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In 1926, the Empire Marketing Board (EMB) was established to foster empire trade without the use of tariffs. It was to simulate imperial preference by redirecting consumer choice away from ‘foreign’ goods and towards the produce of ‘home and empire’. Using newspapers, pamphlets, film, exhibitions and poster displays, the EMB aimed to ‘bring the empire alive’ to British consumers. This paper analyses the presentation of three settler dominions—Australia, New Zealand and Canada—in the EMB's advertising campaigns. The EMB's large visual archive has been the subject of only limited study, most of which has focused on a homogeneous reading of empire. This article argues that the work of the EMB reveals the presence of a separate discourse of empire—a ‘dominion discourse’—that has not been recognised in cultural histories of empire, which, with the recent exception of ‘British world’ studies, have been more interested in mapping and conceptualising the formation of identities in other colonial settings. The ‘dominion discourse’ emphasised the familiar, white and ‘British’ nature of the former colonies of settlement, attributes that are clearly displayed in the campaigns of the EMB, but can also be found in settler culture much more widely. In doing so, the white dominions stressed not only their difference from the dependent colonies, but their similarity to Britain. Though the inter-war period is often associated with the rise of distinctive national identities and the loosening of imperial bonds, the production of these attributes in an imperial and metropolitan context draws attention to both the transnational nature of identity formation and the continuing importance of Britain and empire in the construction of settler culture in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Surprisingly little theoretical or empirical research is available on Auckland's actual functional and geographic connectivity, including developments relating to closer economic relations with Australia. This paper draws on the geography of accumulation literatures to argue that close attention must be given to developments in the three circuits of capital (trade, production and finance) if the changing character and contributions of globalising firm networks are to be discerned and understood. The empirical investigations show that for Australian owned firms globalising rather than purely Australasian networks are the norm, network complexity is considerable and that it makes sense to think of Auckland's economy in globalising terms. A globalising networks perspective means that estimates of the magnitude and assessments of the character of employment contributions of Australian owned firms to the Auckland economy reflects these interdependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pacific Islands Forum, the regional organization comprising 14 Pacific Island countries (PICs), Australia and New Zealand is committed to strengthen regional cooperation and integration. This paper examines progress in real and financial integration in the region. Utilizing the methodology based on international parity conditions: purchasing power parity and uncovered interest parity, the study concludes that while PICs’ integration amongst themselves and with Australia and New Zealand, is relatively advanced with respect to goods and services, the financial market integration remains incomplete. The policy implication is impact of further liberalization is likely to be substantial on financial markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper examines the very long-running trade dispute between Australia and New Zealand concerning a ban on the importation of apples on the basis of fire blight disease present in New Zealand. This particular example illustrates the more general case of the frequent conflict between science and politics in regard to technical trade barriers. This same issue of fire blight disease in apples became the subject of a protracted World Trade Organization dispute between the USA and Japan, with New Zealand a third party to the USA, and Australia a third party to Japan. The World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body, and subsequently the World Trade Organization Appellate Body, ruled in favour of the USA (and thus New Zealand) on this issue. Despite this ruling, Australia has continued its ban on New Zealand apples and the issue has become highly politicized in Australia. • This case highlights the need for World Trade Organization rules to be changed to ensure that its rulings become binding on third parties and other World Trade Organization members. This would ensure that once an issue is decided through the full World Trade Organization conflict resolution process, the principles established should become generally applicable to other instances of the same scientific issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the comparative politics literature there are two main approaches to the impact of international economic change on national policy patterns. The first — new institutionalism — has been very influential in comparative industrial relations scholarship. The second, which focuses on the role of interests, has been less prominent. Comparing industrial relations reform in Australia and New Zealand during the 1980s and 1990s, this paper argues that there are a number of limitations to an institutionalist approach and outlines a framework for the comparative study of the impact of international economic change on national patterns of industrial relations which integrates both institutionalist and interest-based approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper notes the emergence of the Single Aviation Market for Australia and New Zealand and considers issues relating to future external relationships facing both countries and their airlines as they move to harmonise their international aviation policies and border controls. In the Asia Pacific region, there is a range of views regarding the shape and pace of liberalisation of bilateral air service agreements. Will other countries follow the Australia-New Zealand move? Will the Australia-New Zealand agreement be widened to include others? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the legal elements of the Trans-Tasman relationship between New Zealand and Australia. Topics include federalism, Australia's dominance over New Zealand in world affairs, and the interrelationship between the two countries. Information is provided on the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Trade Relations Agreement of 1983.

An apparent lack of similar cases has shaped how observers compare integration in Europe with other regions. The growing field of comparative regionalism, however, has overlooked three decades of sustained economic integration between Australia and New Zealand. This article introduces trans-Tasman integration as a new empirical case of regional economic integration. It compares 'trans-Tasman' integration with European experience with reference to deepening economic integration and supranational institutional arrangements, and explores similarities and differences with other regional arrangements. Adding this second case of 'deep' integration to the comparative field enhances the understanding of regional integration in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the early post-war era, a Japanese revival was a source of profound concern to members of the Commonwealth, especially Australia and New Zealand. Britain, having abdicated the leading role in the Western Pacific to the United States, attempted to retain some influence in the region, but economic frailties and lack of Commonwealth unity undermined these efforts. Under American guidance, diplomatic, commercial and (to a lesser extent) security ties with Japan were later promoted, but elements of cooperation and competition persisted in Commonwealth relations with their former enemy. Ultimately, Britain, Australia and New Zealand placed their respective regional identities ahead of their Commonwealth loyalties. Japan took advantage of this situation to promote its own national interests. Hence, the wider aperture of the 'Commonwealth lens' throws into sharp relief the contours of a number of members' bilateral relationships with Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the economic relations between New Zealand and Australia, known as the Trans-Tasman Federation. Topics include the Australia/New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement, the history of jurisdictional divisions within the Trans-Tasman Federation in criminal cases and legal disputes, and the New Zealand Securities Act of 1978.

The article focuses on the interrelationship between New Zealand, Australia, and Asia in 2010. Topics include the Trans-Tasman Federation between New Zealand and Australia, the economic relationship between Australia, New Zealand, and Asia, known as Australasia, and if the economic relationship in the region could lead to an Australasian Federation.

Using 33 years of data this article considers linkages between New Zealand, Australia and various other Pacific-Basin equity markets. Using time-varying parameter modelling techniques we show that the New Zealand stock market returns have become increasingly sensitive to perturbations in the Australian market relative to those in other Pacific-Basin markets. This has implications for a stock market merger between these two countries as well as a possible monetary union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the economic and cultural relationship between Australia and New Zealand. Overview of the conflict over the treatment of New Zealand television programs under Australian content requirements; Details of a free trade agreement entered into by Australia with the U.S. in 2004; Impact of the agreement on the relationship between the countries.

Research on the economics and sociology of business networks also sheds light on the development of networks of countries. The British Commonwealth was an important global network, or group of networks, in the mid-twentieth century. Commonwealth members, including Australia and New Zealand, cooperated in the management of the Sterling Area and the Commonwealth Preference Area. Yet Commonwealth members also had links to other networks and other sources of influence including the USA, continental Europe and Japan. During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a gradual change in the network relations of Australia and New Zealand, involving a diminution in the importance of bilateral ties with Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the reactions of three older dominions to the European Economic Community membership negotiations in 1961-1963. Threat posed by Macmillan's Common Market to the economic well-being of New Zealand; Importance of British custom to Australian wheat exporters; Differences between export situations of Canada and New Zealand; Imposition of reverse preferences on Commonwealth imports.

This Study considers whether the slope of the yield curve for New Zealand contains useful economic information. In order to provide some perspective, the present study also contrasts the New Zealand experience with evidence based on US and Australian data. The principal findings of this study are as follows: (1) At short horizons, typically 2 years or less, the term structure for New Zealand behaves as in the expectations hypothesis of the term structure. (2) Nevertheless, there are departures from the expectations hypothesis, especially in the period when inflation objectives in New Zealand were on a declining path. Moreover, the policies of the US had a critically important impact around 1993-1994. (3) Some evidence was found of an effect from the spread to future inflation but only when the headline CPI is used to measure inflation; the links disappear entirely once CPI ex-credit costs are employed. The study argues that such results are consistent with a credible inflation targeting regime, so that the term structure serves possibly to signal changes in real interest rates rather than inflation in New Zealand. (4) There is good evidence that the spread helps predict future output in New Zealand, although the effect seems to dissipate after 1 year. Once we distinguish between periods of positive versus negative growth rates in real gross domestic product (GDP), the spread influences output up to 2 years into the future. Also, when output growth is measured asymmetrically, rising inflation expectations depress output growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the economic relations agreement between Australia and New Zealand in 1983. Signing of the New Zealand-Australia Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (CER) in 1983; Objectives of the CER; Provisions of the agreement, such as tariffs and restrictions; Impact of the CER on trade; Investment and industry rationalization under CER; Effects of CER.

Australia and New Zealand have always been close, and the adoption of the Closer Economic Relations Agreement has brought them closer. In the context of public debate in Australia about constitutional reform it is appropriate to discuss the possibility of political union between the two countries. This article looks at some of the processes and politics involved with five scenarios under which union might or might not take place. They are: New Zealand as one or more Australian states; the Canadian model; an Australasian Parliament like the European Parliament; the abolition of the Australian states; and the secession of the Australian states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the problems with the economic integration between Australia and New Zealand. Information on the economic condition of both countries; Manufacturing output of New Zealand; Values of the market distance index of the two country; Trade flows and manufacturing structure.

International trade of agricultural products not only generates wealth but is also responsible for the introduction of invasive pests beyond their natural range. Comprehensive bioeconomic modelling frameworks are increasingly needed to assist in the resolution of import access disputes. However, frameworks that combine welfare analysis attributable to trade and invasive species spread management are lacking. This study provides a demonstration of how a comprehensive economic framework, which takes into account both the gains from trade and the costs of invasive species outbreaks, can inform decision-makers when making quarantine decisions. We develop a partial equilibrium trade model considering international trade and combine it with a stratified dispersal model for the spread and management of potential outbreaks of an invasive species. An empirical estimation is made of the economic welfare consequences for Australia of allowing quarantine-restricted trade in New Zealand apples to take place. The results suggest the returns to Australian society from importing New Zealand apples are likely to be negative. The price differential between the landed product with SPS measures in place and the autarkic price is insufficient to outweigh the increase in expected damage resulting from increased fire blight risk. As a consequence, this empirical analysis does not support the opening up of this trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the relationship between the Australia and New Zealand to see if they are interdependent in the sense of transmitting business cycles from one to another. Tendency of New Zealand to mimic the fluctuations experienced in Australia; Application of a vector autoregression to various macroeconomic variables of the two countries.