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This paper analyzes gendered social identity in Japan and the United States, countries with comparable postindustrial economic systems but distinct cultural traditions. Using national surveys (1995), we find gender differences in value orientations to be neither systematic nor consistent. They often disappeared after controlling for demographic and human-capital variables, though not so often for Japan. Other variables proved more important predictors of values than gender, although in different ways in Japan and the United States. We conclude by reassessing the use of the term gender in social research and the cultural meaning of gender relations by addressing the feminist concerns with issues of gender location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsequent to military conflict between two countries, scholars advocate conflict resolutionbe pursued. This qualitative research measures laypersons' perceptions of conflict resolutionacross Western and Arab/Muslim cultures. Querying a sample of citizens from Iraq and the UnitedStates, we measure respondents' receptiveness to conflict resolution in the context of the UnitedStates and Iraq relations. We simultaneously qualify which principles and factors they determineacceptable to induce conflict resolution. Research findings demonstrate that respondents across oursamples believe conflict resolution in this instance is necessary. Respondents also predominantlyembrace similar principles and factors to advance a resolution process. Our theoretical approachand survey findings challenge contemporary conflict resolution comparative discourse between Arab/Muslim and Western approaches, demonstrating that there is a quantifiable degree of convergencethat would enable a process to be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]