20 results
Search Results
2. ECONOMIC CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF LABOUR.
- Author
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Palát, Milan
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,REGRESSION analysis ,STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
Migration waves in Europe in the past century had diverse causes but currently prevailing purposes for migration are of economic origin. International labour migration is mainly promoted by economic interests. This paper puts together important facts regarding motivation to labour migration and provides explanations of their impacts on the macroeconomic level. Understanding of broader migration patterns and identification of key determinants of migration described in this paper may allow the evaluation of applied migration policies and the determination of macro- and microeconomic benefits and costs of international labour migration. A partial objective of the practical part of the paper is to evaluate relationships between the rate of migration and the unemployment rate in countries of the Visegrad group using adequate quantitative methods. To determine parameters of a regression function were used methods of regression and correlation analysis including testing the statistical significance. Based on these results, the existence of correlation is evident between the crude rate of net migration and the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic and Hungary but calculated correlation indices in Poland and Slovakia were evaluated as statistically insignificant which can be attributed to higher structural problems of those two economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
3. WHAT ATTRACTS KNOWLEDGE WORKERS? THE ROLE OF SPACE AND SOCIAL NETWORKS.
- Author
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Miguélez, Ernest and Moreno, Rosina
- Subjects
KNOWLEDGE workers ,SOCIAL networks ,RESIDENTIAL mobility ,INVESTORS ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration - Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of the geographical mobility of skilled individuals, such as inventors, across European regions. Among a large number of variables, we focus on the role of social proximity between inventors' communities. We use a control function approach to address the endogenous nature of networks, and zero-inflated negative binomial models to accommodate our estimations to the count nature of the dependent variable and the high number of zeros it contains. Our results highlight the importance of physical proximity, job opportunities, social networks, as well as other relational variables in mediating this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Migration responses of immigrants in Spain during the Great Recession.
- Author
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Prieto-Rosas, Victoria, Recaño, Joaquín, and Quintero-Lesmes, Doris Cristina
- Subjects
INTERNAL migration ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,IMMIGRANTS ,CITIZENSHIP ,LABOR mobility - Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to describe the impact of the crisis on the intensity and demographic profile of internal migration and different forms of international emigration. METHODS Using microdata from the Residential Variation Statistics for 2006-2013, we estimate the rates of interregional migration and the different forms of international emigration, including return migration and remigration. We used multinomial regressions. RESULTS Return migration and emigration to an unknown destination increased significantly with respect to interregional mobility at early and late stages of the crisis. In contrast, interregional migration was more likely than international emigration before the first stage. Regardless of birthplace, Spanish citizenship is an asset for mobility within Spain and the EU for all foreign-born individuals, and for emigration to non-EU countries for Cubans. Finally, emigration to an unknown destination resembles return migration in its composition by sex, age, and origin. CONTRIBUTION First, we discuss the chronology of migration responses, while showing that the prevalence of each varies according to citizenship status and the stages of the economic downturn. Second, it notes the similarities between emigration to an unknown destination and return migration captured by the Spanish Residential Variation Statistics, supporting the argument that the former is a kind of return adopted by immigrants without Spanish citizenship. Third, although Spain is one of the European countries with a significant share of foreign-born populations and also one of the few countries with statistics to examine both internal migration and international emigration, this paper constitutes the first attempt to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Socioeconomic Factors of Immigrants' Location Choices. Evidence for the South of Europe.
- Author
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Martín Martín, José María and Jiménez Aguilera, Juan De Dios
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,SOCIAL conditions of immigrants ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
This paper takes as a reference, empirical analyses conducted in northern European countries and the United States which associate socioeconomic factors to the location patterns of immigrants. It has been suggested that the socioeconomic context of southern Europe could impact immigrants' location choices. We analyze data on the location of immigrants in municipalities of the Andalusian region in southern Spain with respect to the factors that most influence immigrants' location preferences as discussed in the literature: a pre-existing immigrant community, economic dynamism, population size and other scarcely investigated factors such as the territorial characteristics of the municipality and its productive structure. We conclude that immigrant location patterns in Andalusia are very similar to those found in geographical areas outside Spain, with the exception of specific characteristics related to the social and labor model of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Immigration, Conflict, and Redistribution.
- Author
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Sánchez‐Pagés, Santiago and Solano García, Ángel
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,INCOME redistribution ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
In this paper, we analyze how the possibility of conflict between natives and immigrants shapes income redistribution in developed democracies. This possibility can generate income redistribution towards immigrants even if they have no voting rights. We show that the threat of conflict between natives and immigrants lowers vertical income redistribution (from the rich to the poor) as the level of immigration increases. The opposite holds for horizontal income redistribution (from natives to immigrants), which increases with the level of immigration. Income inequality weakens the negative effect of immigration on vertical redistribution, but it also reduces horizontal redistribution. These theoretical predictions are consistent with the results of our empirical analysis on data from 29 European countries: larger immigrant populations are associated with more redistribution towards immigrants and lower vertical redistribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Occupational Integration of Male Migrants in Western European Countries: Assimilation or Persistent Disadvantage?
- Author
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Ballarino, Gabriele and Panichella, Nazareno
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,IMMIGRANTS ,LABOR market ,EMPLOYMENT policy ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
This paper looks at the migrants' occupational integration process. Two main theoretical perspectives are tested: the first one (assimilation view) claims that in the short-run migrants are penalized, but as they settle in the receiving country they get integrated into the host society; the second one (segmented assimilation view) claims that disadvantages persist in the long-run. EU-LFS and ESS data are described and modelled, in order to compare the labour market performances of migrants in four European old-receiving countries (Germany, France, Great Britain and Sweden) and in two new-receiving countries (Spain and Italy) both in a short-term and in a long-run perspective. We find that a) in the short-run, migrants' labour market condition is worst with respect to the natives; b) this gap decreases with older migrants; c) the ethnic penalty disappears with the second generation, when they achieve a level of education comparable to that of the natives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Should They Stay or Should They Go? Attitudes Towards Immigration in Europe.
- Author
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Bridges, Sarah and Mateut, Simona
- Subjects
EUROPEAN emigration & immigration ,EUROPEANS ,PUBLIC opinion on emigration & immigration ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,RACE relations ,LABOR market ,ECONOMIC conditions in Europe ,SOCIAL conditions in Europe ,TWENTY-first century ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
This paper examines the main determinants of individual attitudes towards immigration in Europe. Our results suggest that both economic and non-economic variables shape attitudes towards immigration, but the relative importance of these factors depends crucially on the race/ethnicity of the arriving immigrants. While fears over labour market competition are more likely to shape attitudes towards the arrival of same race immigrants, more exposure to immigrants reduces opposition towards the arrival of different race immigrants. These findings persist after controlling for socioeconomic characteristics, and after exploiting the data to allow for cohort-specific effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Towards a Global Agenda on Migration and Development? Evidence from Senegal.
- Author
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Kabbanji, Lama
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,ECONOMIC development ,IMMIGRATION policy ,INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,EUROPEAN emigration & immigration - Abstract
ABSTRACT The migration-development nexus has been of increasing importance in international relations between African and European countries since 2000. Linking migration to development has spurred political interest in the development potential of migrants as a substitute for official development assistance. This paper analyses the convergence in discourse and practices on migration and development in the context of migration policies formulated to manage migration between Africa and Europe. The discourse on migration and development is mobilised by different actors to justify their actions; it stems from different migration management concepts and frameworks advocated by the European Union, particularly in its Global Approach to Migration. The migration and development discourse is sustained by increased funding from the European Union and some member states to instil a particular view of the nexus between migration and development. The case of Senegal in this paper illustrates the application of the dominant discourse. The first section provides an analysis of the discourse mobilised by different actors at the European and African levels to justify the promotion of the migration-development nexus. The second section scrutinises the practices and roles of the actors involved in the design and implementation of recent programmes in Senegal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Crisis, Migration and the Death Drive of Capitalism.
- Author
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Tsianos, Vassilis S. and Papadopoulos, Dimitris
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,CAPITALISM ,SOCIAL reproduction ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
An essay is presented on migration and crisis in Europe which is the death drive of capitalism. The authors say that migration has became a social force that challenges various organisations of power and control and it is the fact that causes capitalism. They mention that migration became important for motivating a mode of production and social reproduction.
- Published
- 2012
11. Migration and uneven development within an enlarged European Union: Fathering, gender divisions and male migrant domestic services.
- Author
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Perrons, Diane, Plomien, Ania, and Kilkey, Majella
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,IMMIGRANTS ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,PARENTING & society ,SOCIAL policy ,PUBLIC welfare -- Social aspects ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
Drawing mainly on qualitative evidence gathered from interviews with migrant handymen and with labour-using households in the UK, this paper analyses how this migration typifies economic and social divisions within Europe and embodies conflicting tensions between economic and social policies at an interpersonal level. By supplying household services, migrant handymen enable labour-using households to alleviate time pressures and conflicts in time priorities arising from tensions between economic expectations regarding working hours and work commitment, and social expectations regarding contemporary ideas of active parenting. Similarly to the outsourcing of feminized domestic labour and care, these tensions are in part resolved for labour-using households by extending class divisions across national boundaries while leaving gender divisions changed but not transformed and in some instances exacerbating work/ life tensions among the migrants. These broad findings are complicated by differential desires and capabilities around fathering practices among fathers in labour-using households and among the migrants, and economic differentiation among the migrant population. Although we cannot tell from our study whether such movement reinforces or redresses uneven development, what we can say is that existing cohesion policies are insufficient to redress uneven development, and individual responses including migration can reinforce existing social divisions. Further, existing social policies for promoting gender equality fail to recognize or redress the deeply embedded gendered norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Mother, the Daughter, and the Cow: Venezuelan Transformistas' Migration to Europe.
- Author
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Vogel, Katrin
- Subjects
SEX work ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,MIGRANT labor ,TRANSGENDER people's sexual behavior ,TRANSGENDER immigrants ,HUMAN sexuality - Abstract
Venezuelan transformistas migrate to Europe in order to occupy the lucrative niche of transgender sex work. With their earnings, they enhance the process of transforming their male bodies towards perfect femininity. Various forms of liminality are inherent both in transformistas' migration and in their bodily transformation. This paper aims at an understanding of how they arrived at their present situation by following their lives through time and space. It explores motivations for migration as well as the economic and affective dimensions of relations evolving from recruitment practices that are based on sexual identity and gender. The negotiation of love for their natural mothers through economic transactions is interpreted as a change of status that became possible in the context of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Africa < > Europe: A Double Engagement.
- Author
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Grillo, Ralph and Mazzucato, Valentina
- Subjects
TRANSNATIONALISM ,AFRICAN migrations ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
This introduction to the special issue entitled ‘Africa<>Europe: Transnational Linkages, Multi-Sited Lives’ outlines the history of the African migrant presence in Europe, gives an account of the contexts which shape contemporary migration, and surveys the approaches to international migration from Africa which have influenced researchers since the 1960s. Linking the contributions to the special issue is the theme of migrants’ transnational ‘double engagement’ with both Africa and Europe. The paper examines this theme across three domains of the lived experience of African migrants and refugees in Europe: ‘Livelihoods’, ‘Families’, and ‘Identities’. We conclude with an assessment of what can be learned (theoretically and methodologically) from the study of African transmigration, and suggest future lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Labor Markets and Economic Incorporation among Recent Immigrants in Europe.
- Author
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Kogan, Irena
- Subjects
LABOR market ,FOREIGN workers ,LABOR economics ,LABOR market research ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,MIGRANT labor - Abstract
The questions asked in the paper are whether and to what extent the employment situation among recent third-country immigrants differs across European Union countries and how it is related to these countries' labor market characteristics. The European Labor Force Survey data for the 1990s are used to disentangle the roles that the individual characteristics of immigrants, on the one hand, and the structural features of the receiving societies, on the other, play in the process of immigrants' labor market integration. The results of multilevel regression analyses confirm that in receiving countries with stronger demand for low-skilled labor, unprivileged immigrants are less disadvantaged at employment entry. Among men immigrants' employment disadvantages are found to be lower in liberal welfare states marked by their flexible labor markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Determinants of the subnational distribution of immigration.
- Author
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van der Gaag, Nicole and van Wissen, Leo
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration - Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of the subnational distribution of immigrants. In particular the following question is discussed: what factors, in general, account for the regional attractiveness to immigrants to settle in a particular region, and, more specifically, what are the most important factors influencing the spatial pattern of immigration in a selected number of European countries? In addition, the spatial pattern of destinations of immigration, as well as of foreign populations is discussed. Within this framework, attention is focused on the relationship between stocks of foreigners and immigration flows. The study was motivated by the need to improve assumptions on the regional distribution of immigration to be implemented in subnational population projections. The overall conclusion is that assumptions on the spatial distribution of immigration flows could be improved by using the spatial distribution of stocks of foreign population as predictor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Of employers, uncles and interpreters: the diverse trajectories of guest workers to the Belgian city of Ghent, 1960-1975.
- Author
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De Bock, Jozefien
- Subjects
FOREIGN workers ,EMPLOYEE recruitment ,MIGRANT labor ,COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration - Abstract
This article addresses a lesser-known part of post-war migration to Europe: the actual trajectories through which guest workers arrived in the countries of destination. Currently, these trajectories are explained through two models: that of large-scale employer recruitment and that of chain migration through personal networks. This article argues, however, that these two explanatory models oversimplify a complex historical reality. First, both models tend to be interpreted rather narrowly. Through an extensive discussion of the many different trajectories of guest workers to the Belgian city of Ghent, this article provides a more diffuse interpretation, focusing on the high degree of complexity within and overlap between them. Second, the existing models do not leave much space for a third category of agents: the so-called migration middlemen. This article places these middlemen in the spotlight, looking at their role as well as at their perception by contemporary actors. By providing a more encompassing picture of the actual migration trajectories of guest workers, of the many actors involved in them and of the different migration regimes framing them, the article hopes to contribute to a better understanding of the ways in which people move not only in the past but also in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Migrants: An opportunity or a threat for the European Union? An outline of the problem in the context of contemporary socio-economic challenges.
- Author
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Cymbranowicz, Katarzyna
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Copyright of International Business & Global Economy is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. What happens post-deportation? The experience of deported Afghans.
- Author
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Majidi, Nassim and Schuster, Liza
- Subjects
DEPORTATION ,AFGHANS ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration - Abstract
Deportation, understood as the physical removal of someone against their will from the territory of one state to that of another, has moved to the forefront of academic and policy agendas. Although there is a growing literature on legislation and policy, there is very little in-depth data on what happens post-deportation. In this article, we examine possible post-deportation outcomes. We argue that, whatever reasons existed for people to migrate in the first place, deportation adds to these and creates at least three additional reasons that make adjustment, integration, or reintegration difficult, if not impossible. These include the impossibility of repaying debts incurred by migration, the existence of transnational and local ties, the shame of failure, and the perceptions of ‘contamination’. We draw on a mixture of quantitative and qualitative data gathered in Europe and Afghanistan to argue that many deported Afghans attempt and succeed in re-migrating. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
19. Happiness and ‘economic migration’: A comparison of Eastern European migrants and stayers.
- Author
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Bartram, David
- Subjects
HAPPINESS ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,IMMIGRANTS ,ENDOGENEITY (Econometrics) ,WELL-being - Abstract
One might expect economic migrants to experience an increase in happiness after migration: life in wealthier countries might be better, particularly for migrants who succeed in improving their financial situation. From the perspective of ‘happiness studies', however, migration motivated by the prospect of economic gain is perhaps a misguided endeavor. In general, people do not gain happiness from an increase in their incomes, and migration as a means of gaining an increased income might not amount to an exception to that general pattern. This article explores happiness among migrants and stayers in a number of European countries, investigating individuals from eastern European countries who went to western Europe. Migrants generally appear to be happier than those who have remained in the countries of origin—but there is evidence that this difference is the result of a greater tendency towards migration among people with higher levels of happiness (thus not a matter of happiness increasing as a consequence of migration). In addition, there is significant variation by country: migrants from Russia, Turkey, and Romania are happier than stayers, but migrants from Poland are significantly less happy than stayers. Models that determine whether a correction for endogeneity is necessary suggest that those country-level differences represent increases and decreases (respectively) in happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Skilled German Migrants and Their Motives for Migration Within Europe.
- Author
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Verwiebe, Roland, Mau, Steffen, Seidel, Nana, and Kathmann, Till
- Subjects
EUROPEAN emigration & immigration ,GERMANS in foreign countries ,FOREIGN workers ,MIGRATION of Europeans ,JOB qualifications ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,POPULATION geography - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of International Migration & Integration is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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