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This article addresses the issue of scaling of information systems (IS) in both theoretical and empirical terms. Scaling is an important issue in IS, especially in the contemporary context of globalization, as attempts are ongoing to expand IS in the same context as well as take it into other contexts. Theoretically, an information-infrastructure (II) perspective is drawn on to analyze the challenge of scaling, viewing it not merely as a technical problem, but as a socio-technical one involving a heterogeneous network constituted of technology, people, processes, and the institutional context. Empirically, scaling is analyzed based on experiences from an ongoing project to implement health information systems within the primary health care sector in India. The theoretically informed empirical analysis leads to some preliminary insights relating to the questions of what is being scaled and how it is being scaled. Some conclusions are drawn on theoretical and practical challenges related to scaling, and on implications for human-resource capacity development. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses Mikhail Bakhtin and Homi K. Bhabha’s notions of hybridity as an interpretive tool in a traditional market area situated to the north of the center of Calcutta called Barabazaar or the Great Bazaar. More specifically, I study the changing effects of colonialization and globalization on a small group of Marwari paper traders in an area at the southern end of Barabazaar called China Bazaar. Acknowledging the overlapping geographies, both indigenous and foreign, that were and are constantly negotiated in places such as Barabazaar, I define a concept of hybrid space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with the contemporary relevance of caste to agrarian capitalism and the relations of dependency and allegiance it fosters in a village of Andhra Pradesh. It deploys the method of village study to examine the two‐way interaction between agrarian class and caste relations and the emerging rural‐based informal nonfarm economy. It elaborates the continuation of relations of debt, dependency, and political allegiance fostered by landlordism despite significant diversification to nonfarm by landlords and labour and identifies the crucial role of land inequality and the working of ritual hierarchy in locking Dalit caste in land‐based relations of dependency. The paper highlights the importance of expanding the definition of landlordism as the use of social power for accumulation by embedding it in the motives and values generated by the Hindu social order. While the new wave of literature focuses attention on global capital and commodity chains to understand differentiation of rural population and ruralities, the paper emphasizes the persistent significance of landholding provincial capital in shaping class/caste relations and rural politics and argues for a course correction in thinking about the processes of globalization and new forms of labour control and stresses the continuing significance of the agrarian question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to capture the missing 'distance' puzzle in the globalization process driven by trade flows. It is widely recognized that the growing global economic integration process play a major role in the spatial restructuring of many countries at varying geographical scales. The paper illustrates a model of international trade flows that builds upon existing research on the geographies of global trade. Empirical results of the current study indicate that the basic and augmented gravity model provides a useful framework for understanding international trade. The evidence of map pattern in residuals across temporal scale is noted. The results further indicate the importance of distance in the Indian context. An identification of the patterns and determinants of India's international trade with 87 countries suggests that potentially important differences in regional demands and country specific factors may impact the trade interaction over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "A New Map of the World," by Ian Linden. Linden has already moved on since writing the book, and if the book has emphases and approaches in it that are not mine, the development the paper seems to show brings people into almost complete agreement. Linden now, for example, draws into the analysis the enormously significant cases of India and China, which together make up about 40% of the world's population. Nor does he now lay so much emphasis on the Asian collapses of 1978.

There appears to be a globally unifying discourse that suggests Muslim communities are not supportive of girls' education12. This paper aims to destabilize such a discourse by inserting the narratives of Muslim parents pursuing girls' education in Assam's Nagaon district. By paying attention to the concepts of bhal suwali (good girlhood) and bhal ghor (good family) articulated by parents in my study, this paper connects the performances of certain types of gender practices with the pursuit of class aspirations. It shows that good girlhood works as symbolic capital that helps Muslim parents to culturally authorize their daughters as legitimate actors in the field of education, while legitimizing themselves as good family. This paper draws attention to three practices of respectable femininity through which good girlhoods are enacted in the field of education, namely: negotiating poverty respectably, prioritizing gendered discipline, and merging career aspirations with marital prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a critique of perspectives that see the recent global rise of right-wing populism as a direct reaction to the disastrous effects of neoliberalism. By turning attention to the uneven development of capitalism and international competition, in this paper, I present a distinction between 'offensive' and 'defensive' types of right-wing populism that take place in different zones of the world economy. Through a comparative analysis of India and Turkey, this paper discusses the particularities of the rise of 'offensive' populists in emerging powers of the Global South in a period of economic growth. The comparative-historical framework employed in the paper allows us to understand how the world-hegemonic crisis empowered populists by providing opportunities for upward mobility for emerging powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culinary globalization in Indian cities has resulted in new patterns of food consumption and production. Aside from the increasing presence of global franchises such as Costa Coffee, McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken, local and foreign entrepreneurs have established restaurants that offer various national cuisines. In Delhi, for example, Japanese-themed restaurants cater to the city's growing appetite for new culinary experiences. So far our knowledge of culinary globalization in Indian cities has focused on consumption: How emerging gastronomic patterns relate to identity formations. The production of cuisines as part of the city's culinary globalization is rarely explored. In this paper, I focus on the role of Filipino 'sushi chefs' as cultural intermediaries who localize Japanese cuisine. This paper discusses their emergent practices of cultural mediation, namely adapting to local taste, peer mentoring and communicative labor. I argue that such practices of cultural mediation point to the social dynamics of cultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-industrial study of globalization has been studied from several perspectives and has been subject to a multi-disciplinary approach. There is, however, limited literature on the role played by globalization on diversity and inclusion. And thus, diversity and inclusion emerge as key themes this paper seeks to explore. At a time when the name 'George Floyd' has sparked a movement all around the globe and, farther away in India, a crime is committed against a 'lower-caste' Indian every 15 minutes, the actual and discursive importance of diversity and inclusion is boldly underscored. This paper begins by discussing the theoretical underpinnings of the conception of globalization and moves on to identifying the role of diversity and inclusion in theory. It then shifts its focus to the economistic perspective of globalization. The economistic perspective provides key insights on the Marxian notion of the antagonism between labour and capital by highlighting the repercussions of this 'antagonism' on labour market standards and inequalities. This paper indicates that these consequences do not have to make the case. It finally uses statistics from India (with particular emphasis on caste-based data) in comparison with statistics from the West to provide an analytical account of modern-day business paradigm. This is hardly a discursive analysis when one views it in light of business efforts to incorporate diversity and inclusion in governance and operations. The paper moves from a theoretical understanding of globalization to concrete conclusions that address the growing need for diversity and inclusion at all levels of corporate governance. This ensures that globalization creates a sustainable growth model for all countries. This is especially imperative at a time when nation-states have an increasingly diminishing role to play in global trade and division of labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the effects of globalisation on labour markets on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Due to the economic emergence of China and India in the international trade, the global supply of labour has increased in large size. Technological advances contributed to heightened income inequality and changed the nature of globalisation itself. In this paper, it is argued that these developments are best characterized as the intensification and broadening of process of globalisation rather than a fundamental change in the nature of globalisation. Nonetheless, China and India will have long-lasting effects on the labour markets of OECD countries, particularly on policies set out in the Restated OECD Job Strategy.

This paper unpacks the discursive work of global education philanthropies to shed light on how the work of educational actors inscribes and directs global forces, connections and imaginaries to specific local ends. We do so by analyzing the discursive work of two educational philanthropies – in the US and India – that are similar but also vary in ways related to their global reach and networks. Building on Appadurai's notions of -scapes we show the use of technocratic discourses in the construction and enablement of imagined educational futures of the socially disadvantaged. This paper speaks to theoretical concerns that often club broad concerns of globalization and neoliberalism in education and shows specific empirical openings that manifest as local choices and adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Wine tourism is spreading from the "old world" wine countries to Asia. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the GLOW framework capturing the tension of homogenization and globalization of touristic experiences, the tourists' rising environmental concerns and their conflict of searching for authentic experience with new sensations. Design/methodology/approach: In a mixed-method procedure, evidence describing the wine tourists' perceptions and motivations is assessed using a quantitative survey and fitting a structural equation model using the PLS algorithm. Complementing evidence through qualitative interviews with Indian entrepreneurs on designing a glocalized experience is analyzed. Findings: Spillover from international travel is the most relevant driver of wine tourism in India. However, types of wines and the experiences are adjusted to the local conditions. The winemakers are remarkably advanced in implementing environmentally sustainable production and avoiding over tourism which perfectly meets their clients' expectations. Research limitations/implications: Entrepreneurial creation theory as described by Alvarez and Barney (2007) is illustrated in the Asian glocalisation context giving special attention to the entrepreneur's individual capabilities as called by Helfat and Peteraf (2015) and Liñán et al. (2020). Practical implications: Conservation of biodiversity and the aesthetics of the local landscape are essential for the vividness of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the attractiveness for the guests. Social implications: Local adaptation of the touristic experience in terms of entertainment, indigenous cuisines and local specialty supports sustainable development of all the stakeholders. Originality/value: Novelty arises from the projection of the visitors considering the wine cellar experience as an alternative to international travels in combination with analyzing how the entrepreneurs create entrepreneurial opportunities by carving out an authentic experience for their guests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's economy is based on agriculture, which also contributes significantly to the country's domestic economy. The agriculture sector is nonetheless hampered by a number of problems that keep it from realising its full potential. In fact, for thousands of years, agriculture and related sectors have been essential to the socioeconomic development of the country. Agribusinesses are thought to provide about 30% of India's GDP, with the majority of the labour force working in the agriculture sector. Agribusinesses continue to have the ability to propel India's economy forward. There is currently an unprecedented level of interest in this industry as a consequence of the development of the scope and potential of agribusiness as a result of national policy changes, globalisation of commerce and agriculture. The Indian economy's steady growth is most likely being driven by the agriculture sector. India's industrial and service sectors have received accolades from nations all over the world, but the nation's agriculture sector, which has been crucial to the domestic economy, continues to face several challenges that are keeping it from realising its full potential. This paper highlights the breadth of agribusiness opportunities in the Indian context, which may also considerably benefit in its growth. Both potential development areas and problem areas must get attention if India's agricultural sector is to advance. The paper also highlights the important policy changes for the development of India's agri-business sector. The paper's objective is to build on the many initiatives that have been undertaken and the future requirements for the growth of the agribusiness sector as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to identify strategies used by companies during the recent global recession and to investigate the effectiveness of offensive and defensive strategies. It also investigates how these different types of strategies are sequenced.Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on cases from seven publicly listed Indian information technology (IT) and information technology-enabled services (ITESs) companies. This longitudinal study draws on 32 semi-structured interviews with top management. The data were triangulated using annual and quarterly reports, emails, organization profiles and customer satisfaction reports.Findings Offensive and defensive strategic responses were deployed concurrently, not sequentially. Offensive responses were crucial in turning around a firm. Identical strategies can yield different results in product and service companies.Research limitations/implications The findings of this paper should be generalized with care because of the sampling scope. Future studies should include quantitative research over different recession periods.Practical implications The paper provides insights for practitioners on how to respond to economic recession and prepare for recovery.Originality/value The paper enriches the corporate turnaround and business cycle management literature by analyzing the behavior of firms from India and from the high-tech industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hypermarket is a combined supermarket and department store that carries a large range of products. Since the opening of the first hypermarket in the US in the early 1930s, this concept has spread globally. Nowhere is this trend more visible than in India, now the world's most populous country with a middle class that will expectedly grow to 800 million in 2030. This paper coins the theory of hypermarketization to explain why and how the hypermarket as a globalized form signifies the full integration of liberalization, retail and middle-class consumer culture in emerging markets. The argument that hypermarketization marks the point when successful economies in the Global South mature and then qualify as emerging markets is based on empirical material from fieldwork on vegetarianism and meat in hypermarkets and among middle-class groups in South India, namely participant observation and interviewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the ways in which psychoanalytic perspectives may have been limited by the Western cultural context in which they originated and explores the potential of the Indian cultural imagination to broaden psychoanalytic thinking about ego formation, the nature of Eros, bisexuality, and individuation. The case is made for the need to retain the diverse perspectives offered by the cultural imaginations of different civilisations despite the globalization of ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the paper is to examine the asymmetric relationships between ICT, globalization, and human development in India by analysing the annual data from 1991 to 2019 through the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The result shows that positive (negative) change in globalization leads to a decline (increase) in human development in the long run. Further, a positive change in mobile density increases human development in the long run. A decline in internet density has a negative impact on human development in the long run. In the short run, a positive shock in globalization with one lag has a positive impact on human development. Moreover, a previous year positive shock in internet density has a positive effect on human development while the previous 2 years positive shock in internet density has a negative effect on human development in the short run. A negative shock in internet density with lag one has a negative effect on human development while with lag two it has a positive effect on human development. It is also found that the global financial crisis of 2008 has a negative impact on human development. Thus, it is suggested that India has to promote both globalization and ICT judiciously and consciously in order to improve human development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Over long periods of time a variation is noticed in the factors determining Indian automobile industry growth. However, some of these factors are persistent over time. The paper attempts to identify these persistent factors determining the growth of the Indian automobile industry and then examine the impact of globalisation, as an economic shock, on the Indian automobile industry in light of these determining factors. The paper finds that profitability is a major driver of automobile industry growth in India, along with labour productivity and capital intensity. It also uses a structural break analysis to show that globalization had a considerable positive contribution in increasing the pace of growth in the Indian automobile industry for a period of 20 years. Globalization facilitated better returns from the industry's profits and opened up more avenues to explore growth for two decades and helped the industry gather the required momentum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has interaction on each and every connection of life, people. Higher education is not an exception from these transformations. Effects of globalization on higher educational institutions (HEIs) include student mobility, faculty exchange, research, rankings, academic collaborations, diverse cohorts and international enrolments. Globalization also brought isomorphic pressures on HEIs to become equivalent and comparable. This paper discusses isomorphism which leads to Indian universities becoming more homogenous and thus consequently loosing autonomy and in turn individual identity. Secondly, it discusses the constraints on academic autonomy of new HEIs due to peer pressure isomorphism. with their academic autonomy. This report is based on university affiliated HEIs which opted autonomous status under the new schemes and policies. In this report two case studies, Government College of Engineering, Pune and MIT Academy of Engineering, Pune, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to revisit theories of internationalization and explore their export commencement processes from emerging market lenses. The paper combines the two important concepts, the pre‐export phase and lateral rigidity to deliberate the internationalization phenomenon of SMEs. The paper draws on extant literature on the SME internationalization process and applies qualitative methods to provide deep insights into the pre‐export phase. The study uses four longitudinal context‐based case studies based at India for generalization. The conceptualization and findings show that SMEs in emerging markets require processes and innovations from a strategic and planning perspective. Emerging market SMEs require a combination of resource‐building in the pre‐export phase and the right stimuli to overcome lateral rigidity to start internationalization. This paper addresses the phase before internationalization and the concept of lateral rigidity to provide a holistic view of SME internationalization from the emerging country's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the newly created, and in terms of coverage and detail, the most complete household income data from more than 130 countries, the paper analyzes the changes in the global income distribution between 2008 and 2013. This was the period of the global financial crisis and recovery. It is shown that global inequality continued to decline, largely due to China's and India's high growth rates that explain about two‐thirds of the global Gini decrease between 2008 and 2013. Income growth of the global top 1 percent slowed significantly. The slowdown is present even after survey data are corrected for the likely underestimation of highest incomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper is in the area of international business and international trade. Specifically, this paper aims to focus on cross-border trade flows of goods and services between India and its partner nations. Design/methodology/approach: Using the Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic (CAGE) distance framework (Ghemawat, 2001), this paper provides empirical support for the impact these distance factors exert on the volume of trade in goods and services between countries. The sample used for empirical analysis consists of a set of 62 OECD countries which are involved in trade in goods and services with India over the period 2005 through 2015. This paper estimates a fixed-effects model to provide a comprehensive examination of all the distance factors impacting the bilateral cross-border trade flows of India. Findings: The empirical findings in this paper show that different dimensions of the CAGE distances have varied influence on volume of trade flows between India and its trading partners. Also, the extent of this influence is guided by the nature of industries – manufacturing or services. Originality/value: Departing from the common practice in the literature, using the trade flow data for both Indian manufacturing and service sectors separately, this paper examines to what extent is the impact of these distance factors industry driven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Financial internationalization is of particular importance to emerging country firms. Its significance arises from the impact of institutional void and related agency problems (common to emerging markets) on the internationalization path of these firms. Building on concepts from international finance, agency theory and institutional theory, this paper aims to examine the main aspects of financial internationalization by emerging country multinationals, namely, cross-listing, foreign ownership and foreign independent directors. Design/methodology/approach: This paper follows a multiple case study approach which is a good fit for the exploratory nature of this research. The interest is to examine the context-driven financial internationalization of each case firm and replicate the firm-level information to find a common strategy. Findings: The findings suggest that financial internationalization by emerging country multinationals starts mainly as these firms plan to enter advanced country markets. It is a dynamic process that entails interaction between financial internationalization and real internationalization, as well as among different aspects of financial internationalization. Cross-listing comprises the first stage of the process. Then, foreign ownership, particularly foreign institutional investments, would increase gradually in response to advances in financial and factor markets. Recruiting foreign independent directors seems to be adopted last, possibly out of fear of losing control of strategic decisions. Originality/value: This paper presents a unique perspective that delineates different stages of the process of financial internationalization by emerging country multinationals. This complements the efforts to explain the distinct path of internationalization followed by these firms and supplements scarce literature by including emerging multinationals from India where the matter has not yet attracted proper attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A global goal for early childhood education and care is to ensure universal, "quality" provision that reaches all children. Achieving this goal requires a well-prepared workforce that is equipped to adapt to and deliver early childhood programs across the vastly diverse contexts and communities where children are growing up around the world. Yet currently there is a severe shortage of early childhood workers, particularly in "low resource" and complex communities. Evidence to support appropriate training for such workers is also lacking. In response, this paper presents findings from a case study of a large-scale training program for community-based early childhood workers in central-east India. A total of 650 community-based Village Communicators were trained to deliver a responsive caregiving package to parents of young children. Data collected over 3 months highlight how the unique contextually grounded, caring and reflexive approach to training resulted in profound personal and professional change among training participants. The findings are of significance in informing policy and practice associated with global goals for early childhood. First, they challenge the technical, programmatic approaches to training that are commonly adopted for preparing this workforce. Second, they evidence the potentially transformative, long-term impact of person-centered approaches to training that facilitate knowledge-sharing to understand local needs and attitudes. Third, they provide insight into ways in which training programs can support enhanced local relevance and effectiveness of early childhood services implemented for children and families across diverse contexts. Highlights: Caring, consultative approaches to training support transformative changes in knowledge and practice among community-based early childhood workers. Community-based workers comprise a crucial yet under-researched workforce globally. Active contribution to adapting early childhood interventions for greater local relevance empowers community-based workers as well as enhancing program content. Training for community-based workers in early childhood needs to shift away from overly programmatic, technical approaches. Meeting global goals for early childhood development requires localized responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between globalization and economic growth is getting complex as the propagators of globalization are opting protectionism. The paper attempts to identify the time-varying dimension of globalization in India from Q2 1996 to Q3 2019. The aim is to capture the portion of growth explained by domestic and foreign factors suggesting the pace of globalization. The factor-induced domestic and foreign loadings are used in Time-Varying Parameter Regression and Time-Varying Parameter Autoregressive approach to indicate the evidence for slowbalization in India. The models combined with stochastic volatility, aid in capturing the structural changes in the economy in a robust manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This series of papers on Globalization, Institutional Change, and Politics of reforms in India highlights some of the key characteristics of institutional change and globalization in India. This special issue points in the direction of three important conjectures on globalization and change by bringing together a few key aspects of the process of institutional change and engagement with the global in India. First, India's liberal democracy has embraced globalization and globally influenced institutional change in an embedded liberal way. Second, this is a saga of gradual and largely endogenous change. India is deeply affected by the demonstration effect of global best practices but builds rather more after its own internal consensus. Finally, even though India is not a classic developmental state, the state is an important factor in promoting change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines the effect of economic globalization on India's aggregate export performance during the period from 1995:M1 to 2016:M12. We use various macroeconomic variables such as export, relative price, nominal effective exchange rate (NEER), GDP per capita, and economic globalization. We employ Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to find out the long‐run equilibrium relationship among the variables considered. The empirical results indicate that there exists a long‐run equilibrium relationship between export, relative price, NEER, GDP per capita and economic globalization. Further, in the long run, we find that India's export performance is influenced by economic globalization, GDP per capita and relative price. However, in the short run, export performance is influenced by economic globalization, relative price, NEER and GDP per capita. In the short run, 1% increase in economic globalization will lead to increase in the volume of export by 0.77%; whereas, in the long run, it is 3.40%. Hence, sustainability of export in the long run is a matter of concern for policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While decoding the journey of the last Seventy-five years as a sovereign, independent nation, the foreign policy of India offers interesting paradigm shifts in focus and tectonic change in strategy, for academic inquiry, intellectual debate and strategic thought. Situating India in the larger discourse of contemporary foreign policy choices and challenges reveals a trajectory of gradual evolution from a nascent post-colonial state, embracing liberal pluralism to an emerging global power pursuing proactive policies based on pragmatic realism in the twenty -first century. At the stroke of the midnight hour on the eve of independence, India as a newly independent state had articulated the Nehruvian idealist vision based on transformative ideas to shape the post-war world order. But gradually it veered towards a more pragmatic approach to confront a world increasingly shaped by realism. The present paper strives to analyze the dynamic character of the international and domestic milieu that shaped India's foreign policy after independence. It further delves into critically examining the objectives and principles of India's foreign policy, which determined the transformative assertion of an emerging power in the global arena in the present century. The paper aims at presenting a nuanced interpretation of various political, ideological, and strategic rationales ofIndia's foreign policy by contextualizing it in the backdrop of its post-colonial predicaments and the contemporary geopolitical and geo-economic challenges in an increasingly globalizing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the political economy of three significant policy decisions of the Congress-United Progressive Alliance government between November 2005 and February 2006. These decisions improved the regulatory incentives for the smaller and efficient firms in the Indian GSM industry, which were heavily dependent on foreign investment for their expansion. India's telecommunications sector became more attractive to foreign investors as a result of these regulatory changes. This was a notable departure from the past when government policy had favoured large domestic investors using CDMA technology who were not dependent on foreign capital. A globalisation friendly policy change occurred after a Centre-Left United Progressive Alliance coalition came to power. The paper argues that these decisions, which promoted both competition and foreign investment, occurred due to the increased sensitivity of the Department of Telecommunications towards the needs of the relatively smaller GSM service providers, driven by considerations of efficiency. They were not driven by a crisis of private investment, foreign pressure, or stealth. The shift occurred in normal times when the Department of Telecommunications under a persistent ministerial stewardship took on a regulator, which was less interested in engineering this shift. This globalisation-friendly strategy depended to a large extent on the particular industrial sub-sector that the ruling party or coalition supported for spreading telecommunications in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will review the mini-symposium on globalization conducted in New Delhi, India by the Alumni Association of Lancaster University Management School on January 17, 2004. The symposium was led by John Dunning, Emeritus Professor of International Business at the University of Reading, and the State ofNewJersey Professor of International Business at Rutgers University. This symposium arose from the publication of a collection of essays edited by Professor Dunning, entitled, “Making Globalization Good.”1 The primary aim of this symposium was to bring together a grouping of academics, politicians, business leaders, and religious leaders to discuss the moral issues posed by globalization. The symposium participants attempted to answer the question if a global ethic could be established, and if so, under what principles would it function. Prior to discussing the results of the symposium, differing views concerning globalization, and the management of the international economy, will be discussed. There will also be a brief discussion of the prior contributions by Professor Dunning to the field of international business. Then the results of the symposium will be discussed. The paper will conclude with recommendations for further research in this important area. I am grateful for the symposium notes compiled by Professor V.N. Balasubramanyam of Lancaster University Management School, which were utilized in part for this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this current era of globalization most of the destinations across the globe have started to look like the mirror images of one another. Destinations visited by tourists are very easily interchangeable as tourists always seek novelty. Creative tourism brings out the uniqueness of a destination by focusing on its quaint culture and heritage and stressing on co-creation of tourism products and services. This form of tourism provides a very deep and engaging experience to the guests. Local community is the most important stake holder in this form of tourism as the whole concept of creative tourism revolves around them. Keeping in view the rich cultural diversity of the Himachal Pradesh, a hill state of India, the paper has attempted to find out the present status of creative tourism in Himachal and to what extent it has been practiced and promoted among tourists visiting the State. Through this paper an attempt has been made to gauge the awareness level of tourists about creative tourism in Himachal and also to evaluate their willingness to participate in this form of tourism. It has been deduced from the survey of tourists that majority of the tourists would be very keen to participate in this form of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper attempts to study the effective role of total shipping performance in overall growth of the overseas traffic performance at major ports of India during the period 1999-2000 to 2008-09, against the backdrop of liberalisation and globalisation of Indian economy, thus focusing on how far the growth of the total shipping performance is responsive to growth of overseas cargo traffic performance at these ports, in compliance with the policy measures. So, this paper ends up with the scenario of both the actual and expected performances, focusing on the strengthening of effective policy planning, drawing attention to the roles of various policy practitioners in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years there has been a growing interest observed in investigations associated with global university ranking. Reaching out to students' perception of university ranking has become a key factor affecting admission strategies. This paper studies factors of importance and interests for University students in India. In addition to faculty profile, research, placement records, and infrastructure; internship opportunities provided by the university during the program, types and number of International collaboration and opportunities, infrastructure facilities and support for higher education offered by the university are new emerging decision criteria. The present paper is based on a study conducted on a group of university students in India. Total 256 students recently registered in the university participated in this study via survey method. Single-cross sectional convenience sampling is taken using descriptive research design and quantitative research approach is applied. Findings of the paper examine the factors of importance to students in the process of decision making for admission. The results of this study will be of interest to students, academics, university administrators, and government officials from around the world. Researchers through this study have tried to uncover the choice and preferences of college students which influences their decision making while selecting Universities for higher studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the association between chairperson hubris and the internationalization of firms belonging to business groups in an emerging market, India, under the boundary conditions of business group internationalization and the tenure of independent board members. Design/methodology/approach: Archival data of 163 Indian family firms over a five-year period were used. Findings: The study highlights the significance of chairperson hubris in determining the internationalization of family firms in India and the influence that business group internationalization and the tenure of independent board members have on the chairperson hubris and firm internationalization relationships. Originality/value: Although literature exists on drivers of internationalization, micro-foundations theories such as chairperson hubris have been less explored in the international business literature, especially in the context of emerging markets. Contribution to Impact: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The growth of global e-commerce presents significant opportunities for global expansion. Yet it has not leveled the playing field between emerging markets e-commerce corporations (EM-ECCs) and advanced markets ECCs (AM-ECCs). While AM-ECCs have been expanding overseas with considerable success, EM-ECCs have been less disposed to internationalize and have been content to serve and defend their home turfs against foreign rivals who wield monopolistic advantages. Leveraging the network, ownership, location and internalization (N-OLI) theoretical framework, this paper aims to examine the variables affecting the internationalization of AM-ECCs and EM-ECCs. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopted an exploratory research method using multiple corporate cases to focus on understanding the dynamics present within single settings, capture corporate context and allow comparison between cases. Findings: The findings suggest that AM-ECCs, in comparison to EM-ECCs, are endowed with favorable and strong network-based advantages, ownership-based advantages, location-based and internalization-based advantages that make them more capable of pursuing internationalization aggressively. However, EM-ECCs are induced to pursue regionally-focused internationalization due, on the one hand, to capital scarcity, weaknesses on network-based and internalization-based advantages and, on the other hand, to geographical strength and strong location-based advantages emanating from knowledge of the home region. Originality/value: This paper identifies the internationalization challenges that EM-ECCs face with respect to AM-ECCs. While extending the theoretical discussion of the N-OLI framework in light of EM-ECCs, this paper also extends the EM-ECC strategies within local and regional markets, including emerging markets such as India and the Middle East. This extension supports the assertion that regional focused strategies are not immune to technological advantages which support the notion of a regional strategic growth strategy because of localization advantages and capital leverage limitations. Finally, the paper expands the analysis to some emerging markets that have attracted less attention in the literature, namely, India and the Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1993, India adopted the neoliberal World Bank model for the electricity sector, which endeavoured to privatise the state owned sector. The move to privatise was prompted by sectoral losses owing to politicisation of provision and inefficient management of the state owned utility. This transition from a 'welfare state' to a 'regulatory state' was sought to be achieved through legislative enactment. By tracing the province of Andhra Pradesh's implementation of the reform legislation, the paper evolves an alternate narrative of the reform process, as opposed the World Bank's narrative of legislative enactment signalling the reception of its regulatory model. It argues that focussing on resistance to reform and actual 'reception' as opposed to formal enactment will counter the assumption of triumph of the neo-liberal worldview of the role of the state in economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the shifting nature of governance reforms, both at global and national levels, in the increasingly commercialised game of cricket. The authors explore the inter-relationship and linkages between governance and commercialism, and in the process, question the contemporary reliance placed on governance as a generic counter-commercialist force and accountability aid. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on a comprehensive analysis of cricketing archives, newspapers and online media. The authors specifically utilise a range of review reports, governance and accounting information from annual reports and websites of the International Cricket Council (ICC) as well as different national cricket governing bodies (NCBs). Findings: The paper vividly demonstrates the importance of recognising the specific significance of different cultural traditions and modes of organising – and not presuming a particular form of impact. The findings highlight that the adoption of a dominant market logic by cricket administrators has resulted in a shift in the balance of power in favour of non-western nations. India has emerged as the clear leader and driving force shaping the way cricket is globally governed. The consequences have been profound but not in terms of delivering, enhanced standards of transparency and accountability. Drawing on institutional theory, the paper argues that the scale of the Board of Cricket Control of India's financial and operational control over the ICC has not only led to an increasingly commercialised game but engendered divergent and highly questionable standards of governance at the level of NCBs. Originality/value: Unlike other global games, cricket has an imperialistic root, and has gone through the process of globalisation in relatively recent times. Also, the commercialisation of cricket has resulted in the global economic and power base shifting from the West to the East, giving us the opportunity to study the dynamics between commercialisation and governance in a quite different globalisation context that allows an assessment to be made of the culturally contingent nature of governance as a substantive organising force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper analyses the role of home-host country alliances in reducing transaction costs in the internationalisation process. We test hypotheses about the role of country-level alliances and firm internationalisation with comprehensive longitudinal multi-industry data on 623 acquisitions made by Indian multinational enterprises (MNEs) between 2000 and 2007 on a panel of 65 host countries. The results show that country alliances reduce the transaction costs arising from the distance between home-host countries, thereby positively influencing the internationalisation of Indian MNEs. However, the extent of that influence depends upon the nature of the alliance. Our findings have significant implications for public policy and theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the emerging patterns and economic implications of Indian overseas direct investment (ODI) from a historical perspective. The novelty of the analysis lies in its specific focus on the implications of the liberalization reforms initiated in the early 1990s and the resultant changes in the overall investment climate for the internationalisation of domestic companies. The findings cast doubts on the popular perception that the recent surge in ODI from India is an unmixed economic blessing, a sign of "coming of age" of Indian companies in global business. Given the remaining distortion in the domestic investment climate, the net national gains from these investments could be much less than what the reported absolute numbers suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the influence of firm rivalry within an industry on the internationalization of new ventures in an emerging economy. Drawing on industrial organization and institutional theories, it was hypothesized that the influence of industry concentration (an index of firm rivalry) on new venture internationalization changes with the deepening of economic liberalization processes. An analysis of new ventures from 67 Indian industries from 1996 to 2014 suggests that the relation between industry concentration and new venture internationalization shifts gradually from a U-shaped relation to an inverted U-shaped relation during this time period. Implications for the generalizability of research in an emerging economy across time are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Education Policy 2020 is notified with an objective to place India as 'knowledge superpower' on the map of the global education providers. The new policy is overhauling the entire Indian education system which includes the primary, middle, high school and higher education. The embedded target of the policy is to make the Indian education competitive with the international education and attract foreign students and impart high quality education on par with the international institutions. Though India has taken some strategic initiatives and education policies pronounced earlier have paved way for qualitative education and liberal approach to the education sector, they have not accomplished the desired results. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has facilitated and opened the education markets for the global players, and the institutions with quality products and services will only survive in the stiff competition. The new education policy has opened discussions and a road map for internationalization of education in India as part of compliance of GATS provisions. This paper provides discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the internationalization of higher education and facilitating the educational institutions towards achieving the goals of the education policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outsourcing is a business strategy to cut costs by relocating jobs from high-cost countries, like the USA, to low-cost ones, like India. The practice involves moving the jobs and transferring knowledge, technologies, and capabilities. Outsourcing has been growing in scale and scope in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) occupations, and it has implications for the current and future demand of STEM workers. Some jobs will be rendered obsolete as they migrate to low-cost locations, while others, which are complementary to outsourcing, will see demand increases. The paper reviews the theories about which jobs will be vulnerable to outsourcing and the empirical data. It describes the political and policy discussion about STEM outsourcing and how it has been coupled with the STEM workforce shortage debate. Lastly, it explores the implications for STEM educators, workers, and students. Many STEM jobs have already been outsourced and many more are vulnerable. STEM educators, workers, and students can take practical steps to adapt to outsourcing. STEM educators can modify curricula towards skill and knowledge areas less vulnerable to outsourcing and provide tools to students to become better stewards of their own careers. Workers can better steer their careers by closely tracking outsourcing trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: India has the distinction of developing one of the world's longest continuing cultures, which has continuously adapted to the evolving political and socio-economic material and unique events of its history. It is often presumed that, by an unquestionable lack of work or elevated jobs, women will bear the cost of economic liberalization. but the theory of trade shows that women, particularly in emerging economies can contribute a lot due to trade liberalization and increase in foreign trade, women have proven to be a remarkable cohesive unit of the community, which in the stage of rapid societal changes has demonstrated great resilience and adaptability. Design/ methodology/ approach: This research is qualitative in nature and based on both primary and secondary data both. Research objective and implications: The research's primary emphasis is to explore the impact of globalization in raising the socio-economic status of women and to highlight the positive as well as the negative impact of globalization on women's livelihood. This paper will be helpful for various policymakers, researchers, government bodies, and various stakeholders of the society to know the contribution of microfinance in rebooting the Indian economy by poverty alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the entry of Indian information and communication technology–information technology-enabled services (ICT-ITES) companies on the Dutch service outsourcing market. Using this case study, the paper integrates two academic debates: the rise of emerging country-based multinationals and the international dynamics in the ICT-ITES sector. Indian ICT-ITES firms can no longer only rely on cheap labour in their home country and need to build global delivery capacity in order effectively to compete with Western ICT-ITES multinationals. By examining their entry strategy in the Dutch service outsourcing market, this paper highlights the difficulties of latecomer multinationals in entering the more profitable domains of the ICTITES market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation can be summarised as opening-up of markets, leading to transfer of capital, technology and people. However, another important dimension of globalisation is multilateralism. The international economic reforms encourage multilateralism leads allocative efficiency. Multilateralism implies importing capital from a variety of sources as may be most efficient. India's FDI policy is in alignment with global FDI. In 1991, India had receiving FDI from 86 investing countries, which reached to 137 investing countries in 2013. This indicates global attractiveness and preferred investment destination. The paper examines FDI investing pattern of source countries in India. The period of study is 1991- 2013. The paper applies a set of new indices like Index of Rank Dominance (IRD) and Bodenhorn's measure of Mobility and Turnover. The most dominant country is USA. The RIRD (Relative Index of Rank Dominance) are top heavy. The first five countries are investing more than 60 percent FDI in India. Asian Tiger countries invested around 11 percent and BRICS countries have insignificant FDI in India. The competitive pattern of FDI has been declined among three different grouping countries. The global FDI in India has been declined 8 percent per annum in spite of favoured investment destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's era most of the banking happens when you are sipping tea or taking a call. ATMs are situated at the doorstep. Services of bank are available at 24x7. There is more plastic money in the wallet than physical notes. A big part of the change is because of the use of Information Technology. Currently, banks operate in a highly globalized, privatized and liberalized environment with tough competition. In order to exists in this tough environment banks have to use Information Technology. Banking industry in India has witnessed of enormous developments because of sweeping changes that are taking place in the IT. E-banking has developed from such an creative environment. The aim of this paper is to study the growth made by banking industry in India through the adoption of technology. The paper also emphasizes the problems faced by banks in India adoption of technology and suggestions are made to overcome these problems. The paper states that in upcoming years, e-banking will not only be allowable medium of banking but also will be desirable medium of banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of globalization, English has emerged as a global language. Though there is some chance of increase of employability through learning English in India or other than India, this increase of employability and opportunity to the speakers of English should not be there at the cost of local languages and native cultures. English should not pose much stress and strain on the part of learners especially the rural learners. This paper attempts to present the inadequacies of teaching English in India in general, and focuses the inadequacies of English teaching in local or native medium schools and increase of gap in learning English in English medium schools and local medium schools and its impact on local languages and cultures in particular and also offers possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is motivated by research-based assertions that: the causes of economic growth in countries like India are not well understood; they are not elucidated by using simple bivariate relationships between economic growth and other variables, taken one at a time; and dynamic linkages between growth, trade openness and financial sector depth are required for any comprehensive treatment of this inquiry. Design/methodology/approach – This paper investigates the pivotal role of financial depth (defined as the relative importance in the economy of the banking sector or the stock market) and whether it bears any evidential relationship to trade openness and economic growth during the era of Indian post-globalization since 1990. Two key objectives are to uncover whether there is a long-run relationship between the variables and whether they can be said to cause one another. Autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedures and vector autoregressive error correction model (VECM) approaches were used to derive the results. Findings – This paper affirms that the variables are indeed formally cointegrated. It was also found that trade openness, economic growth and financial sector depth Granger-cause each other. Practical implications – This paper demonstrates that greater trade openness can predictably accelerate India’s economic growth. If policymakers wish to maintain sustainable economic growth in India, they can do so by encouraging both freer trade and financial market development in the long run. Originality/value – No investigation of this type and sophistication has hitherto been performed for India. The methods developed for this study can also be applied to any of the vast range of countries for which dynamic growth-openness-financial depth interactions have not already been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]