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This study re-examined the status of species of Diorygma Eshw. known from the Western Ghats using an integrative taxonomy approach that includes morphological and chemical data, as well as multigene phylogenetic analyses. Prior to this work, the two species D. karnatakense and D. dandeliense were distinguished primarily on lirellae morphology (branching pattern) and the number of ascospores per ascus. Our study of the morphology, chemistry and molecular phylogeny (mtSSU, LSU and RPB 2) of freshly collected samples and re-examination of type material suggests that both names should be synonymized. Consequently, D. karnatakense is accepted as the correct name, with D. dandeliense as a newly proposed synonym. Phylogenetically, D. karnatakense is allied to D. antillarum and D. hieroglyphicum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapsa rubropruinosa Messuti & Codesal collected in Argentina is described as new to science. The species is characterized by a thin thallus, apothecia with a pigmented disc, and transversely septate, hyaline, non-amyloid to faintly amyloid ascospores with thin cell walls. Chapsa minor is recorded for the first time from South America. The new combination Topeliopsis lomatiae (Messuti, Lumbsch & Ve?zda) Messuti & Mangold is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A corticolous Graphis discovered in the southern part of Venezuela is described as new to science. The new species, Graphis breussii sp. nov., is characterized by rather large, prominent lirellae with striate labia and apically thin complete thalline cover, a completely carbonized exciple, four submuriform ascospores per ascus, and norstictic acid; it belongs in the Graphis acharii group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Chrysothrix septemseptata, is described from India. It is characterized by 7-septate ascospores, which is unique within the genus. It is currently known only from the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, where it grows in mangrove plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]