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Financial development makes many contributions to promoting economic growth. With the deterioration of the ecological environment, scholars have begun to consider the role of financial development in sustainable economic development. This paper investigates the influence of financial development on China's energy environmental performance (EEP) by utilizing panel data from 2002 to 2017. The findings demonstrate that financial development has a significant impact on regional EEP, and the results remain robust through a series of assessments. The technological innovation level and human capital are the transmission paths through which financial development affects regional EEP. Furthermore, using the difference-in-differences (DID) method, we not only prove the causal relationship between financial development and EEP but also show that the allocation of financial assets can significantly affect energy consumption efficiency. Finally, heterogeneity analysis shows that financial development has varying impacts on energy efficiency in distinct regions across China. The influence of financial development on EEP displays a clear "Matthew Effect". To the best of our knowledge, our findings offer greater insight into the energy-saving and emission-reduction effects of financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although energy poverty has obtained wide focus in recent years, there is no consensus on the measurement of energy poverty. Given that China is experiencing socio-economic transformation as well as energy transition, this paper employed a total of 28 indicators, which representing three categories (energy service availability, energy consumption and generation cleanliness, and residential energy affordability and efficiency) that capture China's features as well as consider policy factors, to develop a new multi-dimensional energy poverty index by using entropy weight method. The result reveals that the energy poverty level has been improved nationwide for the period 2014–2019; three sub-indices also show downward trends while household energy affordability and efficiency suggests the fastest improvement; however, significant differences exist in energy poverty not only between urban and rural areas but also across provinces in China. Policy recommendations are as follows: continue to promote rural power grid renovation and upgrading and the construction of natural gas pipelines, increase clean energy support; encourage diversified development of rural energy supply methods, and provide more innovative and diversified green energy and financial products. • An integrated energy poverty index system for China was established. • A total of 28 indicators used in this paper are applicable to China's features as well as considering policy factors in China. • The energy poverty level has been improved nationwide from 2014-2019, and all three sub-indices show downward trends, but varies greatly between urban and rural areas and across geographic regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency, development of renewable energy resources, decarbonization, and energy security are the key energy policy priorities of the European Union and China. Based on data for the period 2005–2016, this study compares the status of energy sector development sustainability among 21 European Union Member States and China by applying the several Multi‐Criteria Decision Making methods. Seven Member States including United Kingdom were excluded from the analysis due to Brexit or entering EU late like Croatia or due to small size as Malta and Cyprus and so forth. The results of Multi‐Criteria Decision analysis indicated that Romania, Czech Republic, and Latvia performed the best during this period in terms of approaching toward sustainable energy development targets. These countries have implemented effective policies and measures to increase energy efficiency and use of renewables leading to reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and increase in security of energy supply during the investigated period. New Member States have better assessment of effectiveness of energy policies pursuing 20–20–20 targets than old Member States. China lag behind European Union countries in terms of sustainability of energy sector however, during investigated period the country has achieved very good progress and can learn a lot from European experience as suggested by policy implications developed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Currently, wind and solar energy have not been well utilized in China, and the rate of abandoned wind and solar facilities in China is increasing annually. Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are an effective system for promoting large-scale renewable energy integration and consumption and realizing the goal of renewable energy development. To clarify the interactive relationship between the different levels and multiple actors in RPS, this paper uses policy network theory to analyze the interactive relationship of stakeholders from the three aspects of network subject, network structure and network interaction. The policy network of the RPS consists of the policy community, professional network, intergovernmental network, producer network and issue network. Under the RPS, to meet their own needs, participants affect the formulation and implementation of the RPS through the actions of confrontation, alliance, competition and cooperation. In different stages of developing the RPS, the openness and integration of policy networks change accordingly. This study overcomes the limitations of past simple analyses of the actor relationship in the policy process and thereby offers certain reference significance. Highlights • The actors of RPS policy networks are analyzed. • This paper analyze the game relationship of the stakeholders from three aspects. • This research reveals the network relationship between multiple stakeholders. • This study breaks through the limitations of past analysis of actor relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of global warming the importance of climate risk cannot be understated, and finding ways to reduce climate risk is a topic worthy of study. In this paper, we innovatively examine the role of renewable energy technology innovation on climate risk in China. In addition to their linear relationship, we also investigate the asymmetric and heterogeneous impact, detect the impact channels, and find that (1) increased renewable energy technology innovation can effectively alleviate the climate risk situation. Accordingly, the development of renewable energy technology innovation can make a significant contribution to CR abatement. (2) Pronounced impacts of renewable energy technology innovation on climate risk can be observed in the higher quantiles (75th and 90th) of climate risk. (3) Renewable energy technology innovation is a powerful weapon for eradicating climate risk in provinces with a higher level of government fiscal expenditure. And (4) renewable energy technology innovation has an impact on climate risk by facilitating energy consumption efficiency, which is a necessary mediator. These conclusions inspire us to put forward several corresponding policy implications for better climate risk governance and renewable energy technology innovation development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the multiple-energy-source era, China must realize the clean and efficient use of coal. This article compares coal-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) technology and competitive alternatives for clean, efficient coal use with regard to energy efficiency, CO2emissions, water consumption, unit investment, and cost. It was found that coal-based SNG-and-power cogeneration without carbon capture (CC) is the most feasible for China at present. This study also analyzes the differences in the challenges faced by coal-based SNG plants between China and the US. Unlike the Great Plains Synfuels Plant in the US, coal-based SNG plants in China will remain strategically significant for decades because of high domestic demand and enduring natural gas prices. The findings in this paper indicate that projects as operational coal-based SNG-only plants in China cannot be implemented, but the coal-based SNG industry should continue developing. Coal-based SNG-and-power cogeneration technology can be a strategic choice for China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the research topics of China's energy transition policy and predicting future research trends are crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions and advance the energy transition. This study applied the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to extract 26 major research topics from the 13,976 abstracts of Chinese policy research papers in web of science (WOS), conceptualized the five most popular topics and used the ARIMA model to predict trends over the next 36 months. The results show that except for Economic and Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption (Topic13), which will first experience unanticipated fluctuations and then show strong growth capacity, all other topics will continue to remain positive growth trend. Research and Development (Topic3) is driven by the urgency of China's energy transformation. Economic and Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption (Topic13) is driven by the potential for the development of renewable energy. Economic Impact of Climate Change (Topic26) is driven by the climate change debate. Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Energy Consumption (Topic7) is driven by a discussion of their relationship and the mechanisms influencing them. Regional Efficiency and Productivity Analysis (Topic19) is driven by regional differences in China's energy policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a good power supplement form of super power and large-scale energy base, distributed energy has the characteristics of less investment and flexible power generation. Facing with the double pressure of the sustainable development of energy use and environmental protection, it has become an efficient solution to meet the demand of load growth, reduce environmental pollution and improve the comprehensive utilization of energy and the reliability of power supply. However, the development of distributed energy starts relatively late in China and confronts many difficulties. So this paper analyzes the present development situation and existing problems of the distributed energy in China. Then it elaborates from the aspects of policies and regulations, technical specifications, price policy and grid-interconnection codes. At last, this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions of the guarantee mechanism of distributed energy. This paper argues that, with the attention of the development of distributed energy increasing, a series of policies to promote the construction and interconnection of distributed energy will be introduced, and distributed energy will get scaled development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to argue for the necessity and significance of studying the distributional employment impacts of renewable and new energy development (RNE). Based on the comprehensive review of the methodology and conclusions of existing literatures, this paper builds up an extended input–output model to study RNE’s distributional employment impacts on gender and personnel structure. The case study of China׳s power sector in this paper affirmed earlier doubts that RNE development will indeed aggravate the gender inequality problem and add to the level of mismatch between the structure of labor demand and supply, causing structural unemployment problems. The quantitative analysis in this paper outlined here implies that from 2011 to 2020 the development of RNE will bring about 7 million employment gains, but only 81.8% of which can be realized due to the mismatch problem. The study of China may alert other countries to be less-optimistic about RNE’s employment impacts and reaffirm the need to carry out the distributional employment impacts analysis. This paper concludes with policy suggestions such as providing suitable training and equal promotion opportunities for women, offering courses and vocational trainings to RNE-related majors, in order to reduce the structural unemployment problem and further speed up the development of RNE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a non-Arctic country and a major energy consumer, China is increasingly interested in participating in Arctic energy development. This study aims to investigate potential strategies to promote China's participation in Arctic energy development. Accordingly, this study analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of China's participation in Arctic energy development based on a discussion of the current status of Arctic energy development and the Arctic policies of major countries. In addition, this work develops strategies in accordance with the above analysis. The results show that China has strengths in terms of capital, energy demand, policy support, and international cooperation when participating in Arctic energy development, while its weaknesses include the lack of core technology and equipment, high carbon intensity of energy development, and geographical disadvantage. China faces opportunities stemming from conflicts among Arctic states, the advancement of global carbon neutrality, and the development of Arctic waterway while facing threats such as increased competition, international public opinion pressure, high development costs, environmental risks, and pandemic instability. Under an integrated framework, this work offers four strategies: Strength-Opportunity (SO), Strength-Threat (ST), Weakness-Opportunity (WO), and Weakness-Threat (WT). Finally, this study proposes specific measures in four areas, including strengthening policy support, promoting technical research and development, enhancing international cooperation, and improving enterprise competitiveness. [Display omitted] • This study examines China's participation in Arctic energy development. • This paper reviews the status of fossil and non-fossil energy in the Arctic. • This study compares the Arctic energy development strategies of major countries. • This study proposes four strategies, namely SO, ST, WO, and WT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement production reportedly accounts for the largest global materials flow, thus achieving global environmental sustainability through responsible consumption and production is central to the sustainable development scenario. But even that China, the world's largest carbon emitter and largest cement producer, is under-studied. Thus, the current study employed the nonlinear ARDL and frequency domain causality methods to unearth the contributory or mitigating role of energy sources and economic progress in China's cement carbon emission (CCE) over the period 1971-2020. Overall, the study establishes long-run equilibrium relationship between the study variables of interest Subsequently, the baseline regression suggests that a positive shift in economic growth, energy from fossil fuel and primary energy consumption all increase emissions while a negative shift does not have a significant effect on emissions. Moreover, a positive (negative) shift in renewable energy decreases (increases) emissions in both the short and long-run. The result of the Frequency Domain causality analysis resonates with the results of NARDL regression. As a policy, this study infers energy development and economic-related measures are strategically important in achieving sustainable cement production and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on macro and micro matched data, this paper uses a fixed effects model, subsamples regression and the instrumental variable method to analyze the degree to which Internet development influences energy efficiency, the mechanism for that influence, and the spillover effect of Internet development. The findings show that for every 1 % increase in the Internet development index, the energy efficiency of firms increases by approximately 0.38 %. Robustness analysis and endogeneity analysis also verify that Internet development is conducive to improving the energy efficiency of firms. The internal mechanism analysis shows that Internet development can improve the energy efficiency of Chinese firms and realize an energy-saving effect by correcting the misallocation of resources and promoting technological innovation. In addition, this paper finds that for every 1 % increase in the Internet development index in other cities and leading cities in the province, the energy efficiency of local firms increases by approximately 0.10 % and 0.026 %, respectively, which supports the spillover effect of Internet development in China. The findings of the paper can help promote the deep integration of the Internet and manufacturing technology in China, facilitating manufacturing industry development in an intelligent and energy-saving direction. • The impact and mechanism of Internet on the energy efficiency is analysed. • The spillover effect of Internet development is explored. • Internet development is conducive to improving the energy efficiency in China. • Misallocation correction and innovation are internal mechanisms of Internet. • Energy efficiency of local firms can be promoted by Internet in other cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing energy from renewable sources and modernizing the energy system are critical components of China's efforts to combat climate change. Policymakers and authorities have made significant attempts to bring them. However, one of the major impediments to China's energy revolution is financial limitations, which are inextricably linked to the country's economic growth. The present research paper intends to investigate the relationship between economic growth and sustainable financial development on the use of energy from renewable sources in both the short and long run in the context of China. To achieve this, the researchers have utilized the panel data consisting of 10 years from 2011 to 2020. When compared to cross-sectional and time-series data samples, the panel data model offers many benefits. For starters, the panel data includes information on the passage of time and the cross-sectional area. Another benefit of using panel-data models with a larger degree of freedom is that they provide more stable and reliable estimates across short periods across cross-sections. In the case of the short run, there is a positive relationship between economic and financial development and the use of energy from renewable sources in the context of all of China. While in the case of long-term effects, the results indicate the adverse impact of financial development on the use of energy from renewable sources in the western regions of China. These results were deduced using the causality test Granger proposed to determine the path of the causal relationship and the direction of the relationship between the variables. These results indicated that the relationship between economic and financial development in east China was unidirectional, and the nature of the underlying relationship was causal. Meanwhile, in east and west China, economic development in China as a whole has been unidirectionally increasing energy from renewable sources. Our empirical findings suggest many strategies for promoting the growth of energy from renewable sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As an unconventional natural gas with the advantages of great resource potential and low carbon emissions, shale gas has currently aroused a new round of development and utilization worldwide. China’s shale gas resource is enormous and has huge potential for exploitation. However, due to the late start of exploration and development, it has not yet realized industrialization. By using the SWOT analysis method, this paper studies the internal and external development environment of Chinese shale gas, then explores shale gas development status of China from four dimensions including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Finally, according to the combinations of SWOT matrix analysis, the paper formulates four kinds of different development strategies to provide certain references to the development of China’s shale gas industry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In March 2011, China’s central government set a new challenging target of reducing its energy intensity by 16% during 2011–2015, after it had achieved a reduction of 19.1% during 2006–2010. And this new target was assigned to provincial authorities in August 2011. However, China’s provincial energy-economic developments are unbalanced and different provinces have different key sectors for energy conservation. Most previous studies focused on provincial energy efficiency at the aggregate level, or the three-industry level (or one-digit level). However, whether for policy decision or academic research, it is necessary to further subdivide the sectors. In this paper, we use three indicators (Gini Coefficient, energy consumption share and energy intensity) to compare provincial energy conservation potentials at the two-digit sector level. To our knowledge, this paper is the first one to identify the keys for energy conversation across the 31 provinces×65 sectors. And the results are shown in visualized maps and matrix tables to help identify the key province×sectors for energy conservation easier. This also helps the central and provincial governments to distinguish key sectors when they monitor the energy conservation progress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The energy consumption in the building sector in China shares 25% of total energy consumption in the whole nation. The energy use in urban buildings in Chinese cities like Beijing and Shanghai share approximately 90% of whole energy consumption in buildings. Amongst these urban buildings, the energy use in public buildings is higher than other building sectors. So, the public building sector thus is an area of priority with regard to energy conservation and carbon reduction. China''s Ministry of Construction has issued six energy-efficiency design standards to the building sector since 1995. The latest one is the design standards for energy efficiency in public buildings which aim to achieve 50% of the reduction of energy consumption in new and refurbished public buildings. Beijing and Shanghai governments have also issued their local energy saving standards for the public buildings with 65% and 50% of energy-saving goals. The main problems and weaknesses existing in the national and local standards in Beijing and Shanghai are assessed, and the reasons for producing the barriers to the implementation of national and two local standards are explored in this paper, they include: a) no explicit definitions of the base load energy consumption and the space conditioning energy uses are given, and only the energy savings from the base load energy consumption is considered in current standards; b) the benchmark of energy consumption selected is unreasonable and energy cuts from non technical measures are ignored; and c) the lack of effective supervision. Relevant solutions and suggestions to tackle these problems and weaknesses for the long-term energy conservation development in public buildings are discussed in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Motivated by the evolution of rural electrification as more than just a project to drive modern development but to further effect environmental conservation, this paper offers an examination of the energy transition framework that guides such conclusions. Here, I present a study on household energy use in a village where fuelwood and electricity are easily available and accessible to households. Such conditions allow an examination of the energy ladder where fuel use is not influenced by resource limitations. Based on qualitative and quantitative data collected at the household level, study findings reveal a pattern of fuel accumulation in which the use of electricity and modern technologies are utilized alongside continued fuelwood consumption. Despite increases in household electricity use, the study shows little evidence of electricity displacing fuelwood use; thus, challenging the inevitability of modernization and its potential to work for environmental conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because industrial sectors in China are energy-intensive, improving energy efficiency and promoting energy savings in these sectors are of great importance for the further sustainable development of China’s economy. Using a proposed meta-frontier data envelopment analysis (DEA), this paper analyzes the total-factor energy efficiency and energy savings potential in China’s provincial industrial sectors for the years 2000–2014 from three perspectives, namely, the technology gap, management, and scale. The results indicate that (1) driven by technological progress, energy efficiency during the sample period was greatly improved, though the expansion of technology gaps between regions and the decline in scale efficiency represented two significant handicaps; (2) the current energy efficiency in China’s industrial sectors remains extremely low, indicating that there is considerable potential for energy efficiency improvement and energy savings; and (3) the sources of energy inefficiency and energy savings potential in China’s industrial sectors exhibit spatially distinct characteristics. Accordingly, it is determined that most of China’s eastern provinces should focus on improving scale and management efficiency, whereas most of its central and western provinces should concentrate on three factors: narrowing the regional technology gap, improving management efficiency, and optimizing the industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical study investigates the dynamic interconnection between fossil fuel consumption, alternative energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emissions in China over the 1981 to 2020 time period within a multivariate framework. The long-term relationships between the sequences are determined through the application of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test and augmented by the Johansen maximum likelihood procedure. The causal relationships between the variables are tested with the Granger causality technique based on the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Empirical results reveal the existence of a statistically significant negative relationship between alternative energy consumption and carbon emissions in the long-term equilibrium. Furthermore, the VECM results demonstrate that both carbon emissions and fossil fuel consumption have unidirectional effects on economic growth. Additionally, the study highlights a short-term unidirectional causal relationship from economic growth to alternative energy consumption. These findings suggest that a reduction in fossil fuel consumption in the short run may indirectly impede the development of alternative energy. The study proposes that China should expedite the development of alternative energy and control the expansion of fossil fuel consumption to attain its carbon reduction target without hindering economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero-energy buildings have attracted interest worldwide as they consume less energy and can alleviate energy shortages caused by rapid economic development. This paper presents a review of the research and development regarding zero-energy buildings in China. First, it briefly introduces the evolution of the definition of zero-energy buildings and discusses the key influencing factors of such buildings in China. Then, envelope design, selection of mechanical and electrical equipment, and solar energy utilization aspects of zero-energy buildings are examined. Additionally, this paper discusses the development and application of zero-energy buildings in China, including project types, design methods, energy resources allocation, and energy operation management. Finally, this paper analyzes China's policies for zero-energy buildings, including incentive mechanisms, laws and regulations, and problems encountered, and provides suggestions for promoting zero-energy buildings in China. We expect this review to identify gaps and future directions for research and development, which will lead to new technologies, methods, policies, and standards that can be applied to zero-energy buildings. • Research and development of zero energy building in China is comprehensively reviewed. • Influencing factors and relevant zero-energy building design components are examined. • Development and application of zero-energy buildings in China are examined. • Zero energy policies in China are analyzed and suggestions for the promotion of zero-energy buildings are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels have become the main energy source for economic development. However, fossil fuels have also been linked to serious environmental impacts. China has recently undergone rapid economic growth, but its development model demands large amounts of energy and causes severe pollution. Therefore, there has been a recent shift toward the development of coordinated strategies to achieve economic growth while minimizing energy consumption and preserving the environment. This study sought to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the coordination degree between economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental conservation (i.e., the "3E" system) in China, thus establishing a basis to improve coordinated development and minimize regional differences. This study evaluated 30 Chinese provinces using mathematical models. Between 2000 and 2019, the coordinated development level of the components of the 3E system in China increased steadily but remained generally low. Clear spatial agglomeration was also identified at the provincial scale, with the highest values occurring on the east coast and lower values occurring in the west and middle provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power generation has increased rapidly in China over the last decade. In this paper the authors present an extensive survey on the status and development of wind power generation in China. The wind resource distributions in China are presented and assessed, and the 10 GW-scale wind power generation bases are introduced in details. The domestic research status of main components of WP system is then elaborated, followed by an evaluation of the wind power equipment manufacturers. Finally, the outlook for the development of the wind power utilization in China is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Chinese Government paid more attention to the exploitation of offshore wind power, and it became an important trend in the development of wind power industry. However, the development of offshore wind power in China was still in the initial stage. Compared with land-based wind power, the development of off-shore wind power had not only weaknesses and uncertainties, but also strengths and opportunities. In order to research the development of offshore wind power, this paper summarized the aspects on policy, market, technology and development planning of offshore wind power in China, and then adopted SWOT method to analyze the influencing factors, which impact on the development of China's offshore wind power. At last, this article analyzed the internal and external factors that affect the golden period of offshore wind power development, and drew a conclusion that the golden period of offshore wind power in China will come in the future, and most likely around 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric power industry is a typical industry with high energy consumption and high emissions in China. To relieve the increasing environmental pressures and promote the sustainable development of China’s economy and society, it is urgent to take actions to reduce energy consumption and pollution emissions of China’s electric power industry. In this paper, we first present an overview of the development status of China’s electric power industry, including the total power generating capacity and proportions of different power generation methods, the development of renewable energy power generation, as well as the average utilization hours of different power generation equipment. Then, the development of energy conservation and emissions reduction of China’s electric power industry is studied. The indicators of energy conservation include coal consumption for power supply, power consumption rate of power plants and comprehensive line loss rate; while the contents of emissions reduction include desulfurization, emissions control and the comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Finally, suggestions in five aspects to promote energy conservation and emissions reduction of China’s electric power industry are presented. The five suggestions are improving power generation technologies, expanding renewable energy power generation, optimizing power generation process, strengthening monitoring and regulation, and promoting power generation rights and emissions trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All recent analyses acknowledge that environmental resources are in short supply and that it is on them that "carrying capacity" calculations ought to be based. For the specific case of the Chinese society, which is undergoing an unprecedented period of continuous growth, it seems therefore mandatory to alleviate the conflict between high-speed development and available resources. This paper analyzes the variation of the natural resources input into China during years 2000-2007 using the exergy and extended exergy socio-economic metric. Fluxes of materials, labor, capital and environmental remediation expenses were quantified by a numeraire solidly rooted on a second-law metric, so that a new mode of ecological accounting that quantifies both the composition and the proportion of the extended exergy flows can shed light on the total available energy input into the Chinese society. Two new indicators, labor production efficiency and net pro-capite exergy resource input, are proposed to depict the contribution of economic, social and environmental aspects to the usual four production factors and to express the conversion results in transferring efficiency and quantity from material energy to economic output. "Social" extended exergy analysis, applied to each one of the seven sectors of the society, is suggested as an effective method to reveal the energy quality degradation in the resource conversion process at both national and sectoral levels. The comparison of social resource accounting among different societies by using these two indicators may provide useful additional information to evaluate the production conversion coefficients, to assess the environmental impacts and to diagnose possible ecological dysfunctions. In addition, the extended exergy analysis of the Chinese society is helpful in uncovering the long-term resource depletion and promoting efficiency of the resource transformation in the social-economic-environmental system, thus providing a holistic method and a systematic view for decision makers responsible for environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Last few decades, several economic uncertainty challenges have emerged in the energy market. This study newly contributes to existing research by inspecting the asymmetric effect of economic policy uncertainty and financial development on renewable energy consumption in China. We employ a nonlinear ARDL approach by using a time-series dataset spanning from 1990 to 2019. Our symmetric model shows that economic policy uncertainty matters in the short run, as it increases renewable energy consumption while exhibiting a negative impact on renewable energy in long run in China. Our asymmetric results in the short and long run have deviated from the symmetric results. Our asymmetric results of the short and long run are similar in direction but different in magnitude. The results show that positive change in economic policy uncertainty has increased 3.216% and negative change in economic policy uncertainty has decreased 1.461% in renewable energy consumption in long run in China. Financial development does not matter in renewable energy consumption in China. Based on these outcomes, we can draw some robust economic policies in China as well as for other pollutant economies. Policymakers should be made economic policies more predictable in the modern era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With policy encouragement and capital investments, China's wind power has been enjoying a tremendous development for years. China has now become a global leader in terms of wind power capacity, with a total of 52.58 gigawatts of wind power connected to power grid. However, the overwhelming majority of accumulated and added installment is now embarrassing China's wind power by grid connectivity and power curtailment problems. In this paper, we provide a systematical review of China's wind power industry in the past six years, analyze the existing problems behind the remarkable statistics, examine the underlying causes for the problems, propose method for China's future wind power development. In order to have a profound understanding for the problems of China's wind power, we give a deeper look into three typical overcapacity regions. On that basis, we suggest that government should develop distributed wind power in the east, rather than continue constructing wind farms in the “three-N region”. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Solar photovoltaic (PV) power is a new and green energy source. China has significant opportunities for solar energy utilization with its huge solar resource. The solar PV power in China has developed for 50 years, and experienced a rapid progress in the last 10 years. To address the needs of the fast growth of the PV power industry in China, it is critical to identify, analyze and understand the growth path and the characteristics of the industry. This paper summarizes the status of the solar energy resources and the development of the solar PV power industry in China, and puts forward the main factors that impacted the development of the industry. A study refers to the selected five main factors the factors are: technology research and development, industrial plans, laws and regulations, electricity price policies, and projects incentive policies. A multifaceted approach including literature survey, statistical data investigation, law review, and regulation and policy study are adopted to investigate these factors. Analysis of the typical events, the growth process and the characteristics of the five factors, allows the establishment of growth route models. The results can be a useful reference for the development of solar PV power industry in China and other countries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: China is facing a number of challenges such as electricity supply shortages, excessive consumption of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. As a renewable energy, wind power plays a vital role in mitigating these issues. With its unique geographical location and rich resources, China has produced a wind power industry that has achieved rapid growth. However, the complex Chinese market environment presents significant challenges to the industry. This research has adopted a strength, weakness, opportunity and threat analysis approach to examine both the internal and external factors that affect the competitiveness of the wind power industry in China. An extensive and critical review of a wide range of literature (including academic papers, industry reports, statistical data, relevant regulations and policy documents) was conducted. As a result, 19 factors were identified. These factors form part of an integrated framework that provides a useful tool for both policy makers and industry to gain a better understanding of what affects the sustainable development of the wind power industry in China. The results also provide a useful reference for foreign firms that intend to explore the Chinese wind power market. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Currently, energy resources are becoming a key factor to ensure China''s economic growth. They are also a reliable indicator of China''s integrated national power as an industrial civilization. This paper reviews the current status of China''s energy development, including coal, oil, and renewable energy sources, and analyzes existing problems in China''s energy industry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper briefly summarizes China’s energy situation and sustainable development strategy as they were by 2009. The energy consumption in 2009 is reported to be 3.1 billion tons standard coal equivalent, 1/7 of the world total, 6.3% higher than in the year 2008, and its share of world CO2 emissions increased rapidly to 20.3% in 2006. These trends are most likely to continue with China’s plan to accomplish its social and economy development goals. To address these problems and also respond to increasing world pressure for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the Chinese government plans and has legislated promotion of energy conservation, efficiency, renewable energy technologies and use, and reduction of energy-related environmental impacts to reduce energy intensity by 20% during the 2006–2010 period, and to reduce the CO2 emission/GDP ratio by 40–45% by 2020 relative to 2005. China is facing severe energy-related challenges that conflict resources shortages with the planned rapid economic development, energy use with the related environmental pollution, and new technology with the old production/consumption patterns. It is recognized that energy development must, however, follow a sustainable path to coordinate economy growth, social development, and environmental protection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

For all countries worldwide, energy economic security is an issue that needs extensive attention, even though the related focus areas might be different. Each country should ensure energy economic security and promote sustainable development according to its own specific situation. Nevertheless, the energy economic security of different countries have some common aspects. This paper discusses the connotation of energy economic security and the construction of an evaluation index system of regional energy economic security from the following four dimensions: energy industry development, energy supply capacity, energy utilization level, and energy environmental impact. Based on panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2017, the global principal component analysis method is used to measure the level of regional energy economic security and the performance of each dimension in China. The results show that the energy economic security of China and its regions improved between 2009 and 2017. In the short term, improvement in China's regional environmental regulation levels will reduce its energy economic security level, but the implementation of environmental policies can promote the green development of China's regional economy. High-quality development of the economy, improvement in urbanization levels, increases in population density, the promotion of scientific and technological levels, and the upgrading of industrial structures jointly contribute to the advancement of regional energy economic security. In addition, the elevation of urbanization, population density, and energy economic security levels in other regions are also conducive to the energy economic security of the region being studied. • An evaluation index system for regional energy economic security is constructed. • The level of regional energy economic security in China is measured. • The energy economic security of China and its regions improved during 2009–2017. • The factors influencing China's regional energy economic security are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether embedding in global value chain(GVC)can promote China's manufacturing industry green growth is of great importance for China to accelerate the realization of green economy transformation and building of China's high-quality modern ecological economic system. This paper analyzes the impact of embedding in GVC on China's manufacturing industry green growth from perspectives of embedding position and embedding degree, using panel data from 17 manufacturing industries from 2000 to 2014. The study finds that during the inspection period, GVC embedding position and embedding degree of China's manufacturing industry have a fluctuation and there is a large difference between industries, most industries are still in the downstream of GVC, and low-tech industries embedding in GVC to a deeper degree. In the meantime, China's manufacturing industry green growth level has declined, and green growth situation is not optimistic. Dynamic panel results show that raising the GVC embedding position can significantly promote China's manufacturing industry green growth. Further, threshold regression is used to find that when the embedding position crosses a certain threshold, the effect of increasing the GVC embedding degree on green growth changes from inhibition to promotion. And the effect of GVC embedding position and degree on China's manufacturing industry green growth has significant industry heterogeneity. Finally, based on the research conclusions, concrete implications for promoting China's manufacturing industry green growth are put forward: First, China should improve the GVC embedding position of manufacturing industry and enhance the value-added and control capabilities of the value chain. Second, China should increase the GVC high-end links embedding degree of manufacturing industry. While realizing value chain functional upgrading and chain upgrading, increase GVC embedding degree. Third, China should accelerate energy technology innovation, promote the development of new energy, and accelerate the transformation of energy consumption structure. Last of all, China should implement industry differentiation policies, enhance the overall competitiveness of the high-tech industry, and achieve the "essential" improvement of the GVC position of the low-tech industry. At the same time, for all industries, China must improve the level of environmental regulation, increase R&D investment, and reduce the proportion of coal consumption and the proportion of state-owned enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because China's statistical system differs from other countries, the reported energy data of its transport sector cannot be used for worldwide comparison, representing an obstacle for scientific research and policy making. A practical methodology to evaluate internationally consistent energy data for China's transport sector is presented in this paper. A calibration process was used to combine the results from top-down and bottom-up methods. The results indicate that the total energy consumption related to all transport activities is about one-third higher than the officially reported data. Gasoline and diesel used by non-operating vehicles in the road sector represent the greatest difference. Total energy demand in China's transport sector was 327 million tons of coal equivalent (Mtce) in 2010, 411 Mtce in 2013, and 452 Mtce in 2015. After adjustment, the transport sector accounted for 13% of the total final energy demand in 2010 and 2013, 14% in 2015, and 10% of national CO 2 emissions in 2015. During 2010–2013 and 2013–2015, total energy demand in China's transport sector increased by 84 Mtce and 41 Mtce, respectively, and 88% and 85% of the growth came from the road sector. Without calibration, bottom-up methods often resulted in an overestimation of energy consumption for gasoline and diesel, sometimes exceeding the total national consumption level. The proposed method and estimated results not only support the development of energy consumption and CO 2 emission inventories for China but also lay the foundation for further research on low-carbon strategies for China's transport sector and associated policies. Uncertainties in the estimations and suggestions for improvement are also discussed. • Official data underestimated the energy demand in China's transport sector. • A methodology to evaluate energy data for China's transport sector was introduced. • Energy demand and CO 2 emissions in transport in 2010, 2013 and 2015 were evaluated. • Total energy demand of transport sector was one-third higher than official data. • The reliability of evaluation result was substantially improved by this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent rapid growth of energy use in China now exerts great pressure on energy supply and the environment. This study provides scenarios of future energy development and resulting pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, taking into account the most up-to-date data and recent policy discussions that will affect future economic, industrial, and energy supply trends. To address uncertainties, especially those surrounding the level of energy-intensive production in the next several decades, three scenarios were defined, which reasonably represent the range of plausible futures for energy development. The results from quantitative analysis show that energy demand in China could be as high as 2.9 billion toe (tons oil equivalent) in 2030, which could exceed the available energy supply. When compared with previous energy scenario studies, this result is much higher. By using various policy options discussed in the article, however, there is potential to reduce this high demand to 2.4 billion toe in 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]