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Presents a list of titles and abstracts of papers regarding geography presented to the Association of American Geographers from 1904 to 1910.

The disciplinary space that geographers conceive to be theirs has all been previously possessed, or latterly colonised, by other disciplines. Geographers defend their existence on the basis of their oft-asserted, but never tested, cross-disciplinarity. The journals in which refereed papers were published by members of the Institute of Australian Geographers (IAG) and the papers in Australian Geographical Studies were analysed for the period 1998–2002 to test the hypothesis of cross-disciplinarity in both subject and method. IAG members do strongly tend to publish in more than one disciplinary area, and a large proportion of papers in Australian Geographical Studies are integrative across subdisciplines in geography, with many using more than one methodological approach. However, transgression of the physical geography/human geography divide was sufficiently uncommon to create a statistical break between sets of subdisciplines. Based on the data used in the present paper, Australian geographers can make a case for being members of a vital, integrative discipline, likely to make substantial advances in the hybrid spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents abstracts of articles from the Association of American Geographers in 1940. "The Relations of Some Texas Soils to Their Parent Materials"; "The Historic Indians of Louisiana"; "Louisiana Foods".

The article presents information on the 58th meeting conducted by the Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers in North Carolina. The annual meeting of the Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers (SEDAAG) was held in North Carolina on November 23-25, 2003. A series of New Voices of the Southeast sessions, an innovation conceived by SEDAAG President Ron Mitchelson, was implemented this year. These sessions showcased new geography professionals in the region. Three New Voices sessions with twelve papers were organized by Allan James and Kavita Pandit.

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This paper considers the ways geographers (proper) and (geographical) economists approach the study of economic geography. it argues that there are two areas where the approach of the latter is more robust than the former. First, formal models identify which assumptions are crucial in obtaining a particular result and enforce internal consistency when moving from micro to macro behaviour. Second, empirical work tends to be more rigorous. There is much greater emphasis on identifying and testing refutable predictions from theory and on dealing with issues of observational equivalence. But any approach can be improved and so the paper also identifies ways in which geographical economists could learn from the direction taken by economic geographers proper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces papers that were presented a conference on cultural geography in Melbourne, in September 2003. Influence of cultural geographical techniques; Criticism on the apolitical nature of cultural engagements; Concern on the colonization of the society and politics by cultural geography; Influence of cultural geography on environmental research.

This is the last of three papers that explore the relevance of 'the Anthropocene' (and the related idea of 'planetary boundaries') to present and future research in Geography. The first paper (The Anthropocene and Geography I: The back story) summarised the origins and evolution of the proposition that the Holocene has ended. The second paper (The Anthropocene and Geography II: Current contributions) then mapped-out the relatively few, but varied, contributions that geographers have so far made to assessing or advancing this proposition. This final instalment looks ahead. It offers readers informed speculation on how future discussions of the Anthropocene might take shape in Geography. These discussions may matter for a great many others besides geographers in the years ahead. Given their epochal meanings and enormous implications for humans, the Anthropocene and planetary boundaries ideas stand to become societal keywords that, along with some other collateral terms, might organise debate and action about one of the greatest human questions, namely: 'how should we live?'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research process is more like finding one's way through a complex maze. ‘Home is where the heart is’, but foreign students face a number of problems upon their return home to do research. This paper chronicles the dilemma of a Zimbabwean student conducting fieldwork for his UK-based doctoral studies in his own country. The dilemmas were critical in that the fieldwork was undertaken during the ‘Zimbabwe crisis’ and the inherent problems of researching government-related organisations. This has a bearing on any research process and invokes use of the etic/emic dilemma. This paper contributes to the gaps and growing literature on methods and techniques for conducting qualitative research in human geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of the returns to a questionnaire survey on the state of department archives within UK departments of geography. The results of the survey are discussed in relation to recent work in geography which has examined the archive as a site for knowledge's making but seldom in its own terms as a resource for the history of geography, and studies within the archival sciences which have considered the archive as something more than a ‘storehouse’ for collective memory. The paper reveals that the archival record for the history of British geography is at best uneven, and in many departments non-existent, although information on departmental history is held, often as memory, by individual geographers. The paper considers the survey's implications for the future histories of British geography and addresses the nature of the UK geography department archive as resource and responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, by showing various applications of infrared imagery, is intended to stimulate thinking among geographers toward the potentiality of airborne infrared imaging systems as geographic research tools. By making use of the capabilities of airborne infrared systems the researcher will gain valuable supplemental information which in many cases is unattainable from conventional aerial photography. The geographer interested in earth science investigations will find infrared imaging systems quite valuable in the determination of certain geological formations and structural features. Hydrographic features, owing to the variation in land-water heat capacities, show quite well on most infrared imagery. Certain types of vegetation may be differentiated more readily in the infrared, than in the visible, portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Other applications to archeological research, rural applications, such as wildlife inventories, and urban investigations, such as commuter studies are also suggested. High resolution infrared radiometers are already being used to great advantage in meteorological studies from orbital altitudes. By applying infrared imaging devices in their research geographers, while gaining valuable supplemental information, may provide data useful in systems development. At present, the geographer may find it difficult to apply infrared sensors to his research because of the relative expense of the system or U.S. Department of Defense security classification of the imagery, but he should be prepared to employ this new tool as more infrared imagery is declassified and more systems come into use.

This paper discusses the 1912 Transcontinental Excursion of the American Geographical Society. Planned and led by W.M. Davis, the 21 000 kilometre excursion highlighted facets of the geography of the USA and demonstrated the growing status of American academic geography to 43 European geographers. Among these were George G. Chisholm and Alan G. Ogilvie, respectively first lecturer and first professor of geography at Edinburgh University. Use is made of their unpublished notes and selected published material to convey the impact of the excursion on both men, demonstrate the friendships and networks that developed, and illustrate something of the methodological debates conducted during this unique, mobile summer school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explore the contours of a ‘method’ for postcolonial development geography, which makes it possible to imagine another ‘world-picturing’. We suggest three steps towards such a method. First, we propose that a postcolonial method involves thinking about why we are doing research in the south in the first place; how we come to and produce our questions; and how we analyze and represent our findings based on our subject positionings. Second, that we need to recognize theorization as an inherent part of method, rethink how we currently theorize and reconfigure our methods of theorization to address wider political aims. Problematizing theorization helps challenge the universalism of Eurocentric theories, thus enabling development geography to move towards more decolonized versions and visions. Finally, that this must be accompanied by firmer recognition of our multiple investments – personal, institutional and geopolitical – and how they frame the possibilities for change. These are some possible steps that we think can reconfigure the ‘scholarly track’ that postcolonial development geographers traverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the changing focus and role of development geography in Australian university teaching and research. It is based primarily on interviews with Emeritus Professors Harold Brookfield and David Lea and Professor John Connell, which were conducted as part of the Institute of Australian Geographers’ Millennium Project on Geography and Geographers. Drawing on the collective wisdom of these geographers, the evolution and characteristics of development geography in Australia and the reasons for its past strength are outlined. Additionally, the contributions made by this branch of the discipline to Geography are described, reasons for the parlous state of development geography in Australia today are presented and a number of issues related to its future survival are raised. The paper argues that, for the discipline of Geography in Australia to retain social relevance, a continuing focus on global inequality and its impacts at the local scale is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's experience of meeting of the Institute of British Geographers in Durham along with nearly 200 geographers. Nine papers were presented in addition to Wilfred Smith's presidential address, "The location of industry." After each speaker presented his or her paper, a discussant commented, then followed extended questions and comment from the audience. Finally, the speaker was formally thanked. There some 1209 papers were presented in 292 sessions, plus numerous panel discussions, poster sessions, plenary sessions, workshops and field trips.

The question of what lies ahead is of particular concern for Latin Americanists. The last decade has witnessed a serious erosion of both the popularity of their specialty, and an equally troublesome reduction in employment opportunities. This paper uses Association of American Geographers (AAG) data bases to document the age-gender structure of contemporary Latin Americanist geographers, and projects likely compositional changes through the end of the century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the nature of the French discipline of geography through the research and writings of the eighteenth century geographer, d'Anville, the geographers on the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt (1798–1801), and those involved in the exploration of Algeria (1839–42), and illuminates a major paradigm shift which transformed geography from a science barely recognizable to modern geographers into a social science with many of the dimensions of the modern discipline. In the eighteenth century, French geographers were primarily concerned with locational determination and representation: locating and mapping towns, major natural or human-made features, and provincial and national borders. By the early nineteenth century, there is evidence that geographers were beginning to broaden their interests to include problems that were not strictly locational. In this period of transition, instead of radically reforming their approach, French geographers clung to their traditional methodologies and stretched them to solve nonlocational problems. By the mid-nineteenth century, they had substantially refocused their attention on the general nature of the terrain, description of major landscape features, ’man’ as a being interacting with the environment to produce race and culture, the movement of populations, hegemonic boundaries and territoriality, the history of exploration, and commercial geography. Geography retained an anachronistic and increasingly peculiar concern with the determination of location. This paper represents the first step in an attempt to explore geography's ambiguous role in the intellectual revolution that took place between 1750–1850 and which gave birth to the modern social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a first-person narrative of a geographer in the United States regarding the development of the "Geographical Analysis" journal. Dissatisfaction with the publication policies of the existing journals in 1966; Publication of the first issue in January 1969 with Richard A. McKee as the first Production Editor; Politicking, panic and interpersonal and intradisciplinary squabbling during the formative period.

Presents a first-person narrative of a geographer in the United States regarding developments in quantitative geography in the 1950s and 1960s. Arrival in the Department of Geography at the State University of Iowa in the fall of 1957; Appointment of Edwin Thomas to the department's faculty in 1958 which served as a catalyst in the accelerated and formal development of quantitative geography who brought with him his expertise in statistical analysis.

A critique of abstraction has become one of the most important reference points for contemporary human geography. The terms of this critique have, however, been limited by the tendency to oppose the abstract to the lived. This paper argues that abstraction can be affirmed as a necessary element of understandings of lived worlds in the making. Doing this requires revisiting the relation between abstraction and two matters of disciplinary concern: experience and materiality. These matters of concern are drawn together via one technology of abstraction, the diagram, before an affirmative critique of abstraction for geographical thinking is outlined in concluding. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Relying on the fecund interface of three fields—studies in science, risk geography, and knowledge management—this paper notes first that the lack of understanding of the relationships between maps and territory and risks is an unfortunate consequence of the way the mapping impulse has been interpreted during the modernist period. Then, taking into account the advent of digital navigation, the paper discusses a very different interpretation of the mapping enterprise that allows a mimetic use of maps to be distinguished from a navigational one. Consequently, we suggest maps should be considered as dashboards of a calculation interface that allows one to pinpoint successive signposts while moving through the world, the famous multiverse of William James. This distinction, we argue, might, on the one hand, help geography to grasp the very idea of risks and, on the other, help to free geography from its fascination with the base map by allowing a whole set of new features, such as anticipation, participation, reflexivity, and feedback, now being included in the navigational definition of maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, discussions on positionality and the relationship with research collaborators have been very much in the human geography realm. In this paper, we explore issues of expertise, positionality, collaboration and participation from our perspective as physical geographers working in a developing country context. We trace our journey from identifying ourselves as top-down ‘experts’ to participatory ‘facilitators’, and the difficulties and dilemmas encountered during this journey as we coped with the contrasting challenges of academic demands and local necessities. Our experiences highlight the many assumptions we make about doing research in developing countries and the real lack of capacity in these places to undertake typical short-term research projects designed in the developed world. We conclude with a call for a longer term and deeper commitment by physical geographers to the people that we engage with in our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the role played by the specious present or moment, what some call the present of the now, in geographical discussions of social change. Its most explicit treatment as a temporal framing for such change has been in performative approaches, with their stress on the capacity of immersive body practices to produce difference through the ongoing repetition of such practices, a difference that plays on what is habitually or instinctively accessed through each specious present. However, we can also find debates focused on large-scale social practices that have combined various forms of structural or institutional contingency (ie customary practices, past investment cycles, etc) with becoming and which see becoming as rooted in the everyday reiteration of such practices, an interpretation that also privileges the moment as the point when becoming is actualised. Brought together, these different approaches provide the basis for a more broadly based interpretation of change focused on the specious present. This paper explores the case for this broader interpretation. It is divided into four sections. The first reviews those philosophical discussions of the specious present that have attracted most attention from human geographers. The second reviews the ways in which the geographical debate has used the specious present as a framing for change. The third examines how these different geographical treatments fill or extend the specious present, whilst the fourth and final section considers the implications of such thinking for how we interpret change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is adapted from an address given at the plenary session of the conference ’From Native and Landscape Research to Urban and Regional Studies‘ held in Tartu on 23 August, 2002, to mark the birthdays of J.G. Granö (120 years.) and Edgar Kant (100 years). The Finnish geographer J.G. Granö was Professor of Geography at the University of Tartu from 1919 to 1923, a period during which that university became the birthplace of many original geographical ideas. Edgar Kant was beginning his studies at that time, and a link was forged between the two scholars which lasted until Granö's death in 1956. The nature of this interaction and its significance for the history of geographical studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the question "who are 'we' and how have the remarkable changes over the past century in who are 'we' changed the discipline. Quotations from Charles Colby in 1935; Statement cited in James and Martin in 1978; Notion that geographers are basically men.

This article focuses on a set of sessions on children's geographies conducted at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers in New Orleans in February 2003 focusing on the theme issue on Exclusion, inclusion, and Belonging. One of the central projects of recent work in children's geographies, for example, has been the analysis of young people's exclusion from full participation in society's activities and spaces by both formal legal frameworks and everyday practices that serve to naturalize adult authority. The concept of exclusion has featured prominently in academic and social policy d iscourses over the past several decades, perhaps most notably in the countries of the European Union but also in other contexts.

Observations that submissions of physical geography research to the Southeastern Geographer have been low prompted us to question if the Southeast is understudied by physical geographers relative to other regions. We reviewed over 7,000 articles in eleven journals to estimate the frequency and types of field-based research being done. We also reviewed the online publication lists of physical geographers living in the Southeast to determine where they conduct their research. Based on the journal articles reviewed, 72% of the field sites were in international locations. Of the 28% that used U.S. field sites, only 8.4% (2.3% of the total) were in the Southeast. Given that the Southeast makes up over 12% of the land area and is home to 37% of the geography programs in the U.S., the concentration of research in the area is low. Aside from being understudied, field-based research in the Southeast is also unevenly distributed. North Carolina and Georgia were the most studied states. North Carolina was the most frequently used location for geomorphology studies and Tennessee was cited most often for biogeography. Kentucky and South Carolina were the least studied states. Few researchers from states outside the SEDAAG region come into the Southeast to conduct research. At the same time, a significant portion of the research efforts of geographers living in the Southeast have been put toward field sites in other states and countries. The resulting lack of focus on the unique environments of the Southeast is limiting our knowledge of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the discipline of China geography and the contributions China geographers have made to the field of China studies, focusing primarily on the period since World War II and on China geographers working in North America. Outside of the PRC and North America, other key centers arc in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. China geographers (outside of China) arc relatively few in number, but have been increasingly productive ever since the opening of China in the late 1970s and the resulting expanded opportunities for doing fieldwork and collaboration with scholars there. This paper provides synopses of leading China geographers in order to offer insights into the scope and evolution of the discipline. The field has become increasingly sophisticated and the practitioners are increasingly Chinese émigrés Publications have been heavily focused on urban geography, as well as various aspects of economic geography, environmental studies, and cultural geography. Major gaps remain in cultural, historical social population, and political geography. These gaps arc areas of greatest interest to other China scholars--thereby accounting, in part, for the low visibility of China geographers. Collaborative research, especially in these areas, greater involvement in the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) and similar organizations, and more publications in China studies journals could help to raise visibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishes a ranking of journals reflecting the opinions of the academic community of geographers on the overall quality of their publications. "Arctic and Alpine Research;" "Geographical Review;" "American Cartographer."

Discusses the role of Fred K. Schaefer in the development of the science of geography. Family background; Graduation at the Kaiser Friedrich Real Gymnasium in 1927; Postgraduate studies at the University of Berlin from 1928 to 1932; Work as a statistician; Political refuge in London when the Nazis came to power; Migration to the United States in 1938; Staff member at the State University of Iowa; Famous article, "Exceptionalism in Geography: A Methodological Examination".

Focuses on the importance of enlarged international contacts for the Association of American Geographers in the U.S. Significance of first-hand reports on geographers and geography in a session in a meeting; Presentation of a paper on China; Invitation for a Russian geographer to attend the meeting.

Most cities are influenced by those cultures which they serve and represent. At the same time, the cultures are influenced by their respective cities. This mutual relationship among cities and cultures constitutes a complex of processes of functional interrelationships. The geographic approach to these processes leads to the delimitation of twelve major world-regions and several sub-regions that are characterized by the areally varying processes associating cities and cultures. A system of world-regions of this nature is proposed in the present paper. The proposed system places every city of the world into a hierarchy of functional regions, far beyond the city's own hinterland. Every city is then visualized as a molder and reflector of its cultural environment. In addition, the following implications of such a regional system on the field of urban geography are discussed. First, the urban geographer is able to contribute to regional studies by considering the influence the cities have upon a given region. Secondly, the urban geographer adds another aspect to the research on any city by purposely studying the city as the expression of the surrounding cultural realm. Thirdly, the proposed regions are a tool for systematic and comparative study on the regional variation of cities from one culture-region to another.

Focuses on practices of fieldwork in geographical studies. Importance of fieldwork in geography; Difference between theory and fieldwork; Views of geographers from 1940's and 1950's.

Abstract: The Second World War marked an epochal change in the relation of geographers to war and the military. The military had long utilised the skills of geographers, but from World War II the relation changed at least in the United States, and the military began less drawing upon existing geographical knowledge than directing a new kind that was increasingly formal, instrumental, and model driven. With the growing importance of the computer, this trend continued even more strongly during the early Cold War period, and was further propelled by the interests of a new, collective assemblage, the military–industrial complex. A cyborg entity, the military–industrial complex enfolded diverse performances, ideas, inanimate objects, people and even academic disciplines into a larger composite, one product of which was a new regime for the production of knowledge. The purposes of the paper are to examine the process by which geography within the United Stated joined this cyborg entity, and the character of the disciplinary knowledge regime that eventuated. The argument is pursued by examining three individuals key to the new disciplinary regime: Waldo Tobler a pioneer of analytical cartography and later GIS whose first job was at RAND on a project to develop an early warning system for nuclear attack; William Garrison who spearheaded the use of economic modelling in studies of transportation that he carried out with his students at the University of Washington Seattle; and Arthur Strahler, a geologist at Columbia University, who through his links to the US Office of Naval Research, funded and directed a set of students who later entered physical geography utterly transforming it to meet the dictates of the new regime. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Discusses how different forms of geography are continually being legitimated as geographers redefine and negotiate their roles in diverse circumstances and alliances. Debate on how expertise is contingently produced and might be democratized; Overview of the concept of boundary work; Geography and the problems of expertise.

The article presents the author's views on cultural geography from non-geographers. One might forgive those who sometimes mistake particular research as cultural geography which is in fact conducted by non-geographers or geographers who would not ordinarily identify themselves as cultural geographers. The author insists on extending subdisciplinary debates to new audiences, using vernacular languages for publication, thus engaging other academic/linguistic communities and opening up opportunities for other potential voices to enter the dialogues.

This paper reviews the employment records of recent Geography graduates, and compares them with graduates from other disciplines. In general geographers show an average or slightly better than average ability to obtain employment after graduating, both in the short and long term. The combined analytical, technical and communication skills that are characteristic of a Geography training in Higher Education, plus the high take-up rates for further full-time study, appear to open up an unusually wide range of career prospects. Many of these, however, do not use geographical understanding, but require the skills and flexibility of the Geography training. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Fieldwork has been an important component of human geography. A multi-decade analysis of articles in three major journals shows that human geographers since the mid 1970s have produced less fieldwork-based research than ever before in this century. The impetus for this unprecedented decline and other similar disciplinary trends are traced to several causes; demographic change, technological change, institutional pressures, and the resurgence of applied geography. Such fundamental change places disturbing questions before geographers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In describing the position of human ecology within the system of sciences, Robert Park .was concerned with establishing the logical independent of ecology from geography He used arguments of neo-Kantian philosophy and to a lesser extent Comtean positivism to accomplish his goal. The study of the philosophical context of Park's arguments on human science suggests that his views were more compatible with those of the regional geographers of his period than with those of the urban and social geographers who rediscovered his work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frederick Jackson Turner was a precursor to the modern historical geographer as well as, a cofounder of the American subdiscipline His studies of frontiers, sections, and regions pioneered new paths for interdisciplinary scholarship, between history and the earth sciences, particularly `geography. In both: his scholarship and his teaching career, Tuner stressed the importance of geographical understanding and methodology. His personal commitment to the discipline involved him in the professional affairs of the community of American geographers. While much of Turner's empirical work has been superseded in this century, his theories persists as continuing stimulants to geographical thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the views of geographers Trudi E. Bunting and Leonard Guelke in response to the criticism of their article, published previously in the journal "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." They say that throughout the commentary the critic questions the thesis that behavioral geography begin with the study of real-world behavior. Contrary to this they are not advocating to return to that style of human geography that infers motivation and provides interpretation simply on the basis of behavioral observation. Instead they are arguing for a revitalized behavioral geography--one that begins with overt behavior and carefully works back to interpret, predict, and explain such behavior in terms of its decision-making antecedents.

The results of behavioral and perception research are of little value in the explanation of real-world human geographical activity. The idea behind behavioral and perception geography that people behave in the real world on the basis of subjective images, not objective knowledge, is not new. A strong quantitative and theoretical dimension and interdisciplinary orientation distinguishes recent research from earlier work. The main thrust of modern research has been on the composition of images and their relationships to socioeconomic and other attributes of subjects. Behavioral and perception geographers have assumed that environmental images can be measured accurately and that there are strong relationships between environmental images and actual behavior. These assumptions are questionable and so is the status of research based upon them. A new emphasis on actual behavior is needed in behavioral and perception research as a first step towards the investigation of the behavioral consequences of images in real-world geographical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a first-person narrative of a geographer in the United States regarding developments in the discipline of geography from 1957 to 1977. Early graduate days in the fall of 1956 at the Northwestern University; Stagnation of geography for decades because of lack of tools, methodological insight and development; General trend of applying statistics to geographical research; Philosophical issues in geography.

Presents a first-person narrative of a geographer in the United States the nature of the discipline of geography in the 1960s particularly in the University of Chicago. Quantitative revolution; Increased stress on theory and the shift from studies of areal differentiation to studies of spatial organization; Three-part revolution composed of the quantitative, theoretical and definitional.

Presents a first-person narrative of a geographer in the United States regarding the status of geography in the 1950s. Return of geographers serving in government agencies to the universities, bringing with them the lessons of their wartime experiences back to their classrooms and curricula; Emphasis on fieldwork and on the concrete, the empirical and the pragmatic.

Presents a first-person narrative of a geographer in the United States. Advice from Charles C. Colby at the University of Chicago; Career in city planning; Return to the academe as a faculty member at the University of Chicago after 10 years; Specific emphasis on detailed microgeographic field studies in the Platt tradition, the application of geography in conservation and resource planning, and urban geography.

Climatology is reviewed and redefined in terms of relevance to geography, and a programmatic statement for future research is presented. Instead of enumerating substantive areas, physical geography is defined and ranked according to five levels of methodology and attendant philosophy. The essence of geographical climatology is the analysis and description of process-response systems of importance to mankind occurring within the planetary boundary layer, interface, and substrates. The future of a climatology useful to geographers appears to lie in the numerical modeling of such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the excursion of the Association of American Geographers in December 1940. Field excursion following the Baton Rouge, Louisiana meeting.

Delves into the Association of American Geographers in the U.S. Discussion of the organization of the association; Identification of the association's presidents; Analysis of the National Council of Geography Teachers.

The American public high school of today is without counterpart in any other country. There are about twenty thousand high schools in the U.S. of three years and four years educational span. For many years past professional geography has had slight contact with secondary education. Professional geographers by and large, hold opinions on the high school that arise from individual experience with isolated schools and from an awareness of a lack of geographic background on the part of college students. Geographers tend to deplore what they hear about the school social studies programs.