Several examples have been sourced from different archival institutions in the United States in efforts to bring archives closer to the people and for the inclusion of archival artefacts and resources to be incorporated into teaching and learning activities. It is contended that similar models need to be developed to bring archives closer to the people, allow archives institutions to share their collections and ensure the sustainability of archival institutions and the role historians can play in the achievement of this objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historical Journal / Historijski Zbornik is the property of Drustvo za Hrvatsku Povjesnicu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Indian Treasure Trove Act of 1878 is understood as a landmark legislative victory in the preservation of South Asian material pasts. This paper presents a detailed archival history recounting how archaeologists themselves were crucial to the promulgation of the Act and the authors of its specific provisions. It demonstrates how arguments for the reform of royal prerogative into an instrument for the discipline were born in mid-nineteenth-century British debates, where archaeologists' attempts for a similar statutory change in property laws had been frustrated. Centuries-long tensions in common law definitions and their governance of treasure are demonstrated to be crucial to how we may better understand the new 'policy' of the colonial law and its operation. To do so, the paper reviews select cases and presents an evaluation of the archaeological justice of the rule of this law. It asks why our critical historiography has remained insensible to the victims of this law — archaeology's counter-publics — who have been routinely incarcerated and punished in the name of the greater archaeological common good. Through these examinations, the paper reflects upon the enduring sensibilities and commitments that are involved in continuing to take treasures from others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to one of the most painful problems encountered by any absolute monarchy – the problem of the transfer of power. Taking the example offered by eighteenth‐century Russian history, the author explores the contradiction between the need to frame a law that would strictly regulate the rules of succession to the throne and the desire of the reigning emperor to identify the law with his own personal will and his exclusive prerogative of appointing a successor. This contradiction was most clearly expressed in the draft papers of Catherine II, who, while having a clear understanding of the full force of the 'fundamental' rules that work to stabilise society, simultaneously did not regard her son as a worthy successor of her policy. The Empress's views are investigated on the basis of archival sources, several of which are introduced into academic circulation here for the first time, and are evaluated in the historical perspective of their relationship to the 1722 Charter on succession to the throne in previous reigns, a period that has come to be known in historiography as the 'era of palace coups'. The question of the extent of the power of the ruling monarch is examined as part of the broader problem of the essence of autocracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Never before has the archival profession been challenged on so many fronts, especially in the developing world. The profession is at crossroads simply because the transformation from custodial to post-custodial phase has remained a fallacy and our perception remains sentimentally rooted to traditional archival practice which leaves little room for inventiveness and the distillation of ideas consonant with contemporary archival practice. The thesis of this paper is based on the argument that the records managers and archivists of the future will be recruited from schools of information technology (IT) and communications in view of the fact that our operational foundations and modalities cannot be transformed so long as we bury our heads in the sand like the proverbial ostrich, oblivious to the fact that the archival landscape is transforming. The fact that we have lost the language ‘battle’ to the IT world is a harbinger of worse things to come so long as that conservatism persists. This paper, based on experience as a practitioner and academic, examines the core skills of the archival profession by illuminating how they have changed, if at all, from a developing world perspective by focusing on the archival education offered in the region covered by the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives (ESARBICA). This paper focuses on the instructor and the product (graduate students and practitioners) as it is the argument of this paper that both need to acquire new skills and change priorities to guarantee survival in this digital age. A plethora of issues will be discussed here inter alia; the archival curriculum being offered in Library and Information Science schools in the ESARBICA region, how the organizational culture is acting as an impediment to transformation, the need for skills across the broad spectrum of library, archives and museology fields to remain professionally competent, and how the onset of digital technologies can empower archivists and records managers to adjust to the changing environments of custody, access, technology and the web. To survive beyond 2015, archivists and records managers in the developing world need an introspection to facilitate transformation so as to be able to remain professionally relevant in this information society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Diadora is the property of Archaeological Museum in Zadar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(2), 891-901 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. Case 149/79 Commission v Belgium. - III. The context/case dialectic. - IV. Findings on legal reasoning to strengthen doctrinal research. - V. Procedural practice. - VI. Insight into actors and institutions. - VII. Concluding remarks. | (Abstract) In its final decision of 26 May 1982, the Court of Justice established which of two competing interpretations of the public service exception in art. 48(4) of the EEC Treaty (currently art. 45 TFEU) would define the ambit of free movement of workers to this day. Out of nine Member States, four were actively involved in the proceedings, showing the controversy and importance surrounding the implementation of free movement in the public service of domestic legal orders in this early stage of European integration. Findings from an analysis of the dossier for Commission v Belgium were gathered in reports drafted as part of a fascinating project on the "Court of Justice in the Archives". This Article showcases the interconnectedness of actors, institutions and procedure that emerges from the dossier. The legal reasoning underpinning the case is re-evaluated on the basis of submissions and the evidence contained in the dossier. The illustrations selected for this Article demonstrate how the dossier can be deployed as a new instrument to further socio-legal and legal research on the jurisprudence and practice of the European Community.

The article provides an overview on the papers of Mary E. Gawthorpe and focuses on how she influenced the lives of women. Gawthorpe was a British suffragist who was an organizer of the Women's Social and Political Union from 1906 to 1912. She was involved in a number of American social and political movements, including women's suffrage and labor education. Her papers cover the period of her involvement with the militant British suffragettes as well as some of her activities in the United States.

This paper explores how 'social market economy' became a quasi‐constitutional principle of the EU, highlighting the crucial role played in this process by the European Parliament. Based on multiple archival sources, we show that social market economy came to function as a limited repertoire: While it was advocated for various reasons by different actors, increasingly including social‐democrats, it nevertheless also solidified certain ways of conceiving the EU and its economic model. So doing, this article not only illuminates the role of the EP in the definition of a constitutionalized economic model for the EU; it also challenges the view of Europeanization as the progressive convergence around national preexisting models. Finally, two paradoxes emerge from the analysis: while supporters of the discourse of social market economy aimed at promoting the European social dimension and at addressing the EU democratic deficit, the adoption of this principle may have actually contributed to the subordination of both the 'social' and the 'political' to the 'economic'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the issues associated with conservation of selected elements of the existing military object. The subject was presented on the case of Fort Swoszowice, which is the late 19th century defensive structure recently renovated and adapted to new function. Fort Swoszowice belongs to the system of fortifications that were built in concentric rings around the city of Cracow during Austro-Hungarian monarchy. After decades of neglection, the fortifications are getting more attention as important parts of the cultural heritage of the city. One group of problems associated with conservation of the structure addressed the technical condition of the materials: concrete, brick and metal elements, which showed the signs of deterioration due to lack of proper conservation. The other group of problems were connected with military purpose of the building. The descriptive methodology was chosen as the most appropriate for the case study. The archival maps and manuals were studied in order to get knowledge on the conditions specific for the military structure. Furthermore, the conservation and restoration procedures are described, with emphasis on the factors that determine the identity of the building. Finally, the result is presented, which show that conservation based on diagnosis of the existing conditions and recognition of the archival resources can help in restoration in accordance with the original state and adaptation to a new function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista General de Información y Documentación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wydawnictwo Adam Marszalek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to expose the role of Soviet medical expeditions in the construction of modern healthcare in the Tuvinian People's Republic. Based on archival sources, the study traces the activities of four successive medical teams working in Tuva from 1928 to 1936. The first expedition thoroughly reconnoitered the health situation in the republic, picking out the most troublesome areas, diseases, and spheres of life. The ones that followed consolidated the initiative of the first team, turning healthcare in Tuva into a state affair and an international venture with political undertones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location, size, and structure of the farmlands and hydraulic systems built by the Indigenous inhabitants of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain, remain unknown. This hampers our ability to understand how they organized agricultural production and how European settlers transformed local landscapes to build commercial plantations in the late fifteenth century. This paper combines an analysis of archival sources with the study of agricultural landscapes and practices to identify and describe the fields that were employed by the first colonists of Agüimes and Temisas, and to derive information about the location, design, and management of the pre-Hispanic farmlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the future of sociology archive as a discipline. The major U.S. university libraries now go to extraordinary lengths and expense to collect the papers of writers, even many who as yet have not been categorically identified as important. There is a serious lesson in this-one might even say, a vital one-for sociology as it confronts an uncertain future. As everyone of a certain age will recall, the saga of Roots, in book and television formats, single-handedly gave American blacks a collective sense of historical importance that up to that point was absent from mass culture. The new Holocaust Museum in Washington is the most eloquent and emotionally wracking contemporary expression of historical memory for public consumption on a grand scale. Other examples can be found at every juncture of the "culture wars" that have been raging in the United States since the 1960s. Every politically self-aware group is supposed to venerate its real or imagined past, both at individual and collective levels, not only because such joint expressions enhance self-conceptions but also owing to the strategic advantage.

This paper discusses the issues associated with conservation of selected elements of the existing military object. The subject was presented on the case of Fort Swoszowice, which is the late 19th century defensive structure recently renovated and adapted to new function. Fort Swoszowice belongs to the system of fortifications that were built in concentric rings around the city of Cracow during Austro-Hungarian monarchy. After decades of neglection, the fortifications are getting more attention as important parts of the cultural heritage of the city. One group of problems associated with conservation of the structure addressed the technical condition of the materials: concrete, brick and metal elements, which showed the signs of deterioration due to lack of proper conservation. The other group of problems were connected with military purpose of the building. The descriptive methodology was chosen as the most appropriate for the case study. The archival maps and manuals were studied in order to get knowledge on the conditions specific for the military structure. Furthermore, the conservation and restoration procedures are described, with emphasis on the factors that determine the identity of the building. Finally, the result is presented, which show that conservation based on diagnosis of the existing conditions and recognition of the archival resources can help in restoration in accordance with the original state and adaptation to a new function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyze the emergence of New York City's infrastructure of homeless shelters dialectically, relationally, and historically. The members of Boogie Down Productions met in an incipient New York City homeless shelter in the mid-1980s. Their relationship and music is a window into a critical political consciousness of men living in homeless shelters because the artists gave expression to an emergent structure of feeling of resistance taking hold during intense changes to New York's political economy and its institutions. The paper first analyzes homeless policy and infrastructural change through a reading of archival sources and government reports and documents. The second section understands oral histories conducted with men living in a New York City homeless shelter as blues geographies—insurgent, critical explanations of these institutional spaces. Shelter residents actively challenge the material conditions, relations, and values that produce homeless shelters as essential instruments of the carceral state. I argue that they activate this resistance to the naturalization of shelters, and themselves as homeless, by narrating carceral spaces as abolitionist spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "Say's Law" was introduced in the twentieth century by an American economist, Fred Manville Taylor. To this date, no research has thoroughly investigated how the term came to be and what it really meant in Taylor's writings. This paper aims to examine how Taylor defined and used it. Drawing upon Taylor's publications and archival sources, we show that Taylor coined the term in direct reference to Jean-Baptiste Say's writings. Simply put, Say's Law was defined by Taylor as the principle that "total demand must in the long run coincide with the total product or output of goods produced for the market." Taylor never defined Say's Law as "the impossibility of demand deficiency as a cause of recession." Like Say, Taylor acknowledged that general demand deficiency could cause economic crises. In such scenarios, public expenditures could have expansionary effects, a position that Say also supported. Taylor rightly credited Say with the earliest and clearest formulation of the law of outlets (loi des débouchés), and in doing so he correctly interpreted the essence of Say's thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the 1930s and the mid 1970s, it was commonly believed that in 1880 Karl Marx had proposed to dedicate to Charles Darwin a volume or translation of Capital but that Darwin had refused. The detail was often interpreted by scholars as having larger significance for the question of the relationship between Darwinian evolutionary biology and Marxist political economy. In 1973–4, two scholars working independently—Lewis Feuer, professor of sociology at Toronto, and Margaret Fay, a graduate student at Berkeley—determined simultaneously that the traditional story of the proposed dedication was untrue, being based on a long-standing misinterpretation of the relevant correspondence. Between the two, and among several other scholars who became their respective allies, there developed a contest of authority and priority over the discovery. From 1975 to 1982, the controversy generated a considerable volume of spilled ink in both scholarly and popular publications. Drawing on previously unexamined archival resources, this article revisits the 'case' of the so-called 'Darwin–Marx correspondence' as an instance of the phenomenon of 'multiple discovery'. A familiar occurrence in the natural sciences, multiple discovery is rarer in the humanities and social sciences. The present case of a priority dispute in the history of ideas followed patterns familiar from such disputes in the natural sciences, while also diverging from them in ways that shed light on the significance of disciplinary norms and research infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the contributors to Donald Allen's legendary The New American Poetry anthology, we find at least a dozen queer poets, several of whom were directly involved in the struggle for gay liberation. This article goes in search of their British counterparts, looking at work associated with the so-called British Poetry Revival. Beginning on the cusp of the Sexual Offences Act 1967, I revisit Allen Ginsberg's trip to England in 1965, and argue for the significance of work by his friend Harry Fainlight. I go on to examine in detail Lee Harwood's love poems for John Ashbery and the stifled reception they've received in criticism. The article makes use of fresh archival resources, including Harwood's papers at the British Library and collections relating to the Gay Men's Press at the Bishopsgate Institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I consider how the inheritances of secular modernity condition and constrain forms of cosmopolitan and Marxist critique. I analyse Leslie Marmon Silko's novel Almanac of the Dead (1991) as a text which theorises anti-colonial and anti-capitalist resistance by materialising spiritual resurgence. Almanac blurs the boundaries between materiality and spirituality and reveals the limits of the language of globalisation for reading the text's anti-colonial gesture. I argue that Silko contests frameworks of secular modernity in two central ways: first, by disrupting accounts of linear time, and second by de-centring the role of human agency in revolution. Drawing on original archival research from the Leslie Marmon Silko Papers, I show how Almanac is a genre-defying text in active conversation with late Cold War imperialist conflicts in South America and Marxist theories of revolution. The political force of Silko's novel, however, lies not only in its representation of late capital in the settler colonial nation-state, but in its capacity to imagine other worlds beyond the strictures of colonial modernity. Challenging conceptions of the autonomous subject of agency, and disrupting the progressive temporality of resistance movements, Silko's novel proposes new critical imaginaries for thinking dissent in communion with the sacred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Houlihan makes it clear that performance archives have a distinctly significant role in the creation of our history, 'The theatre archive is a national archive. The theatre archive navigates a complex historical task, challenged to record a live and ephemeral art form, which can never truly be captured on paper, film, or via digital media. By examining the archives of more varied theatrical sources Houlihan shows that a very different Irish theatre history emerges when archives aside from those of The Abbey Theatre in Dublin are explored. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the history of development economics which has often been used to support or attack specific development policy agendas. It mentions use of proper historical sources and that the analysis was often heavily influenced by the author's position in the ongoing debates in the field of economics. It also mentions use of archival resources, as institutional archives and personal papers of development economists.

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the lack of attention to the preservation of intrinsic value in original artifacts by archivists and librarians with implications for the preservation of the permanent historical record. Design/methodology/approach - Through a selective review of the recent literature about intrinsic value, the current situation is evaluated. Findings - The paper finds that, in order to ensure the preservation of intrinsic value in both paper and digital documents, archivists and librarians must act immediately before substantial portions of the historical record suffer further permanent and irretrievable loss. Originality/value - The issues involved in determining the presence of intrinsic value are examined. Recommendations are given for preserving the permanent historical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes up Terry Cook's idea that through their work, archivists are active shapers rather than passive keepers. In taking this idea further, this paper discusses a case study comparing the custodial history of two archival groups of East India Companies' archives, the VOC and EIC Archives, during the second half of the nineteenth century, and how archival practitioners influenced their arrangement and description. Consideration is given on how archival practice (good and bad) and professional discussion contributed to the understanding of the importance of provenance and original order and the need for sound methodology for analysis of the records to precede arrangement and descriptions. The work undertaken by the archivists on the VOC Archives in the Netherlands in particular, took place at a time during the development of the landmark archival standard (The 1898 Dutch Manual). This study looks at how the arrangement of the VOC and EIC Archives reflects these contemporary theoretical discussions. The VOC Archives in the Netherlands were one of the first archival groups of business records to be arranged using the 1898 Dutch Manual's advice. At the same time, in England, those working on the EIC Archives in London understood the importance of custodial history and its influence on the arrangement of the EIC Archives. Through an analysis of the work of those involved in the arrangement and description of the VOC and EIC Archives, this paper argues that it is possible to see the emergence of fundamental archival principles such as the difference between physical arrangement and intellectual control, and the development of these ideas derived from discussions during the writing of the 1898 Dutch Manual and their translation into archival practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - To examine the reasons behind, and issues involved in digitisation projects at archival repositories. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses practical examples from the University of Dundee Archive Services to consider why archivists devote time and resources to digitising collections and to mounting digital images online. Advantages to collections, services and users are considered in the context of the archival mission and user expectations. Findings - Despite the need to divert existing resources or to attract new ones, digifisation is becoming a core activity in many archives. Originality/value - The paper should be of value to information professionals interested in the use of new technology by the archival profession. Many of the issues raised are cross-sectoral and not just of interest to the archival world but to anyone with a role in preserving and using records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The goal of the paper is to identify, investigate and present the official ways of controlling the press in Australia in the 1930s and the ways in which editors and publishers of Croatian newspapers in Australia avoided censorship. This was the time when publications in foreign languages were checked before granting permission to publish, and within the Australian Croatian community the primary language of communication was Croatian. Based on the research, a list of all Croatian newspapers that were published in Australia in the early 1930s is compiled. Approach/methodology/design. The methods used in the research are the method of structured search of online public institutions' catalogues (primarily libraries and archives in Australia), content analysis of archival sources and publications, and the method of involving the Croatian community in Australia. Results. The research resulted in new findings about publications and their editing in the observed period. The social framework for publishing newspapers was researched and presented, and ways to avoid censorship were identified. Each way to avoid censorship is documented and described on the basis of archival sources or a few preserved publications. The research has identified publications that were published in the observed timeframe; the basic data on their publication and editing practices have been investigated. Originality/value. Two publications discovered during the research are described in the paper (Oganj and Iskra). In addition, one publication (one issue of Borba) was found, which was mentioned in the literature, but the bibliographic elements and technical characteristics have never been analysed and the place of storage was not known. All three publications have been digitized and are freely accessible at the links provided in the paper. Furthermore, the research has shown that one publication, which has so far been cited as the publication of Croats in Australia, was not actually published in Australia (Proleter). A list of publications published by Croats in Australia in the early 1930s was compiled on the basis of archival documents, and the ways of conducting and avoiding censorship were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Romanica Olomucensia is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the specifics and working procedures for 3D digital reconstructions of defunct and altered buildings of vernacular architecture. Primarily, the resulting 3D models are intended to serve for general lay public in order to present and popularize vernacular architecture and for educational activities. Secondly, they can be used by professional public for the same purposes. The models are based on archival sources - archival 2D metric survey documentation (drawings and photographs), written sources. Another requirement is the possibility of presentation on the internet within a parallel developing web platform. SketchUp 2021 Pro software, extended by plug-ins, is used for the 3D modelling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]