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This paper sets off on the intersection of two fronts. First, there is a long-established literature on marketing channels literature. Second, the Chinese elevator industry has been booming in light of China's rapid developments in the past three decades. Yet, rarely has there been discussion regarding how marketing channels literature can be applied to the elevator industry especially in the Chinese context. We argue that elevator industry in China has remained very conventional in terms of marketing efforts which may impose significant barriers to its further expansion, and accordingly tests the waters by trying to apply marketing channels research in Chinese elevator industry. We provide overviews of the Chinese elevator industry and the literature development of marketing channels in both Western and Chinese contexts, finishing with a preliminary discussion of how the literature could apply in the context of the elevator industry in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With important implications for global climate change mitigation, the development of a cap-and-trade emission trading scheme (ETS) in China is embedded in distinctive political, economic, and institutional contexts and has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. To offer a clear perspective on current research progress, this paper systematically reviews the recent literature on China’s ETS from three main aspects: mechanism design, policy and regional linkages, as well as impact assessment. The current research consensuses are summarized based upon detailed literature analyses and commentaries, and together with observations of international experience and China’s actual condition, the paper provides policy proposals for the development of China’s national ETS during 2016–2020. Finally, several important controversies in the current literature are discussed with regard to the practical demands of China’s ETS development. Five pressing topics that need to be further studied in the coming years are highlighted, including cap setting, allowance allocation among sectors and enterprises, carbon pricing, policy package and unified carbon market construction, as well as ex-ante and ex-post impact assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural tourism is a form of tourism relying on rural environment, with rural unique natural scene and cultural characteristics (production pattern, life style, folk customs, and rural culture) as object, and integrating sightseeing, vacation, recreation and shopping. Rural tourism provides recreation products for urban residents, promotes national and local economy, promotes rural employment, keeps traditional culture, improves rural ecological environment, and promotes urban and rural exchange. From concept and characteastics of rural toursm, this paper made a bref overiew of development background, realistic significance, influence factors, development mode, and existing problems, in the hope of providing favorable references for gasping development situation of rural tourism in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock cavern development is not a brand new concept in Hong Kong. In accordance with the recommendations of various studies conducted in Hong Kong, the use of rock caverns with high occupant loads is not impossible. All the existing cavern projects in Hong Kong, however, were designed to have low occupant loads and used as public utilities such as sewage treatment works, explosives depot, refuse transfer station, salt water service reservoirs and explosives magazine complex. In order to determine the possibility of utilizing caverns, from fire safety perspective, for potential uses other than public utilities with low occupant loads, this paper aims to critically review the fire safety strategies of the existing rock caverns in Hong Kong. The results of radon level measured in the largest rock cavern in Hong Kong are also demonstrated to determine whether cavern in Hong Kong is suitable for public use in terms of indoor radon concentration according to the relevant standard suggested by the World Health Organization. Further, recommendations are offered to facilitate possible utilization of rock caverns with high occupant loads in Hong Kong such as introducing new fire safety strategies and updating fire safety provisions for the existing rock caverns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With the development of technology for controlling point source pollution, non-point source (NPS) pollution issues have become increasingly prominent worldwide. Because of the wide range, difficult control and complex uncertainties involved in simulation processes, NPS pollution control has become a hotspot in the area of water pollution control. In China, NPS pollution control will be one of the most important issues in water environmental protection in the next several decades. To control NPS pollution, it is important to know how much there is. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the current NPS pollution modelling technology in China. We first compared several methods used for estimation of the NPS pollution load in China. We next discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in detail, both from the method itself and the simulation results. We found that most of these methods are derived directly from models developed by several developed countries, especially the USA. Although these models may be suitable to the situation of the country they were designed in, they may not be suitable to the actual situation of China. Other methods have been developed by scholars in China, but these are all very simple and may not provide a good estimation. Finally, we point out that we can only determine if a NPS model is good or bad according to the actual conditions of the study area and the available data for this area. Overall, the results of this study indicated that digesting and absorbing foreign NPS models, modifying the related processes and using related key parameters with Chinese characteristics are the future research direction for NPS pollution modelling in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Anaerobic digestion is a good method, which possesses the optimal combination of volume reduction, probability of success and potential for resource and energy recovery. However, relatively little research has been done on the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes (OSW), especially in China. However, different substrates, start-up conditions, micro-organisms, processing technologies, pre-treatment methods could influence the result of anaerobic digestion. Anaerabic treatment of municipal OSW is less than that of wastewaters because some problems and obstructions need to be solved. Meanwhile, the application of anaerobic digestion of OSW is also discussed in the present paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the sources, spatial distribution, frequency and trend of dust storms in China. Most dust storms in China originate from one of three geographic areas: the Hexi (River West) Corridor and western Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Taklimakan Desert, and the central Inner Mongolia Plateau. Dust is most likely from deteriorated grasslands, Gobi, alluvial, lacustrine sediments and wadis at the outer edge of deserts. But deserts themselves contribute only slightly to the dust storm directly. Two geographic areas frequently have dust storms: one is in the western Tarim Basin, a ground surface of deteriorated land and wadi, but it only affects its neighboring areas, and the other one is in the western Inner Mongolia Plateau, a ground surface of Gobi, alluvial and lacustrine sediments, but it causes most of the dust storms in north China. Generally speaking, dust storms have reduced in most regions of China from the 1950 to 2000. Dust storms are highly correlated with human activities and climate changes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]