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A facile approach for possible industrial production of long-persistent phosphorescence, continuing to emitting light for a long time period, smart cobbles were developed toward photoluminescent hard surfaces. The inorganic strontium aluminium oxide pigment doped with rare earth elements was added to a synthetic organic epoxy in the presence of polyamine as a hardener to make a phosphor-loaded viscous fluid that can then be hardened in a few minutes. The transparency of the solid cobbles can be accomplished easily using homogeneous dispersion of the phosphor in the epoxy resin fluid before the addition of a hardener to avoid pigment aggregation. This pigment-epoxy formula can be easily applied industrially onto flagstones surfaces under ambient conditions. The photoluminescent cobblestones demonstrated an optimum excitation wavelength at 366 nm and an emission band at 521 nm with a long-persistent phosphorescence cobble surface. The development of a translucent white colour under normal daylight, bright green under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, bright white colour after 30 sec in the dark, and phosphorescent green colour after 75 min in the dark was indicated using Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) Laboratory coloration measurements. The luminescent hard composite cobble exhibited a highly durable and reversible long-persistent phosphorescence light. Photoluminescence, morphological, and hardness properties as well as the elemental composition of the prepared cobbles were explored., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

CMC/Eu(III) nano-complexes were synthesized by reacting Eu(3+) with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The SEM and EDS showed that particle size was less than 100nm and evenly distributed. FTIR and XPS indicated that the oxygen atoms in COO (-), OH, and COC were involved in the complexation with Eu(3+), yet, the O atoms were involved in different positions on anhydroglucose rings depending on reaction time. It was found that there were good energy matches between energy levels on ground state of CMC and (5)D0 Eu(III). Moreover, the intensities of (5)D0→(7)F2 of the nano-complexes were stronger than that of (5)D0→(7)F1, which indicated that the Eu(III) was not in the center of symmetry. The optimized reaction time was 35min, at this reaction time the smallest particle size and uniform distribution was obtained, the coordination structure was advantageous for the energy absorption transfer and emission., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)